LINKING WORK LIFE BALANCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT TO EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH SAFETY CULTURE: EVIDENCE FROM A MARITIME REGULATORY AGENCY
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.19482999Published:
2026-02-28Downloads
Abstract
This study examines how work-life balance and organizational support influence employee performance through safety culture at the Samarinda Class I Harbormaster and Port Authority Office. This study departs from the theoretical debate on how individual resources and institutional support translate into performance in high-risk organizations. Using a quantitative explanatory approach with partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis on 97 employees, this study found that work-life balance and organizational support significantly influenced safety culture and employee performance. Safety culture partially mediated this relationship, functioning as a collective mechanism that converts role balance and institutional support into operational performance. The main contribution of this study is the affirmation of safety culture as an organizational capability that integrates individual well-being and organizational support to improve performance in the context of port regulation.
Keywords:
Work Life Balance, Organizational Support, Safety Culture, Employee Performance, High-Risk OrganizationsReferences
Abeje, M., & Luo, F. (2023). The influence of safety culture and climate on safety performance: Mediating role of employee engagement in manufacturing enterprises in Ethiopia. Sustainability, 15(14), 11274. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411274
Al Ma'aitah, M., Alshurideh, M., & Al Kurdi, B. (2023). Safety culture and organizational performance in high risk industries: A systematic review. Safety Science, 160 , 106073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106073
Aloulou, W.J., et al. (2023). Work life balance and employee performance in public organizations. Employee Relations, 45 (5), 1123–1141. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-09-2022-0401
Bai, Y., Lin, L., & Wang, Y. (2021). Safety climate and safety performance: A meta analytic review. Journal of Safety Research, 77 , 89–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2021.03.004
Bautista Bernal, I., Quintana García, C., & Marchante Lara, M. (2024). Safety culture, safety performance and financial performance. A longitudinal study. Safety Science, 172, 106409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106409
Bautista Bernal, M., et al. (2024). Longitudinal relationship between safety culture and safety performance. Safety Science, 169 , 106365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106365
Blom, R., Jaspers, E., Knies, E., & van der Lippe, T. (2025). Family-friendly policies and workplace supports: A meta-analysis of their effects on career, job, and work-family outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 157, 104091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2025.104091
Borgia, F., et al. (2022). Work life balance and performance outcomes in high demand occupations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 (15), 9274. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159274
Brough, P., Timms, C., O'Driscoll, M., Kalliath, T., Siu, O., Sit, C., & Lo, D. (2014). Work life balance: A longitudinal evaluation of a new measure across Australia and New Zealand workers. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25 (19), 2724–2744. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2014.899262
Caesens, G., & Stinglhamber, F. (2023). Perceived organizational support and performance: A multilevel analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 141 , 103829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103829
Corrigan, S., Kay, A., & Ryan, M. (2020). Human factors and safety culture: Challenges and opportunities for the port environment. Safety Science, 130, 104831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104831
Demerouti, E. (2025). Job demands-resources and conservation of resources theories: How do they help to explain employee well-being and future job design? Journal of Business Research, 192, 115296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115296
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71 (3), 500–507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
Haar, J., Roche, M., & Brougham, D. (2022). Work life balance and employee performance: The mediating role of engagement. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33 (15), 2983–3005. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.1943492
Hair, J.F., Risher, J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS SEM. European Business Review, 31 (1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hair, J.F., Risher, J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS SEM. European Business Review, 31 (1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hair, J., & Alamer, A. (2022). Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Guidelines using an applied example. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 1 , 100027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmal.2022.100027
Henseler, J., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43 (1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Kim, M., & Beehr, T. A. (2022). Organizational support and employee performance: A social exchange approach. Human Resource Management Review, 32 (4), 100862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2021.100862
Kock, N. (2015). Common method bias in PLS SEM: A full collinearity assessment approach. International Journal of e Collaboration, 11 (4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015100101
Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C., Hildebrandt, V., de Vet, H., & van der Beek, A. (2014). Measuring individual work performance: Identifying and selecting indicators. Work, 48 (2), 229–238. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-131659
Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., & Ford, M. T. (2022). Perceived organizational support: A meta analytic evaluation. Journal of Management, 48 (6), 1352–1381. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063211060780
Larsman, P., et al. (2024). Organizational climate and employee well-being: A longitudinal study. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 50 (2), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.4097
Lu, C. S., & Yang, C. S. (2022). Safety culture and safety performance in container terminal operations. Maritime Policy & Management, 49 (4), 567–584. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2021.1954550
Lu, L., Lu, A.C., Gursoy, D., & Neale, N.R. (2022). Work life balance and employee performance: The mediating role of psychological resources. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 101 , 103126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.103126
Neal, A., Griffin, M., & Hart, P. (2000). The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior. Safety Science, 34 (1–3), 99–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(00)00008-4
Pensar, H., Järlström, M., Janhonen, M., & Heikkilä, J. P. (2023). The resources to balance: Exploring remote employees' work-life balance and well-being. Cogent Business & Management, 10(1), 2232592. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2232592
Talukder, AKMMH, Vickers, M., & Khan, A. (2023). Work life balance and performance outcomes: A resource based perspective. Personnel Review, 52 (3), 789–807. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-05-2021-0369
Wang, Z., Liu, H., & Parker, S. K. (2023). Organizational support and performance in high risk contexts. Academy of Management Journal, 66 (2), 521–545. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2021.0421
Xi, Y., Zhang, X., & Liu, Y. (2025). The effect of safety culture on the safety behavior of ship officers. Frontiers in Marine Science, 12, 1599455. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1599455
Yan, Z., Zhang, Z., & Choo, W. C. (2024). What does the past mean for the future? A meta-analysis of perceived organizational support in hospitality and tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 59, 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2024.04.004
Zhang, L., Zhao, X., & Wang, Y. (2024). Safety culture and organizational effectiveness in maritime transport. Transportation Research Part A, 179 , 103790. https
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Sopiansyah, Siti Maria, Anisa Kusumawardani

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

