WELL-BEING AND PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT AMONG KASHMIRI COLLEGE STUDENTS

The present study was a cross-sectional study. The main aim of present study was to explore the significance well-being among college students of Kashmir valley. The data were collected from students 480 students from various degree colleges of Kashmir (21-24 years old age). The data was analyzed by computing Pearson’s correlation to test the relationship between study variables. The main intent was to estimate relationship between perceived social supports with well-being. The well-being questionnaire and perceived social support questionnaire were administrated. Results demonstrated that there was significant difference was found on the basis of gender, area of residence and family monthly income. Findings also indicated that there is a perceived social support is positively correlated with well-being.


INTRODUCTION
Well-being is a multi-dimensional concept it includes various ,aspects such as optimism, self-control, happiness, sense of interests, free of failures, anxiety and loneliness have been considered as the special aspects of well-being) (Bordbar et al., 2011).
Psychological well-being is essential concern to lead a happy productive life.
Psychological wellbeing is a multidimensional concept that cheerfulness, optimism, playfulness, self-control, a sense of detachment and freedom from frustration, anxiety and loneliness are indicators of psychological well-being (Sinha and Verma, 1992).
Psychological dimension of well-being is the combination of positive affective state such as happiness and functioning with optimal effectiveness in individual and social life (Amalu, 2018).There are several factors which are responsible for various psychological problems associated with low wellbeing and other aspects of mental health issues such as, Depression.Anxiety, PTSD, Drug abuses and behavioural disorders.The aim of present study was

Volumes 3 No.1 (2023)
Well-being and Perceived Social Support among Kashmiri College Students Waseem Qayoom Kachroo 1 G.Ramanathan 2 to develop positive constructs among the college students such as perceived social support and well-being among Kashmiri college students.Psychological well-being is about lives going well.Social support is an essential factor which encourages positive behaviours and contributes to positive outcomes of mental health and wellbeing in response to life crisis or at the times of adversity in the form of friends, family and the community at large.It plays a vital role in bringing positive psychological changes in the individual that are essential for the maintenance of their mental health.(Dar & Dar, 2021) Perceived social support refers to the process of getting support from institutions and people around us such as family, friends and neighbours.Social support can improve psychological well-being and help in affective, physical and cognitive aspects of individual development.Also, it fulfils individuals' physical and psychological and social needs through self-esteem, loyalty, love and the sense of belonging to a group (Panahi, 2016) Objectives 1.To examine relationship between psychological wellbeing with perceived social support among college students 2. To find out the significant differences among socio-demographic variables with to psychological wellbeing among college students.

Hypotheses
1.There will be a significant difference in psychological well-being of college students' demographic variables across gender, age, area of residence and monthly family income.
2. There will be a significant relationship of social support withwell-being of Kashmiri college students.

Design
A cross-sectional correlational research design was followed in the current study.For data collection purposive sampling was used in the present study.

Procedure
The institutional authorities were approached before the process of data collection and approval was obtained from them to collect data from enrolled students.Further, students were approached and the objectives of the study were briefed to them.They were also briefed about their rights as study subjects.
Furthermore, a consent form was provided to all the participants and they were requested to sign on the same before taking part in the study.Participation in the study was voluntary.The participant's took 15-25 min to respond to the questionnaires.

Measures
Meanwhile the medium of instruction in colleges is English.Therefore all the measures of this study were distributed among the participants in English to collect the data.The description of each of the measures is provided as follows: Instruments used in this study were as follows: Demographic questionnaire The Socio-demographic information of the participants was recorded with the help of a background information questionnaire such as, gender, age, area of residence monthly family income of the participants, For instance, the participants were asked: "What is your age" (18-21 years or 22-24 years), "What is your gender" (male or female) "What is your monthly family income, below <10000 INR and above 100001 /INR> ,area of residence etc. influenced by what everyone else is doing", "In many ways, I feel disappointed about my achievements in life", "I like most aspects of my personality".The subject's responses were recorded using a six-point Likert scale from Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree.The higher scores on each dimension showed the greater Well-being on that dimension.This scale showed significant reliability and validity in the researchers reported from different countries.The overall Cronbach's alpha is 0.88 and had high internal consistency.In the present scale six alternatives response have been given to each statement I.e.strongly disagree, moderately disagree, slightly disagree, and slight agree, moderately agree and strongly agree.Positive items are scored as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 and negative items are reversed scored i.e. 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1.

Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS):
The MSPSS developed by Zimet et al. [29] in 1988, was used to assess the perceived social support among respondents.There are 12itemsin MSPSS which are rated on a 7-point Likert scale.
The response of the scale items ranges from 1 meaning "strongly disagree" to 7 meaning "strongly agree".The score on MSPSS ranges from12 to 84.The reliability of MSPSS was obtained with the help of Cronbach's alpha coefficient that was ascertained to be 0.85.Table1 shows the demographic details of the participants (N = 480) in which more than half of them were females 250 (52.1%) and less than half were males 230 (47.9%).(M= 154.33.56,SD =14.28), female mean, SD (M= 157.85,SD = 14.60).The obtained t value was (-2.667**).A significant difference was found on the basis of gender hence proposed hypothesis was retained.Regarding the age the result of study revealed that no significant difference was found , the Mean ,SD of 18-21yeas were (M= 155.97,SD= 4.3 )and 22 -24 years were (M =156.38,SD= 13.13).Similarly a positively significant difference was found with respect to area of residence the Mean SD, of rural area (M =158.07,SD= 15.90) and urban mean (M=153.45,SD=11.87).The obtained t value was (-3.465**).Thus alternative hypotheses were accepted.In addition to this the Mean, SD, of participants having monthly income below 10,000 was (M= 156.86,SD=15.38)and above 10,000 (M=155.37,SD = 13.52).

Table-4.
SampleA sample of 480 college students (female 250andmale 230) was participated in this study.The research participants were taken from different colleges of Kashmir, from November 2019 to January 2020, by using a purposive sampling method.The participants were recruited from undergraduate courses, irrespective of the educational stage of the students in the institution.During the process of data collection, available students in the institutions were recruited based on their voluntary consent and participation as subjects in the current study.
-being scale (WBS)developed by Keyes (1995 to determine the well-being levels.It has 42 items in 6 factors.It is a 6 point Likert scale type scale .ithas six sub scales exposure to among the participants, Psychological Well-being Scale designed Psychological Well-being Scale (1989) with six dimensions: Autonomy, Environmental Mastery, Personal Growth, Positive Relations with Others, Purpose in Life, and Self -Acceptance.This forty-two-item scales consisted of statements like, "My decisions are not Most of the student's i.e. 251 (52.3 %) of the respondents were aged 18 to 21 years while 229 (47.7 %) were aged 22 to 24 years.Regarding residence 282 (58.8%) belonged to rural areas whereas 198 (41.3%) belonged to urban areas.More than half of sample 255 (53.1%) had monthly income of below 10000 rupees and less than half 225(46.9%)had monthly income of above 10,000 INR.

Table - 2
Description of well-being (N = 480)Table-3 depicts the mean SD, t-value in terms of psychological wellbeing, with respect, gender age, area of residence and monthly family income.The result shows that the Mean, SD, of male