CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MODERATES THE EFFECT OF EFFICIENCY, INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL, LIQUIDITY ON BANKING EARNINGS MANAGEMENT
Main Article Content
This study aims to see the effect of efficiency, intellectual capital, liquidity risk on earnings management with corporate governance as a moderating variable. This research also makes This study uses purposive sampling method as a sample selection method. The population of this research is all banking companies, amounting to 45 companies. Based on predetermined criteria, a sample of 33 companies was selected with an observation period of 6 years from 2015-2020. This study found that efficiency, intellectual capital, and corporate governance have a negative effect on earnings management. The variables of liquidity risk, firm size and capital adequacy have a positive effect on earnings management. For the moderating variable, corporate governance strengthens the relationship between efficiency and earnings management, as well as intellectual capital on earnings management. The moderating variable of corporate governance weakens the relationship between liquidity risk and earnings management
Abbaspour, A. M. and N. (2017). The Effect of Leverage and Liquidity Ratios on Earnings Management and Capital of Banks Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. International Review of Management and Marketing, 7(4), 99–107.
Affleck-Graves et al., (2002). Earnings predictability, information asymmetry, and market liquidity. Journal of Accounting Research 40 (3), 561–583
Agnes W.Y. Lo et al,. (2010) Can corporate governance deter management from manipulating earnings? Evidence from related-party sales transactions in China,. Journal of Corporate Finance 16 225–235
Alijoyo, Antonius & Subarto Zaini, (2004), Komisaris Independen: Penggerak Praktik GCG di perusahaan, Jakarta : PT. Indeks.
Balling M., Holm C., & Poulsen T,. Corporate governance ratings as a means to reduce asymmetric information,. Department of Accounting, Finance and Logistics, Aarhus School of Business,Fuglesangs Allé 4, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
Bakhshi et al., (2011)., The Impact of Corporate Governance on the Bid –Ask Spread:Evidence from an Emerging Market,,. International Conference on Sociality and Economics Development
Charoenwong et al. (2011), Corporate Governance and Adverse Selection, International Review of Economics and Finance 20 ,406–420
Chen et al., (2006). Ownership structure, corporate governance, and fraud: evidence from China. Journal of Corporate Finance 12, 424–448.
Chilin lu et al. (2007), Ownership Structure, Information Disclosure and Corporate Value: An Empirical Analysis of Taiwan Companies, Asia Pacific Management Conference, Melbourne, Australia, , 698-704
Jensen M . C., & Meckling W. H (1976) Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure, Journal of Financial Economics, October, 1976, V. 3, No. 4, pp. 305-360.
Jie Cai., Yixin Liu., & Yiming Qian.,(2008)., Information Asymmetry and Corporate Governance
Anthony, Robert N. dan Vijay Govindarajan. 2005. Sistem Pengendalian Manajemen. Salemba Empat: Jakarta.
Atwood, T., Drake, M., Myers, J. and Myers, L. 2012, “Home country tax system characteristics and corporate tax avoidance: international evidence”, The Accounting Review, Vol. 87 No. 6, pp. 1831-1860.
Beaver, W. H., & Engel, E. E. (1996). Discretionary behavior with respect to allowances for loan losses and the behavior of security prices. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 22(1–3), 177–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(96)00428-4
Baker, M. and Wurgler, J. 2002, “Market timing and capital structure”, Journal of Finance, Vol. 57 No. 1, pp. 1-32.
Subramanyam, K. 1998, “The effect of audit quality on earnings management”, Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 4-24. Beneish, M. 2001, “Earnings management: a perspective”, Managerial Finance, Vol. 27 No. 12, pp. 3-17.
Chen, L. and Zhao, X. 2000, “On the relation between the market-to-book ratio, growth opportunity, and leverage ratio”, Financial Research Letters, Vol. 3 No. 4, pp. 253-266.
Collins, J. and Shackelford, D. 1992, “Foreign tax credit limitations and preferred stock issuances”, Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 30, pp. 103-124.
DeAngelo, H. and Masulis, R.W. 1980, “Optimal capital structure under corporate and personal taxation”, Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 8 No. 1, pp. 3-29.
Desai, M. 2002, “The divergence between book and tax income”, Tax Policy and the Economy, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 169-206. DeFond, M.L. and Jiambalvo, J. 1994, “Debt covenant violation and manipulation of accruals”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 17 Nos 1-2, pp. 145-176
Dhaliwal, D., Trezevant, R. and Wang, S. 1992, “Taxes, investment-related tax shields and capital structure”, Journal of American Taxation Association, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 1-21.
Diamond, D. W. 1991, “Debt maturity structure and liquidity risk”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 106 No. 3, pp. 709-738.
Duke, J.C. and Hunt, H.G. 1990, “An empirical examination of debt covenant restrictions and accounting-related debt proxies”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 12 Nos 1-3, pp. 125-139.
Dyreng, Scott D.; Hanlon, Michelle; Maydew, Edward L. 2010. The Effects Of Executives On Corporate Tax Avoidance. Accounting Review. Jul, Vol. 85 Issue 4, P1163-1189.
Eisenhardt, Kathleen M. 1989. Agency Theory: An Assessment and Review. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 14, No. 1, Jan 1989, pp. 57-74.
Erickson, M., Hanlon, M. and Maydew, E. 2004, “How much will firms pay for earnings that do not exist?: Evidence of taxes paid on allegedly fraudulent earnings”, The Accounting Review, Vol. 79 No. 2, pp. 387-408.
Flannery, M.J. 1986, “Asymmetric information and risky debt maturity choice”, Journal of Finance, Vol. 41 No. 1, pp. 19-37.
Frank, M., Lynch, L. and Rego, S. 2009, “Tax reporting aggressiveness and its relation to aggressive financial reporting”, The Accounting Review, Vol. 84 No. 2, pp. 467-496.
Frank, M. Z. and Goyal, V. K. 2003, “Testing the pecking order theory of capital structure”. Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 67 No. 2, pp. 217-248.
Frankel, R., Johnson, M. and Nelson, K. 2002, “The relation between auditors’ fees for non-audit services and earnings management”, The Accounting Review, Vol. 77, Supplement, pp. 71-105.
Fung, Y.K.S. and Goodwin, J. 2013, “Short-term debt maturity, monitoring and accruals-based earnings management”, Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 67-82.
Gede, I. D., Mahariana, P., & Ramantha, I. W. (2014). Pengaruh kepemilikan manajerial dan kepemilikan institusional terhadap manajemen laba. 3, 688–699.
Gupta, M., Khurana, I. and Pereira, R. 2008, “Legal enforcement, short maturity debt, and the incentive to manage earnings”, Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 51 No. 4, pp. 619-639.
Hanlon, M. 2005, “The persistence and pricing of earnings, accruals, and cash flows when firms have large book-tax differences”, The Accounting Review, Vol. 80 No. 1, pp. 137-166.
Harwood, E. and Manzon, G. 2002, “Tax clientele and debt maturity”, Journal of the American Taxation Association, Vol. 22 No. 2, pp. 22-39.
Jensen, Michael C., dan Wiliam H. Meckling. 1976. “Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behaviour, Agency Cost and Ownership Structure. Journal of Financial Economics, Vol 3, No. 4, pp. 305-360.
Jensen, M. C. (1986). Agency Cost Of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers. SSRN Electronic Journal, 76(2), 323–329. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.99580
Jensen, M., & Meckling, W. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs, and ownership structure. The Economic Nature of the Firm: A Reader, Third Edition, 283–303. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511817410.023
Johnson, S.A. 2003, “Debt maturity and the effects of growth opportunities and liquidity risk on leverage”, Review of Financial Studies, Vol. 16 No. 1, pp. 209-236.
Jones, S., & Sharma, R. (2001). The impact of free cash flow, financial leverage and accounting regulation on earnings management in australia’s ‘Old’ and ‘New’ economies. Managerial Finance, 27(12), 18–39. https://doi.org/10.1108/03074350110767420
Murwaningsari, E. (2008). Pengaruh corporate governance terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan manajemen laba sebagai variabel intervening (Studi pada perusahaan manufaktur di BEJ). Jurnal Ekonomi: Media Ilmiah Indonesia, 13(2), 364-383.
Nasution, M., & Setiawan, D. (2020). Pengaruh Corporate Governance Terhadap Manajemen Laba Di Indonesia. Jurnal Studi Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 5(2), 70–74. https://doi.org/10.21107/jsmb.v5i2.6655
Sugiyono. 2015.Statistika Untuk Penelitian. Bandung: CV Alfabeta.
Sofia, I. P., & Murwaningsari, E. (2019). The Role of Corporate Diversification, Capital Structure Determinant, And Structure of Ownership on Earning Management with Information Asymmetry as Moderating Variable. small, 10(14).
Sweeney, A. 1994, “Debt covenant violations and managers’ accounting responses”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 17 No. 3, pp. 281-308.
Wang, D. 2006, “Founding family ownership and earnings quality”, Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 44 No. 3, pp. 619-656.
Watts, R. and Zimmerman, J. 1986, Positive Accounting Theory, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Watts, R. and Zimmerman, J. 1990, “Positive accounting theory: a ten year perspective”, The Accounting Review, Vol. 65 No. 1, pp. 131-156.
Yudiastuti, L. N., & Wirasedana, I. W. P. (2018). Good Corporate Governance Memoderasi Pengaruh Leverage Terhadap Manajemen Laba. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 23, 130. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2018.v23.i01.p06
Zainuldin, M. H., & Lui, T. K. (2018). Earnings management in financial institutions: A comparative study of Islamic banks and conventional banks in emerging markets. Pacific Basin Finance Journal, 62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2018.07.005