JOB PLACEMENT, TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON JOB SATISFACTION OF MILLENNIAL EMPLOYEES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF GRIYA PERSADA MEDIATED THROUGH WORK MOTIVATION AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE
Main Article Content
Naseha Elkrima
Bambang Satriawan
Nurhatisyah
The shift in human resource management (HRM) paradigms and organizational strategies has become increasingly important in the era of globalization, especially with the growing dominance of the millennial generation in the workforce. One of the main challenges faced by organizations today is the gap between the expectations and realities experienced by millennial employees in the workplace, particularly regarding fairness, communication, and opportunities for personal development. This study aims to examine the influence of job placement, transformational leadership, and organizational culture on job satisfaction among millennial employees at Universitas Griya Persada, with work motivation serving as a mediating variable. This research adopts a quantitative approach by distributing online questionnaires to non-academic millennial employees. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that transformational leadership and organizational culture have a positive and significant direct influence on job satisfaction. Meanwhile, job placement does not have a significant direct effect but shows a significant indirect influence through work motivation. Furthermore, work motivation itself was found to have a positive and significant impact on job satisfaction and mediates the relationship between the independent variables and job satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of applying an inspirational leadership style, fostering an inclusive organizational culture, and ensuring proper job placement that aligns with employees’ competencies and aspirations to enhance job satisfaction among millennials. This study offers practical insights for developing HRM strategies that are aligned with the values and characteristics of the millennial generation, particularly within the context of higher education institutions.
Akpa, V. O., Asikhia, O. U., & Nneji, N. E. (2021). Organizational culture and organizational performance: A review of literature. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management, 3(1), 361–372.
Ali, B. J., & Anwar, G. (2021). An empirical study of employees’ motivation and its influence job satisfaction. Ali, BJ, & Anwar, G.(2021). An Empirical Study of Employees’ Motivation and Its Influence Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Engineering, Business and Management, 5(2), 21–30.
Altassan, M. E. (2024). Exploring non-financial incentives for employee motivation in small and medium enterprises in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy, and Development, 8(8), 1–22.
Ananto, Y. A. (2013). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Dinas Tenaga Kerja, Transmigrasi dan Kependudukan Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Skripsi. Semarang: Universitas Negeri Semarang.
Anderson, R. B. (2019). The influence of millennial job satisfaction on leadership style and turnover intention. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
Anjam, M., Abu Faiz, M., Khan, F., & Khan, S. U. R. (2020). Probing the effects of transformational leadership on employees' job satisfaction with interaction of organizational learning culture
Aube, R. G. (2015). Transformational leadership as a predictor of the job satisfaction of millennials. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses
Bass, B. M. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Thousand Oaks.
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership. Psychology press.
Blumberg, B., Cooper, D., & Schindler, P. (2014). EBOOK: Business research methods. McGraw Hill.
Boone Jr, H. N., & Boone, D. A. (2012). Analyzing likert data. The Journal of Extension, 50(2), 48.
Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S., & Frey, D. (2013). Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust. The leadership quarterly, 24(1), 270-283.
Cameron, K. S. (2011). Diagnosing and changing organizational culture: Based on the competing values framework. John Wiley & Sons.
Campione, W. A. (2015). Corporate offerings: Why aren’t millennials staying?
Journal of Applied Business & Economics, 17(4).
Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. routledge. Colquitt, J. A., & Rodell, J. B. (2015). Measuring justice and fairness. The Oxford
Handbook of Justice in the Workplace, 1, 187–202.
Dabić, M., Stojčić, N., Simić, M., Potocan, V., Slavković, M., & Nedelko, Z. (2021). Intellectual agility and innovation in micro and small businesses: The mediating role of entrepreneurial leadership. Journal of Business Research, 123, 683–695.
Dessler, G. (2020). Fundamentals of human resource management. Pearson. Dessler, G., Cole, N. D., & Chhinzer, N. (2015). Management of human resources:
The essentials. Pearson London.
Dhewanto, W., Nurdayat, I. F., & Putri, A. A. (2020). Understanding the role of job satisfaction in workplace from millennial generation's perspective toward organizational performance. KnE Social Sciences
EA, L. (1976). The nature and cause of job satisfaction. Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50.
Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 219–247.
Greenberg, J. (1987). A taxonomy of organizational justice theories. Academy of Management Review, 12(1), 9–22.
Grishby, A. R. (2019). Leadership and Culture Effects on Corporate Retention of Black Millennials. Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies. Sule, E. T., Soemaryani, I., & Purba, M. (2023). The Effect of Transformational Leadership and Employee Placement on Work Engagement. UP45 Journal.
Hair, J., Hollingsworth, C. L., Randolph, A. B., & Chong, A. Y. L. (2017). An updated and expanded assessment of PLS-SEM in information systems research. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 117(3), 442–458.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European business review, 31(1), 2-24.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 43, 115-135.
Herzberg, F. (1966). Work and the nature of man. World.
Hershatter, A., & Epstein, M. (2010). Millennials and the world of work: An organization and management perspective. Journal of business and psychology, 25, 211-223.
Hertzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. (1959). The motivation to work. New York.
Hoffman, B. J., & Woehr, D. J. (2006). A quantitative review of the relationship between person–organization fit and behavioral outcomes. Journal of
Vocational Behavior, 68(3), 389–399.
Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work- related values (Vol. 5). sage.
Ibrahim, M., Karollah, B., Juned, V., & Yunus, M. (2022). The effect of transformational leadership, work motivation and culture on millennial generation employees performance of the manufacturing industry in the digital era. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 908966.
Indrayani, I., Nurhatisyah, N., Damsar, D., & Wibisono, C. (2024). How does millennial employee job satisfaction affect performance? Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 14(1), 22–40.
Inrawan, A., Tridianty Sianipar, R., Pandapotan Silitonga, H., Sudirman, A., & Dharma, E. (2022). Predictors Affecting Millennial Generation Work Satisfaction in Pematangsiantar City: a Quantitative Approach. Applied Quantitative Analysis (AQA), 1 (2), 1–14.
Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., & Pal, D. K. (2015). Likert scale: Explored and explained. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 7(4), 396–403.
Judge, T. A., & Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D. (2012). Job attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology, 63(1), 341–367.
Judge, T. A., & Piccolo, R. F. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: a meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755.
Kristof‐Brown, A. L., Zimmerman, R. D., & Johnson, E. C. (2005). Consequences OF INDIVIDUALS’FIT at work: A meta‐analysis OF person–job, person– organization, person–group, and person–supervisor fit. Personnel Psychology, 58(2), 281–342.
Kultalahti, S., & Liisa Viitala, R. (2014). Sufficient challenges and a weekend ahead–Generation Y describing motivation at work. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 27(4), 569-582.
Lie, D., Sherly, S., & Efendi, A. S. (2022). Millennial employee job satisfaction stimulant analysis.
Martin, R., Guillaume, Y., Thomas, G., Lee, A., & Epitropaki, O. (2016). Leader– member exchange (LMX) and performance: A meta‐analytic review. Personnel Psychology, 69(1), 67–121.
Mashaqbah, N. K. (2018). The relationship between motivation and job satisfaction among teachers of public schools in Mafraq province of Jordan. European Scientific Journal, 14(31), 224-239.
Mburu, L. N., Ragui, M., & Ongeti, W. (2024). Influence of Transformational Leadership on Millennial Workforce Engagement in Compliant International NGOs in Kenya. EBSCOhost.
McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 5(4), 117.
Moortezagholli, Z. (2020). Understanding millennial healthcare leaders' job satisfaction and retention. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses
Moulik, M., & Giri, V. N. (2024). Job crafting for workplace happiness: a study of millennials across Indian service sectors. Business Perspectives and Research, 12(2), 242–260.
Myers, K. K., & Sadaghiani, K. (2010). Millennials in the workplace: A communication perspective on millennials’ organizational relationships and performance. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25, 225–238.
Neuman, D. (2014). Qualitative research in educational communications and technology: A brief introduction to principles and procedures. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 26, 69–86.
Ng, E. S., Schweitzer, L., & Lyons, S. T. (2010). New generation, great expectations: A field study of the millennial generation. Journal of business and psychology, 25, 281-292.
Ngoc, A. M., Minh, C. C., Nhu, N. T., Nishiuchi, H., & Huynh, N. (2023). Influence of the human development index, motorcycle growth and policy intervention on road traffic fatalities–A case study of Vietnam. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology, 12(4), 925–936.
Nurhadian, A. F. (2017). Pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis & Entrepreneurship (e-Journal), 11(1), 59–74.
Obiekwe, O., Zeb-Obipi, I., & Ejo-Orusa, H. (2019). Organizational family culture and employee involvement in Nigeria workplaces: An Empirical analysis. IIARD Int. J. Econ. Bus. Manag, 5, 23–39.
Porter, T., Heath, M., Messina, N., & Bible, S. C. (2023). Millennials and the motivation to lead: is a transformational leader a catalyst or barrier? Management Research Review, 46(8), 1149–1162.
Purnamasari, L. (2023). The Leadership Concepts Of Peter G. Northouse Reflected In John Grisham’s Novel Character, Jake Brigance. JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES), 7(2), 486–489.
Putra, G. N. S., & Dewi, I. G. A. M. (2019). Effect of transformational leadership and organizational culture on employee performance mediated by job motivation.
Quinn, R. E. (2011). Diagnosing and changing organizational culture: Based on the competing values framework. Jossey-Bass.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2018). Essentials of organizational behavior. pearson.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, A. T. A. (2019). Organizational Behavior. 18th Editi. New York City, NY. USA: Pearson.
Ruys, J. (2013). Leadership behaviors and workplace factors millennial workers find important for job satisfaction and retention. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self- determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101860.
Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership (Vol. 2). John Wiley & Sons.
Schuler, R. S., & Jackson, S. E. (2008). Strategic human resource management.
John Wiley & Sons.
Sekaran, U. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Sessoms-Penny, S., Underwood, K. M., & Taylor, J. (2022). A decade later: exploring managerial insights on millennials. Management Matters, 20(1), 36–52.
Stover, O. (2020). Job satisfaction, engagement, and motivation among millennial nurses. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses
Strauss, W., & Howe, N. (2000). Millennials rising: The next great generation (Vol.
. Vintage Books New York.
Sule, E. T., Soemaryani, I., & Purba, M. (2023). The effect of transformational leadership and placement on work engagement. UP45 Journal
Twenge, J. M., Campbell, S. M., Hoffman, B. J., & Lance, C. E. (2010). Generational differences in work values: Leisure and extrinsic values
increasing, social and intrinsic values decreasing. Journal of Management, 36(5), 1117–1142.
Twenge, J. M., Campbell, W. K., & Freeman, E. C. (2012). Generational differences in young adults’ life goals, concern for others, and civic orientation, 1966–2009. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(5), 1045.
Valldeneu, M., Ferràs, X., & Tarrats, E. (2021). Effect of transformational behavior on millennial job satisfaction. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(3), 421.
Van den Broeck, A., Ferris, D. L., Chang, C.-H., & Rosen, C. C. (2016). A review of self-determination theory’s basic psychological needs at work. Journal of Management, 42(5), 1195–1229.
Van Hyatt, B. (2021). Definitions of meaningful work for Generation X and Millennial cuspers. Journal of Human Resource Management, 9(1), 1–14.
Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. John Willey & Sons.
Wang, X., Li, C., Chen, Y., Zheng, C., Zhang, F., Huang, Y., & Birch, S. (2022). Relationships between job satisfaction, organizational commitment, burnout and job performance of healthcare professionals in a district-level health care system of Shenzhen, China. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 992258.
Wayerski, L. K. (2018). Examining transformational leadership components as predictors of job satisfaction and job retention among millennials. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
Widodo, D. S., & Pramudianto, F. (2020). Pengaruh Penempatan Kerja terhadap Motivasi dan Kinerja Karyawan Generasi Millennial. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Bisnis, 6(2), 218-228.
Yap, W. M., & Badri, S. K. Z. (2021). Millennials' affective well-being and transformational leadership. Informit.
Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in organizations 8th ed. Pearson Education, Inc.
Zhang, X., & Bartol, K. M. (2010). Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Academy of Management Journal, 53(1), 107–128.
