Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI)
Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) journal is a multidisciplinary open access journal published Bimonthly (January, March, May, July, September and November). The journal continuously recei­ves contributions that offer constructive ideas, analysis, and discussions, in the forms of reviews, articles, and reports concerne­d with interdisciplinary approaches. The MORFAI welcomes a wide range of theoretical, empirical, and historical perspectives. Possible articles’ topics include, but are not limited to the following: Economics, Political Science, Law, Human Right, International Business and Management, Agricultural Research, Medical Research, Public Health, Psychology, Engineering Sciences, Sociology, Accounting, Anthropology, Ethnography, Communication, Educational Review and Religious Studies. In accordance with the decree issued by Director General of Research and Development of the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Technology, bearing the reference Number 295/C/C3/KPT/2026 Dated January 2, 2026 Concerning the Accreditation Ranking of Scientific Journals Period II, the "Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI)" journal has been bestowed with the esteemed National SINTA 3 Ranking Still 2025-2030. The Editorial Board of "Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI)" extends its profound appreciation for the unwavering support and trust vested in us by the Review Board and our esteemed authors. Their relentless efforts and commitment to excellence have been instrumental in the publication of scholarly articles that significantly contribute to the advancement of knowledge with substantial societal impact. Despite this notable achievement, the "Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI)" Editorial Board will not rest on its laurels. We remain steadfast in our pursuit of the highest echelons of academic excellence in the management of scientific journals. Our ultimate objective is to secure indexing within the globally recognized SCOPUS database. Benefits of Publishing a Multidisciplinary Devotion Journal: Ease of submission and author care — Authors are allowed to submit their work through the Open Journal System. Open Access — Free to readers, with an affordable article processing fee (APC) paid by the author or their institution. Speed ​​— We apply In-Press to all accepted manuscripts and provide peer review to maintain the integrity of the information. Visibility — With our open access policy, we are committed to promoting your work as widely as possible and providing as much visibility and exposure as possible for your articles. Multisection — Authors have the option to publish articles and technical notes Indexing — Articles Are Indexed Locally and Internationally. E-ISSN: 2808-6635
"PULER" INNOVATION: PALM OIL MILL SOLID WASTE AS ORGANIC FERTILIZER TO SUPPORT SDG'S 12
Palm oil mill boiler ash is a solid industrial waste available in large quantities, but its utilization is still limited. This waste has alkaline properties and nutrient content that has the potential to improve the physical-chemical properties of tropical acid soils, such as pH, cation exchange capacity, and macronutrient availability, making it a potential sustainable soil ameliorant. This study aims to process organic fertilizer, namely an organomineral product based on boiler ash, with the aim of evaluating its chemical characteristics and assessing its potential application as a soil ameliorant. The analysis results show that Puler has a pH value of 9 and a nutrient composition that can improve soil quality without heavy metal concentrations above the Indonesian national standard threshold. These findings indicate that Puler can be an efficient alternative ameliorant and supports the utilization of palm oil industry waste. In addition, this puler also meets the criteria for organic fertilizer standards according to SNI 7763:2024
Copyright (c) 2026 Ika Ucha Pradifta R, Tifany Zia Aznur, Saroha Manurung, Aulia Juanda, Mahyunis, Dina Arfianti Saragih, Delyana R Pulungan, Ritna Wahyuni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF TRUST IN MEDIATING THE INFLUENCE OF STRATEGIES ON MUZAKKI AWARENESS AT LAZISMU BANJARMASIN
This study aims to analyze the influence of communication strategies on the awareness of muzakki with muzakki trust as a mediating variable at LAZISMU Banjarmasin City. The study used a quantitative approach with a survey method. The study population was muzakki who had distributed zakat through LAZISMU Banjarmasin City, with a sample of 150 respondents determined using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through a questionnaire with a five-level Likert scale and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results showed that communication strategies had a positive and significant effect on muzakki awareness and muzakki trust. In addition, muzakki trust also had a positive and significant effect on muzakki awareness. The results of the mediation test showed that muzakki trust was able to partially mediate the influence of communication strategies on muzakki awareness. These findings indicate that effective, transparent, and credible communication strategies play an important role in building muzakki trust and increasing awareness in paying zakat through official zakat institutions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muzahid Akbar Hayat, Decky C. Kananto Lihu, Parihin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DEVELOPMENT OF A PROJECT-BASED LEARNING MODULE ON LIGHT AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS AND CREATIVITY
This study aims to describe the development process, examine the validity, analyze user responses (teachers and students), and determine improvements in students’ critical thinking skills and creativity through the implementation of a science learning module based on Project-Based Learning (PjBL) integrated with deep learning on the topic of Light and Optical Instruments. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using a modified ADDIE model, consisting of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The trial participants consisted of 25 eighth-grade students from SMP Negeri 1 Pulau Malan. The findings indicate that: (1) the learning module was successfully developed in accordance with the ADDIE procedure, resulting in a 100-page instructional product; (2) the module met the “Highly Feasible” criteria based on expert validation by subject-matter and media specialists, with an overall mean validity score of 93.13%; (3) teacher and student responses were highly positive (teachers: 94.25%; students: 91.80%), indicating that the module is systematic and effective in supporting conceptual understanding; (4) there was a significant improvement in students’ critical thinking skills, as evidenced by an N-Gain score of 0.75 (high category); and (5) students’ creativity skills reached a very high category (91.50%) following module implementation, particularly in the dimensions of flexibility and originality, supported by the use of recycled materials in optical instrument projects. This study concludes that the PjBL-based learning module on Light and Optical Instruments is effective as an alternative instructional resource for strengthening students’ 21st-century skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kristin Oktaviani, Putut Marwoto, Siti Wahyuni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
APPLICATION OF THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS METHOD IN EVALUATING PUBLIC COMPLAINT HANDLING SERVICE SATISFACTIONTHROUGH THE RAPID RESPONSE COMMUNITY (CRM) SYSTEM OF THE DKI JAKARTA PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT
Objectives: The study aims to analyze the factors that shape public satisfaction with the Cepat Respon Masyarakat (CRM) System. Methodology: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis with a mixed methods approach was used to compare paired cluster indicators identified by three CRM system experts. Finding: The results indicate that the level of public satisfaction with the CRM system, in the second-level cluster, is the most important factor determining public satisfaction, perceived quality. In the third-level cluster, the most important factors determining public satisfaction are Service Process Efficiency and Transparency. In the fourth-level cluster, the most important factors determining public satisfaction are the report and complaint development process, ease of procedures, and security of reporter data protection. Conclusion: The implementation of the CRM system must consider public opinion as users. Therefore, the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government needs to focus on improving transparency, accessibility, and operational management of public services to increase public trust.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andika Wisnuadji Putra Soebroto, Utomo Sarjono Putro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
REGULATION OF HEALTH CRISIS RISK ASSESMENT (DISASTER HEALTH) RELATED TO PRE-HEALTH CRISIS (PRE-DISASTER) STAGE MITIGATION EFFORTS FROM A HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE
Indonesia is a country with a high level of disaster vulnerability, which has direct implications for the emergence of health crises. One important instrument in pre-disaster mitigation is the health crisis risk assessment. This study aims to analyze the regulations for health crisis risk assessments in the pre-disaster phase and formulate an ideal regulatory framework that provides legal certainty and protects human rights, particularly the right to health. The research method used is normative juridical, with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results indicate a disharmony between Minister of Health Regulation No. 75 of 2019, which requires annual risk assessments, and Head of the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) Regulation No. 02 of 2012, which stipulates a five-year risk assessment validity period. This disharmony has resulted in legal uncertainty and weak implementation of risk assessments at the community health center (Puskesmas) level. From a human rights perspective, this situation has the potential to hinder the fulfillment of the rights to health and the right to life. This study recommends the need for regulatory harmonization and the establishment of a risk assessment period that is adaptive, integrated, and human rights-based.
Copyright (c) 2026 Memory Fitri Sitorus, I Nyoman Suyatna, R.A. Tuty Kuswardhani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE BUSINESS JUDGMENT RULE AS LEGAL PROTECTION FOR DIRECTORS IN BUSINESS DECISION-MAKING
The Business Judgment Rule (BJR) doctrine is an essential pillar of corporate governance. However, its implementation in Indonesia creates legal uncertainty, particularly for Directors of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) who are vulnerable to the criminalization of business decisions as corruption offenses. This study aims to comparatively analyze the implementation of the BJR in Indonesia through an international perspective (Delaware) to identify key challenges. Employing a normative-juridical method with comparative, statutory, and case study approaches, this research maps fundamental differences. The analysis reveals three distinct gaps: (1) A procedural gap, where Indonesia's BJR (Article 97(5) of the Company Law) functions as an affirmative defense rather than a presumption of protection as seen in common law jurisdictions; (2) A functional gap, namely the shift of the BJR’s function from the civil realm to a criminal defense (mens rea); and (3) A contextual gap, where SOE business losses are interpreted as “state losses.” The contrasting dynamics of court decisions (the case of the former President Director of PT. Pertamina vs. Jiwasraya) highlight the failure of the BJR to distinguish error of judgment from bad faith. Consequently, directors tend to become risk averse. This study recommends legislative clarification, harmonization among law enforcement agencies, and the strengthening of internal governance to restore legal certainty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Meylinda, Siti Nurhayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
"DETERMINING FACTORS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) ADOPTION IN LEARNING: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW (SLR). BASED ON THE THEORY OF DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION"
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the education sector offers significant transformational potential, but its successful implementation depends heavily on the factors driving the adoption of the technology by educators and institutions. This study aims to identify and analyze the determinants of AI adoption in learning contexts using Everett Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory framework. The study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. A literature search was conducted in reputable databases (such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and Eric) spanning the past five years. Data were analyzed through the stages of identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion of relevant articles. The findings indicate that the five characteristics of innovation in DOI Theory—relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, triability, and observability—play a crucial role in AI adoption decisions. Relative advantage in the form of administrative efficiency and personalized learning are key drivers, while technical complexity and lack of supporting infrastructure are significant barriers. Furthermore, external factors such as institutional policies and teacher self-efficacy contribute to accelerating the diffusion process. The study concludes that to increase AI adoption, technology developers and policymakers should focus on reducing system complexity and aligning technology with existing curricula.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rian Budi Purnomo, Jack Sholeh Jamil, Nurjanah, Ade Himernio Adnis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF PROFITABILITY, COMPANY SIZE AND EARNINGS QUALITY ON COMPANY VALUE WITH LEVERAGE AS A MODERATING VARIABLE: A CASE STUDY IN THE TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
This study aims to examine the effect of Profitability, Company Size, and Earnings Quality on Firm Value with Leverage as a moderating variable in technology sector companies in Southeast Asia. This study uses panel data covering 123 observations from 41 technology companies operating in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore during the 2022–2024 period, with data processing carried out using Stata 17 software. Determination of the best analysis model is based on the Hausman Test which shows that the Random Effect Model (REM) is the most appropriate model with a probability value of 0.9073. The results of the analysis indicate that Profitability, Company Size, and Earnings Quality have a positive relationship with Firm Value, but this effect is not statistically significant. Furthermore, testing of moderating variables shows that Leverage does not play a role in moderating the relationship between Profitability, Company Size, or Earnings Quality on Firm Value. The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.0561 indicates that the combination of independent variables and moderating variables is only able to explain 5.61% of the variation in Company Value, while the remainder is influenced by other factors outside the research model. These findings indicate that investors in the technology sector in Southeast Asia rely not only on internal financial indicators to assess company value, but also consider external and non-financial factors. Therefore, companies need to improve transparency, the quality of information disclosure, and the implementation of good governance and sustainability to increase company value in the market.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Yuliasti Kalan, Robiur Rahmat Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY ANALYSIS OF GLUTEN-FREE WET NOODLES BASED ON SORGUM FLOUR ( SORGHUM BICOLOR L. MOENCH)
Dependence on wheat flour in Indonesia encourages efforts to develop local food ingredients such as sorghum which has a low glycemic index and high antioxidant content. However, the absence of gluten causes sorghum noodle dough to be less flexible and easily broken, so natural binding agents such as apple peel puree containing pectin, soluble dietary fiber, and polyphenols are needed to improve the dough structure. This study aims to analyze the physicochemical and organoleptic qualities of gluten-free wet noodles using sorghum flour as the main ingredient and the addition of apple peel puree as a source of fiber and bioactive compounds. The study used a quantitative laboratory experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 levels of sorghum flour/ S and apple peel puree/ P formulation treatments (S1P1 90:10, S2P2 80:20, S3P3 65:35, S4P4 50:50) with three replications. The parameters observed included protein content, crude fiber content, noodle flexibility, and organoleptic tests (color, aroma, taste, texture). All data were analyzed using ANOVA, if there was a significant or very significant difference, further testing was carried out. Parametric data using BNT/BNJ/Duncan depending on the KK value, while non-parametric data using Kruskal Walis test followed by effectiveness test. The results showed that the S1P1 treatment (90% sorghum flour: 10% apple peel puree) was the best treatment based on the effectiveness test with the highest yield value (NH) of 0.72. This treatment produced wet noodles with characteristics of 10.42% protein content, 1.51% crude fiber content, and tensile strength value of 0.84 N, and organoleptically preferred by panelists in the parameters of color (4.29), aroma (3.66), taste (4.49), and elasticity (4.39).
Copyright (c) 2026 Daniel Eka Bekti Saputra, Fadjar Kurnia Hartati, Adhania Andika Prayudanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF ESG DISCLOSURE LEVELS IN INDONESIAN STATE-OWNED CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES: A COMPARISON BEFORE AND AFTER THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POJK 51/2017
Disclosure of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) has increasingly gained attention in modern business practices, particularly for construction companies that have significant social and environmental impacts. In Indonesia, the issuance of POJK 51/2017 by the Financial Services Authority marked an important milestone in requiring public companies, including state-owned construction enterprises (BUMN Karya), to prepare sustainability reports. This study aims to analyze the comparison of ESG disclosure levels before and after the regulation in four BUMN Karya, namely WIKA, ADHI, PTPP, and WSKT. The methodology employed is content analysis of annual reports and sustainability reports for the 2015–2023 period, using 22 ESG indicators covering environmental, social, and governance aspects. The findings reveal a significant increase after the regulation, where ESG scores that initially averaged 5–7 in the 2015–2017 period surged to more than 19 in 2018–2023, with all companies achieving full scores since 2021. The discussion highlights the crucial role of regulation in driving transparency, with the most substantial improvement observed in the environmental aspect, which had previously been neglected. In conclusion, POJK 51/2017 proved effective in strengthening sustainability practices, although variations remain among companies in terms of the speed of achieving disclosure standards.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fia Medana Arieca https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE GASING METHOD HAS SUCCESSFULLY IMPROVED NUMERATION RATIO IN VARIOUS REGIONS OF INDONESIA
Numeracy skills have become a highly crucial foundational competence in responding to the demands of the 21st century, particularly in the development of mathematical literacy and problem-solving abilities. However, the numeracy achievement of students in Indonesia remains relatively low, as indicated by reports from PISA and the National Assessment. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Gasing Method (Gampang, Asyik, dan Menyenangkan / Easy, Fun, and Enjoyable) in improving students’ numeracy skills across various regions in Indonesia. The research employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. The sample consisted of 203 participants from four regions: Mesuji Regency, Karanganyar Regency, Bojonegoro Regency, and Bandar Lampung City. Data were collected through numeracy test instruments (pretest and posttest) and analyzed using descriptive statistics and a Two-Way ANOVA test with SPSS. The results indicate a significant improvement in numeracy skills across all regions, where the average pretest scores were in the low to moderate categories and subsequently increased sharply to nearly the maximum scores in the posttest. The Two-Way ANOVA analysis confirms that the implementation of the Gasing Method has a significant effect on improving numeracy skills (Sig. < 0.001), with an R² value of 0.688, indicating a strong contribution of the model to the increase in scores. These findings provide empirical evidence that the Gasing Method is effective, adaptable across diverse regional contexts, and relevant as a learning strategy to strengthen numeracy skills in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eriya Gusmara, Prihantini, Rendi Restiana Sukardi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BUDGETARY POLITICS IN STUNTING HANDLING IN JEMBER REGENCY: GOOD FINANCIAL GOVERNANCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVES
Jember Regency came into the national spotlight for recording the highest stunting prevalence in East Java based on the 2022 SSGI data, at 34.9%. This phenomenon demands an aggressive fiscal policy response as a form of state obligation. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Jember Regency Government's budgetary politics in handling stunting from the perspectives of Public Finance and Citizenship. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a library research approach. The results indicate that the Jember Regency Government allocated a specific cross-agency budget reaching IDR 341 Billion in the 2023 Fiscal Year. However, there is a significant data disparity between the central survey (SSGI) and local data (Weighing Month), which affects the precision of budget targeting. From a citizenship perspective, the magnitude of this budget is a manifestation of non-physical state defense to save the next generation, although challenges in data accountability remain a major obstacle in fully fulfilling citizens' right to health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Briyan Nanda Ivansyach, Tumija https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Influence The Use of Blind Van Type Electric Cars Operational Energy Costs and Costs Maintenance Vehicle through Efficiency Cost Operations at PT. Dapensi Dwikarya
The transition toward electric vehicles has encouraged logistics companies to empirically evaluate operational cost efficiency as part of sustainable transportation strategies. This study aims to analyze the effect of using electric blind vans on energy operational costs and vehicle maintenance costs through operational cost efficiency at PT. Dapensi Dwikarya, a logistics company operating in Indonesia. This research employs a quantitative explanatory approach using a survey method to examine the causal relationships among variables. Data were collected through structured questionnaires measured on a seven-point Likert scale and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The analysis involves four main constructs: the use of electric blind vans, operational cost efficiency, energy operational costs, and vehicle maintenance costs. The results indicate that the use of electric blind vans has a positive and significant effect on operational cost efficiency. Furthermore, operational cost efficiency significantly affects both energy operational costs and vehicle maintenance costs. The findings also show that operational cost efficiency mediates the relationship between the use of electric blind vans and operational costs. Specifically, operational cost efficiency partially mediates the effect of electric blind van usage on energy operational costs and fully mediates its effect on vehicle maintenance costs. These results suggest that the economic benefits of adopting electric vehicles in logistics operations depend not only on vehicle technology but also on effective operational cost management to achieve long-term cost efficiency
Copyright (c) 2026 EGANA DWI SAPARINGGA, Melia, Agus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLES OF WOMEN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL RESOURCE BASED MSMES IN SOUTH BURU REGENCY
based Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in South Buru Regency as an archipelagic region of Indonesia. This study employed a qualitative case study approach supported by descriptive quantitative data. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation involving 25 women MSME actors in Labuang Village, Namrole District. The findings reveal that women play a dominant and strategic role not only in production activities, particularly in trade and fisheries, but also in controlling key resources such as finances, production tools, and savings. Financial control emerges as a critical factor in ensuring MSME sustainability. Notably, in the specific context of Labuang Village, patriarchal structures commonly reported as barriers to women’s access and participation do not fully apply. Instead, women demonstrate a high degree of agency in managing both enterprises and household resources. Nevertheless, persistent challenges remain, including limited access to formal financing, which leads to reliance on informal moneylenders, as well as the dual burden arising from domestic responsibilities. This study underscores that empowering women in local resource-based MSMEs is a crucial strategy for fostering inclusive and sustainable economic development in South Buru Regency. Accordingly, this study recommends the formulation of holistic, women-centered policies that encompass inclusive access to capital, managerial and digital skills training, and the strengthening of social networks to further optimize women’s strategic roles in local economic development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Santi Farinah Tuankotta, Muspida, Hendri D. Hahury https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FISCAL AUTONOMY AND REVENUE GROWTH: THE IMPORTANCE OF SPATIAL CONTEXT IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT REFORM
This study examines the revenue growth performance of Ghana's Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Assemblies (MMDAs) and explores the moderating influence of population density on the relationship between financial autonomy and revenue growth. This study analyzes the impact of institutional capability and spatial context on subnational fiscal performance in the context of Ghana's decentralization, based on fiscal federalism and institutional theory. Auditor-General's Reports and the Ghana Statistical Service provided data on 261 MMDAs from 2018 to 2023. Stata 18 and R 4.3 were used for fixed-effects estimation, the system generalized method of moments (GMM), robustness testing, and moderation analysis using Hayes' PROCESS Model 1. The results indicate that financial autonomy substantially improved subnational revenue growth (β = 0.0036, p < 0.001). Population density did not significantly reduce this association (β = -0.0031, p = 0.108). Further analysis indicates that the fiscal benefits of autonomy are more pronounced in low-density assemblies, suggesting that institutional and administrative efficiencies play a more critical role in fiscal performance than population size. The findings indicate that decentralization reforms should prioritize improving governance quality, institutional discipline, and fiscal accountability, rather than demographic or spatial considerations. This study represents the first application of moderated panel models to 261 Ghanaian MMDAs, demonstrating that institutional strength, rather than population density, serves as the principal determinant of fiscal benefits from autonomy in developing countries. This finding contributes to the discussion on fiscal federalism and institutional theories.
Copyright (c) 2026 Edem Lekettey, Nugraha Nugraha, Maya Sari, Denny Andriana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EVALUATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY IN ACEH PROVINCE'S LANDFILL
management can lead to environmental pollution. This condition results in a decline in environmental quality and harms human health. One of the negative impacts of waste can arise from the source, where waste producers fail to properly handle waste. Research findings, including the limited number of human resources for landfill management, limited institutional frameworks for budget management, and the limited number of regional regulations established to support waste management policies in Aceh Province, indicate that waste management policies in Aceh Province still do not meet the criteria for adequacy as a public policy. The coverage of waste management services has only reached 66.73%, indicating that the Waste Management Policy at landfills in Aceh Province still does not meet the criteria for "equity" as a public policy in providing services to the community.
Copyright (c) 2026 Saharuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
VIOLATION OF THE MEDICAL CODE OF ETHICS IN DOCTOR MALPRACTICE IN THE CASE OF NASAL FILLER INJECTION ON A PATIENT (Study of Supreme Court Decision Number 233 K/Pid.Sus/2021)
The medical profession plays a vital role in safeguarding human life and health; however, not all medical practices comply with professional standards and ethical codes, leading to ethical violations and medical malpractice. Malpractice may occur in the form of misdiagnosis, non-compliance with standard operating procedures, negligence, or the absence of valid informed consent, resulting in physical and psychological harm to patients. Although regulatory frameworks such as Law Number 29 of 2004 on Medical Practice and professional oversight bodies, including the Indonesian Medical Discipline Honorary Council (MKDKI) and the Medical Ethics Honorary Council (MKEK), are in place, enforcement and patient protection remain insufficient. Health is a fundamental right of every citizen, as reaffirmed in Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health, which mandates ethical and competent medical services. This study aims to identify forms of medical ethical violations committed by physicians and to analyze their legal accountability using a normative juridical approach, with reference to Supreme Court Decision Number 233 K/Pid.Sus/2021. The study finds that serious ethical breaches may constitute medical malpractice and entail legal responsibility.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wahyu Okta, Lola Yustrisia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE STRATEGIC POSITION OF BRIN'S BUSINESS INCUBATOR SERVICE AS A CATALYST FOR NATIONAL RESEARCH AND INNOVATION DOWNSTREAMING: AN INTEGRATED MCKINSEY 7S, PESTEL, AND SWOT ANALYSIS
This article analyzes the strategic position of the Business Incubation Service (LIB) at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) as a catalyst for the downstreaming of national research and innovation by integrating McKinsey 7S, PESTEL, and SWOT frameworks. This descriptive qualitative study uses primary data from observations and in-depth interviews with LIB BRIN managers, tenants, other incubator managers, and venture capitalists, as well as secondary data from official documents and policies related to research downstreaming. The PESTEL analysis reveals opportunities against the backdrop of threats from regulatory dynamics, fiscal pressures, and low national technological readiness, such as BRIN’s potential as an orchestrator of national technology incubators, a large and diverse domestic market, green economy trends, and ease of global networking. Through McKinsey 7S, LIB BRIN is identified as having strategic strengths such as relatively stable funding from research endowment funds, broad access to research resources, a focus on research-based incubation, and a strong identity as a research-based incubator. However, it still faces weaknesses, including the lack of dedicated incubation buildings, gaps in business mentor human capital competencies, limited ease of research access for entrepreneurs, and an immature service system. Integrating the 7S and PESTEL findings into a SWOT analysis shows that LIB BRIN’s strengths and opportunities outweigh its weaknesses and threats, indicating that the institution possesses strategic capital to strengthen its role in research downstreaming, with implications for the need to enhance governance, improve human capital capacity, develop supporting infrastructure, and mature a network-based incubation model with cross‑institutional collaboration.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arif Ardiawan, Siti Jahroh, Suhendi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF PRODUCTS AND PRICES ON CONSUMER SATISFACTION OF HIJAB STALLS. ZEE50 IN PONTIANAK CITY
The Muslim fashion industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly along with the increasing need for women to look fashionable but still in accordance with Islamic law. The city of Pontianak shows similar dynamics with the growth of local hijab businesses that are increasingly competitive, including Warung.zee50 as one of the business actors that has experienced significant development since its establishment in 2019. Warung.zee50's sales show an increasing trend from year to year, supported by innovative strategies in providing varied hijab products, affordable prices, and the utilization of digital marketing channels. Preliminary findings through observations and interviews show that product quality, material comfort, trend-following design, and pricing that suits consumer purchasing power play an important role in shaping customer satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the influence of products and prices on consumer satisfaction of Warung.zee50. The research uses a quantitative method with an associative approach. The research population is all consumers who have bought Warung.zee50 hijab products, with a total sample of 100 respondents determined through purposive sampling. Primary data was obtained through questionnaires and interviews, while secondary data came from sales documentation and social media searches. The instrument was tested using the Pearson validity test and Cronbach Alpha reliability. Data analysis included classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, and hypothesis testing using the F test and the t test. The results of the research are expected to be able to explain the extent to which product quality and price strategy contribute to consumer satisfaction, as well as provide an empirical picture for the development of Warung.zee50's business strategy in maintaining its competitive position in the hijab fashion industry in Pontianak City.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sukardi, Muhammad Deva Erlangga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND WORK DISCIPLINE THROUGH WORK INVOLVEMENT AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE IN IMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT THE MEDAN HELVETIA SUB-DISTRICT OFFICE
This study aims to analyze the influence of Organizational Culture and Work Discipline on Employee Performance with Work Engagement as a mediating variable at the Medan Helvetia Sub-District Office. This research employs a quantitative approach using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method to examine the relationships among variables. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to employees of the Medan Helvetia Sub-District Office. The results indicate that Organizational Culture has a positive and significant effect on Work Engagement but does not have a direct effect on Employee Performance. Work Discipline has a positive and significant effect on both Work Engagement and Employee Performance. Furthermore, the results show that Organizational Culture positively and significantly affects Work Engagement with an original sample value of 0.501 and a p-value of 0.000. Organizational Culture has a positive but not significant effect on Employee Performance with an original sample value of 0.120 and a p-value of 0.214. Work Discipline positively and significantly affects Work Engagement with an original sample value of 0.472 and a p-value of 0.000, and it also positively and significantly affects Employee Performance with an original sample value of 0.354 and a p-value of 0.000. Work Engagement positively and significantly affects Employee Performance with an original sample value of 0.479 and a p-value of 0.001. Organizational Culture positively and significantly influences Employee Performance through Work Engagement with an original sample value of 0.240 and a p-value of 0.005, while Work Discipline positively and significantly influences Employee Performance through Work Engagement with an original sample value of 0.226 and a p-value of 0.002.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hanifah, Kholilul Kholik, Darmilisani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE REPRESENTATION OF THE CULTURAL IDENTITY OF THE KOMERING ETHNIC GROUP IN THE SAMBUT SEBIDUK SEHALUAN DANCE IN EAST OGAN KOMERING ULU REGENCY
The Sambut Sebiduk Sehaluan Dance is a welcoming dance originating from East Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, South Sumatra, officially created in 2007 as a representation of the cultural identity of the Komering community. Historically, Komering culture does not stem from the Malay tradition but developed under the geographical and cultural influence of the neighboring Lampung region, while Malay elements emerged later through historical interactions, transmigration processes, and regional cultural policies following administrative division. This study aims to analyze the representation of Komering cultural identity in the Sambut Sebiduk Sehaluan Dance by examining the meaning of the dance’s name, movement structure and quality, its relationship with the Komering River, costumes, properties, and the religious values underlying its formation. The research employs a qualitative approach using dance ethnography, with data collected through performance observation, in-depth interviews with the founder of the art studio, and documentation and historical studies. The findings show that the concept of Sebiduk Sehaluan, meaning “one boat, one shared goal,” reflects the Komering community’s life philosophy centered on togetherness, harmony, and ecological relationships with the Komering River. The dance movements are dominated by flowing qualities inspired by the dynamics of the river and the community’s daily activities. Strong Islamic values are reflected in the dancers’ bodily ethics, spatial limitations of movement, and the ceremonial presentation of the tepak as a symbol of respect and openness. This dance represents Komering cultural identity rooted in river cosmology, Islamic religiosity, and the region’s historical dynamics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Riska Amanda, Rosta Minawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF THE NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE GENERAL ELECTION SUPERVISORY BODY IN HANDLING 2024 ELECTION VIOLATIONS
This study aims to analyze the role of the General Elections Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) of North Sumatra Province in handling violations of the 2024 Election. This study uses an empirical juridical method with a statutory regulatory approach and an empirical approach. Data were obtained through interviews and observations, and supported by primary and secondary legal materials. The results show that the Bawaslu of North Sumatra Province has carried out its role in handling election violations in accordance with statutory provisions. However, in practice, there are still normative obstacles in the form of legal gaps and multi-interpretable norms in the Election Law, Bawaslu Regulations, and technical guidelines for handling violations, which affect legal certainty in handling election violations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Romanus Marbun, Taufiq Siregar, M. Ridha Haykal Akmal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RESIDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF GAY TOURISM: EXPLORING ATTITUDES, SEXUAL PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION, AND PLACE IMAGE
While numerous studies have explored residents’ attitudes towards tourism in general, limited research exists on their perspectives towards gay tourism, especially in non-Western contexts. Most existing studies focus on Western countries, where there is generally higher acceptance of homosexuality, overlooking majority Muslim countries. Residents’ attitudes towards tourism are believed to be key factor in the sustainability of tourism development. This study aims to investigate the residents’ attitudes towards gay tourism. This study investigates residents’ attitudes towards gay tourism, focusing on the influence of place image, perceived impacts, and sexual prejudice. The study finds a significant positive relationship between perceived economic and socio-cultural impacts and residents’ supportive attitudes towards gay tourism. However, no correlation is found between place image and attitudes, while sexual prejudice and discrimination play a role in shaping negative attitudes towards gay tourism. This research provides an analysis of the perceptions of gay tourism among residents by incorporating, for the first time, the variables of place image and sexual prejudice toward tourism and cultural studies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmat Satria Harmi, Febrian Nur Ramadhan, M Rasyid Fauzirin, Roozbeh Babolian Hendijani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE AUTHORITY AND ROLE OF THE REGIONAL HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN REALIZING CLEAN GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS IN THE ERA OF REGIONAL AUTONOMY
The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945 regulates the House of Representatives (DPR) and regional autonomous government. Articles 18 to 18B of the 1945 Constitution discuss the division of regions and the regional government system, and Articles 19 and 20 of the 1945 Constitution regulate the DPR. In Indonesia, the House of Representatives is a state institution representing the people tasked with carrying out legislative, budgeting, and oversight functions over the performance of the government. In relation to local governments, the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) and the local government are equal partners in administering regional governance, where the DPRD has the primary functions of legislation (enacting regional regulations), budgeting (preparing and approving the regional budget), and supervision (overseeing the implementation of regional regulations and local government policies), while the local government (led by the Head of the Region) has the function of executing regional regulations and local policies. They work together synergistically, with open communication, to ensure that development policies and programs meet the needs of the community and are implemented effectively and accountably. With the problem formulation being what are the inhibiting factors faced by the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) in realizing a clean government apparatus in the era of regional autonomy. The purpose of this research is to identify the inhibiting factors faced by the DPRD in realizing a clean government apparatus in the era of regional autonomy. The benefits of the research include academic benefits, theoretical benefits, and practical benefits. The research methods consist of: type of research, nature of research, approach method, data sources (primary legal materials and secondary legal materials), data collection techniques, and data analysis methods. That based on the research results, the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) is not performing its duties optimally due to limitations in human resource quality, lack of knowledge about regulations, procedures, and policies, as well as insufficient DPRD studies and a lack of intention to realize a clean government.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amos Harita, Tamaulina Br. Sembiring, Ali Yusran Gea https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RISK MANAGEMENT OF TIE BACK REDESIGN ON THE CENGKARENG DRAIN
The coastal area of ​​North Jakarta faces significant pressure due to land subsidence, sea level rise, and complex hydrodynamics. These conditions increase the risk of failure of coastal protection structures, especially in retaining walls with corrugated concrete sheet piles (CCSP). This study aims to analyze risk management in the redesign of the coastal protection tie-back system at the Cengkareng Drain site, DKI Jakarta. The research method combines qualitative and quantitative approaches through field observations, document studies, expert interviews, and risk analysis using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The analysis results indicate that technical risks in the form of slope instability and lateral deformation of the CCSP are prioritized risks with a very high category. The application of the tie-back system in the redesign was able to reduce lateral deformation from 59.6 cm to 37.1 cm and increase the safety factor to 1.521. This study confirms that an integrated risk management approach is effective in supporting decision-making for more reliable and sustainable coastal protection structure redesign.
Copyright (c) 2026 Egy Nafriro Lazuardi, Endah Kurniyaningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE IMPACT OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA GEOPOLITICAL CONFLICT ON INDONESIA'S INTERNATIONAL TRADE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF RISK PERCEPTION AND LOGISTICS EFFICIENCY
Geopolitical tensions in the South China Sea (SCS) represent a significant external factor that may affect Indonesia’s international trade. As one of the world’s major maritime trade routes, escalating conflicts in the SCS can increase economic uncertainty and weaken national logistics performance. This study aims to analyze the impact of South China Sea geopolitical conflict on Indonesia’s international trade by examining the mediating roles of risk perception and logistics efficiency. The study employs a quantitative causal explanatory approach using quarterly time series data from 2020Q1 to 2024Q4 (n = 20). Geopolitical conflict is proxied by the Geopolitical Risk Index (GPR), risk perception is measured by Indonesia’s World Uncertainty Index (WUI), logistics efficiency is represented by the Logistics Performance Index (LPI), and international trade is measured by total export and import values. Data analysis methods include descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, linear regression, and mediation tests using the Baron and Kenny approach and the Sobel test. The results show that geopolitical conflict has a significant positive effect on risk perception and a significant negative effect on logistics efficiency. Geopolitical conflict also has a significant negative effect on international trade in the direct model. However, after incorporating the mediating variables, the direct effect becomes insignificant. Risk perception and logistics efficiency are found to fully mediate the relationship between geopolitical conflict and Indonesia’s international trade.
Copyright (c) 2026 Riza Aini, Leni Hartati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEGAL REVIEW OF ABUSE OF POWER BY REGIONAL HEADS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
This study aims to examine the legal aspects of abuse of power by regional heads from a constitutional law perspective. Regional heads, as public officials, have limited authority regulated by laws and regulations. However, in practice, it is not uncommon to find regional heads who abuse their authority for personal or group interests, which ultimately harms the public interest and violates the principles of democracy and the rule of law. The method used in this study is a normative legal approach, by examining relevant laws and regulations, such as Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government and Law Number 30 of 2014. The results of the study indicate that abuse of power by regional heads constitutes a violation of the principles of accountability, transparency, and the rule of law in the Indonesian constitutional system. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the supervisory system and a firm law enforcement mechanism to prevent and prosecute abuse of power by regional heads. This study recommends reformulating the supervisory and guidance policies for regional heads as an effort to strengthen the principles of good governance in the implementation of regional government.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pasrah Kasih Sejati Hulu, Janpatar Simamora, Budiman Sinaga3. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CLASSIFICATION OF MIGRAINE TYPES BASED ON SYMPTOMS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Migraine is a complex neurological disorder with heterogeneous clinical manifestations, making accurate subtype classification difficult using conventional diagnostic approaches. Diagnostic inaccuracies may result in inappropriate treatment and suboptimal patient outcomes. This study proposes an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to classify migraine subtypes based on patient-reported symptoms and clinical characteristics. A publicly available dataset containing 400 instances and 24 features—including demographic data, aura symptoms, neurological and autonomic indicators, genetic history, and disease burden—was utilized. Data preprocessing involved feature standardization, label encoding, and one-hot encoding, followed by an 80:20 split for training and testing. The ANN architecture comprised an input layer with 23 neurons, two hidden layers with 64 and 32 neurons using ReLU activation, and a seven-neuron output layer with softmax activation. The model was trained using the Adam optimizer and categorical cross-entropy loss for 50 epochs. Experimental results showed that the proposed model achieved a training accuracy of 91.56% and a testing accuracy of 93.00%, demonstrating strong generalization performance and effective learning of complex, non-linear symptom patterns. These results indicate that ANN-based classification has significant potential as a clinical decision-support tool for improving migraine subtype diagnosis and enabling more personalized treatment strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Kahfi Aulia, Nanang Prihatin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF TEACHERS IN DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (2020-2025)
Critical thinking is a fundamental skill that enables students to analyze, evaluate, and reflect on information to make reasoned decisions and solve complex problems. Teachers play a pivotal role in nurturing these skills through their instructional strategies, professional beliefs, and classroom practices. The study systematically reviews studies conducted from 2020 to 2025 to examine how teachers contribute to the development of critical thinking across educational settings. Using secondary data from empirical studies, review articles, and meta-analyses, the study identifies key teaching strategies, professional development practices, and institutional factors that influence students’ cognitive growth. Findings indicate that active learning approaches, including problem-based learning, Socratic questioning, collaborative learning, and reflective activities, significantly enhance critical thinking. Teacher beliefs, continuous professional development, and supportive institutional policies further strengthen these outcomes. Challenges such as rigid curricula, assessment pressures, and limited resources can impede effective implementation. The study highlights the need for an integrated approach combining capable teachers, innovative pedagogy, and conducive educational frameworks to cultivate critical thinking as a lifelong skill.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nargis Rashid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PROVISION AND REJUVENATION OF LEARNING SUPPORT FACILITIES AT MTs BAITUL MUBAROK, KUBU RAYA REGENCY
The limited learning facilities at MTs Baitul Mubarok, including the absence of classroom ceilings, damaged doors, and unfit desks, chairs, and whiteboards, have hindered comfort and safety in the learning process. The Community Service Program (PKM) of the Civil Engineering Department at Politeknik Negeri Pontianak was carried out to provide and refurbish these facilities while offering practical learning experiences for students. The method included situation analysis, planning, material preparation, product fabrication in the workshop, and delivery to the partner. The program produced 36 desks, 76 chairs, 3 whiteboards, and 3 sets of classroom doors, all meeting the standards of Permendiknas No. 24/2007. The activity improved the quality of learning facilities, enhanced student comfort, and strengthened students' technical skills and social awareness, although ceiling repairs could not be completed due to budget limitations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asmadi, Sarpawi, Rizal, Iwan Supardi, Helyanto, Rona Ariyansyah, Muhammad Taufik Habibillah Ibnu Ahmad, Rasiwan, Muhammad Abduh, Susi Hariyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF THE PURWAREJA KLAMPOK-BANJARNEGARA RAILWAY LINE DURING THE DUTCH COLONIAL PERIOD, 1898-1942
Banjarnegara is an area in the Banyumas Residency that is crossed by a railway line. The line was built during the Dutch colonial period. Traces of this line can still be seen today. This is why this research needs to be conducted, namely to find out (a) How was the railway line through Purwareja Klampok-Banjarnegara built? (b) How was the Purwareja Klampok-Banjarnegara railway line used? (c) What was the fate of the Purwareja Klampok-Banjarnegara line during the Dutch colonial period? This research was conducted using historical research methods. Historical research methods consist of several stages, namely topic selection, heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The results of this research are as follows: (a) The Purwareja Klampok-Banjarnegara line was part of a line operated by the Serajoedal Stoomtram Maatschappijj company, which was built in 1895 and completed in 1988. (b) The Purwareja Klampok-Banjarnegara line was used to transport industrial products, goods, and people, or for public transportation. (c) The Purwareja Klampok-Banjarnegara line ended with various problems, namely the Malaise and the Dutch East Indies occupation by Japan. Thus, the history of railways in Banjarnegara once had its heyday. In addition, the use of rail transportation was also quite important in supporting transportation modes in the region, boosting the community's economy, and contributing to national development efforts
Copyright (c) 2026 Iskandar, Aan Andriawan, Grizaldi Nauval Aalfaqih, Dwi Miftakhul Huda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
GREEN MARKETING AND SUSTAINABILITY OF SMES BUSINESS: THE ROLE OF ENVIROPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AS MEDIATING VARIABLE
Purpose: This study aims to test and analyze the influence of green marketing on the sustainability of MSME businesses through environmental orientation. Design/methodology/approach: The sample for this study was SMEs registered with the Tangerang City Department of Industry, Trade, Cooperatives, and Small and Medium Enterprises (Disperindagkop UKM) using a combination of the Slovin and purposive sampling methods. Based on Tangerang City Government data as of March 2024, 58,692 MSMEs had obtained business identification numbers. Using this data collection technique, 100 final respondents were selected for further analysis to test the hypotheses. The data analysis technique used structural equation modeling-partial least squares (SEM-PLS). Findings: The results of this study found that green marketing has a positive and significant effect on environmental orientation, environmental orientation has a positive and significant effect on the sustainability of SMEs businesses, green marketing has a positive and significant effect on the sustainability of SMEs businesses, and environmental orientation can mediate the effect of green marketing on the sustainability of SMEs businesses. Originality/value: This study offers an original contribution by examining the role of environmental orientation as a mediating variable in the relationship between green marketing and the limited business sustainability of SMEs. This contrasts with previous research, which generally emphasizes the direct influence of green marketing on SMEs business sustainability. This study demonstrates that SMEs business sustainability is more effectively achieved when green marketing is able to shape an environmentally-based entrepreneurial orientation. This research also enriches the literature on the context of MSMEs in developing countries, particularly at the urban level, and expands the application of the Resource-Based View (RBV) by positioning green marketing as a strategic resource that drives SMEs internal capabilities to achieve business sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dahlia Amelia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PERAN MEDIASI FEAR OF MISSING OUT (FOMO) PADA PENGARUH TWIN DATE DAN SHOPPING LIFESTYLE TERHADAP IMPULSIVE BUYING GENERASI Z PENGGUNA SHOPEE DI KOTA PALU
Penelitian ini Menganalisis Pengaruh Twin Date Dan Shopping Lifestyle Terhadap Impulsive Buying dengan Fear of Missing Out (Fomo) berperan sebagai variabel mediasi pada generasi Z pengguna shopee di kota Palu Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan analisis Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) terhadap 100 responden yang memmenuhi kriteria Generasi Z (lahir 1997-2012) yang telah bertransaksi minimal dua kali di Shopee dan tinggal di Kota Palu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik Twin Date maupun Shopping Lifestyle mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Fear of Missing Out (Fomo) serta Impulsive Buying . Selain itu, dengan memediasi Fear of Missing Out (Fomo) secara parsial komplementer kedua jalur. Temuan ini menandakan strategi promosi Twin Date dan gaya hidup belanja memperkuat dorongan emosional konsumen, sehingga Platform e-commerce seperti Shopee dapat memanfaatkannya untuk meningkatkan penjualan spontan pada Generasi Z.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muh Fajar Muzakkir, Ponirin, Syamsul Bahri Dg. Parani, Asriadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPROVEMENT THE XGBOOST MODEL IN DETERMINING NBA GAME WIN DETERMINANTS: A BAYESIAN HYPERPARAMETER OPTIMIZATION AND SHAP APPROACH
In the era of modern sports analytics, post-game team performance evaluation is often conducted subjectively. This study aims to develop an objective diagnostic model to identify the key technical–statistical factors that determine victories in the NBA, grounded in the principle of game efficiency. Using box-score statistical data from the 2004–2024 seasons, this research employs the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm [2], optimized through the Tree-structured Parzen Estimator (TPE) method within the Optuna framework [3], to classify game outcomes. The experimental results demonstrate highly precise model performance, achieving an accuracy of 95.2% and an F1-score of 0.96. Interpretability analysis using the SHAP (Shapley Additive exPlanations) method [4] reveals that dominance in Shooting Efficiency (EFG%) and Player Impact Estimate (PIE) constitutes the absolute determinants of victory, followed by the minimization of turnovers. Furthermore, counterfactual simulations provide diagnostic insights indicating that an increase in a single statistic (e.g., +5 assists) without a corresponding improvement in shooting efficiency actually reduces the probability of winning (from 0.61 to 0.26). This finding suggests the phenomenon of “empty assists,” where ball movement does not translate into effective scoring opportunities. This study contributes a performance-auditing framework that enables coaches and analysts to retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of game strategies in an objective and data-driven manner
Copyright (c) 2026 Fija Ramadhan, Ahmad Zainul Fanani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
E-PERCEIVED VALUE AND E-PERCEIVED RISK ON E-LOYALTY WITH E-COMMERCE AS A MODERATING VARIABLE IN CONVENTIONAL BANKING (PRIVATE BANKS) IN INDONESIA
The era of Digitalization 5.0 has brought significant changes in digital consumer behavior, particularly in Indonesia's conventional banking sector. Digital banking transaction values have reached Rp72,000 trillion with growth exceeding 11% year-over-year. However, approximately 37% of millennial customers are ready to switch to other banks if digital services become more efficient or offer greater added value. This research analyzes the influence of E-Perceived Value (EPV) and E-Perceived Risk (EPR) on E-Loyalty (ELOY) with E-Commerce (ECOM) as a moderating variable in conventional private banks in Indonesia. The research employs a quantitative explanatory method with 250 respondents who are digital banking service users. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis results demonstrate that EPV has a significant positive effect on ELOY (β = 0.497; p < 0.001), EPR has a significant negative effect on ELOY (β = -0.10; p < 0.01), and ECOM acts as a moderating variable that strengthens the EPV-ELOY relationship (β = 0.128; p < 0.01) while weakening the EPR effect on ELOY. The model demonstrates excellent goodness-of-fit with Chi-square = 125.684 (p-value = 0.254 > 0.05), RMSEA = 0.018 (< 0.05), and CFI = 0.957 (> 0.90). These findings provide strategic implications for bank management in building digital customer loyalty through enhanced perceived value, risk minimization, and strong e-commerce service integration.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE IMPACT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON FIRM VALUE WITH PROFITABILITY AS A MODERATING VARIABLE: EVIDENCE FROM CONSUMER GOODS COMPANIES LISTED ON INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE
This study investigates the impact of capital structure on firm value with profitability as a moderating variable in consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2019-2023. Utilizing signaling theory and trade-off theory as the theoretical framework, this research examines whether the relationship between capital structure and firm value is contingent upon the level of profitability. The sample comprises 35 consumer goods companies selected through purposive sampling, resulting in 175 firm-year observations. Capital structure is measured using Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), firm value is proxied by Price to Book Value (PBV), and profitability is measured using Return on Assets (ROA). The analytical method employed is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with panel data regression using EViews 13. The findings reveal that capital structure has a significant negative effect on firm value. Furthermore, profitability significantly strengthens the negative relationship between capital structure and firm value. These results suggest that highly profitable firms experience greater value deterioration when employing higher leverage. The findings contribute to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the moderating role of profitability in emerging market contexts and offer practical implications for corporate financial decision-making.
Copyright (c) 2026 Benni Sumarman, Etty Sri Wahyuni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HAJJ PILGRIM PROTECTION POLICY WEST JAVA PROVINCE AT THE BEKASI HAJJ DORMITORY (STUDY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HAJJ PILGRIMAGE IN 2023 - 2025)
The weak enforcement of area order, the regulation of pilgrims entering/exiting the area, and the supervision of pilgrims' belongings, as mandated in Law Number 8 of 2019 concerning Hajj and Umrah Organization, indicates that the implementation of the Hajj pilgrim protection policy at the Bekasi Hajj Dormitory has not been optimal. This research aims to explore the factors contributing to the non-optimal implementation of the protection policy for Hajj pilgrims from West Java Province at the Bekasi Hajj Dormitory and to formulate strategies for optimizing the implementation of the Hajj Pilgrim protection policy for West Java Province at the Bekasi Hajj Dormitory. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach and a case study method on the Hajj implementation in 2023 – 2025 at the Bekasi Hajj Dormitory. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews with 12 key informants from the Bekasi Hajj Dormitory; Class I Health Quarantine Center Bandung; Bekasi City Resort Police; Bekasi City Ministry of Religious Affairs; Bekasi Hajj Dormitory Cooperative; Hajj Pilgrims from West Java Province for the years 2023 – 2025; and document review. The results show that the factors causing the non-optimal implementation of the Hajj pilgrim protection policy for West Java Province at the Bekasi Hajj Dormitory are: (1) availability of regulations, (2) availability of resources, (3) attitude of implementers, (4) policy communication, (5) implementation coordination, and (6) the attitude of the Hajj pilgrims. Five strategies were formulated to make the implementation of the Hajj pilgrim protection policy for West Java Province at the Bekasi Hajj Dormitory more optimal based on the analysis results: (1) establishing a Pos Silaturahim (Friendship Post), (2) regulating seasonal workers, (3) increasing the frequency of message delivery, (4) adding CCTV cameras, and (5) installing a CCTV monitor at the Security Post.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Isti Anggraini, R. N. Afsdy Saksono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL PROMOTION AND SCHOOL IMAGE ON STUDENTS' DECISIONS TO CHOOSE A SCHOOL THROUGH INTEREST AS A MEDIATION VARIABLE AT STATE VOCATIONAL SCHOOL 2 PEMATANG SIANTAR
The development of information technology in the past five years has significantly impacted the way schools communicate and attract prospective students, with social media, websites, and digital platforms becoming the primary sources of information for parents and students. This study aims to analyze the influence of digital promotion and school image on school choice decisions through interest as a mediating variable at SMK Negeri 2 Pematang Siantar. Digital promotion, which involves a series of marketing activities utilizing digital media, can build closer relationships with audiences and influence school choice decisions. School image, formed through the experiences, information, and achievements displayed, plays a significant role in shaping prospective students' perceptions of the quality of education offered. This study used a quantitative method with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis to test the direct and indirect effects between the variables studied. The results showed that digital promotion had a positive and significant effect on student choice decisions and interest. School image also had a positive effect on interest, although it was not significant on the decision to choose directly. Student interest proved to be a significant mediating variable between digital promotion, school image, and choice decisions. These findings provide important contributions to school communication strategies, particularly in enhancing digital promotion and strengthening the school's image to attract new prospective students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jerriwanto Pontus Regen Sitorus, Husni Muharram Ritonga, Nurafrina Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STRATEGIC USE OF DIGITAL MARKETING TO BOOST BRAND AWARENESS IN CREATIVE AGENCIES: THE CASE OF ALICYART STUDIO, JAKARTA
Alicyart Studio, a creative agency based in Jakarta, Indonesia has been experiencing low brand awareness on its Instagram account. This purpose of this study is to find strategic recommendation to enhance Alicyart Studio’s brand awareness using digital marketing. There several factors on why Alicyart Studio is experiencing this issue are inconsistent posting schedule, the absence of paid digital advertising, and an unclear marketing communication. The low brand awareness affects Alicyart Studio’s revenue because it limits Alicyart Studio’s ability to attract new potential clients and compete in Jakarta’s creative agency market. This research aims to identify the key factors that contribute to the low brand awareness, as well as finding strategic digital marketing approach that is suitable to be implemented by Alicyart Studio or other small creative agencies in Jakarta. An interrupted time series using quasi-experimental research design was conducted to evaluate Alicyart Studio’s Instagram performance and changes in the audience perception during the pre-treatment (baseline) and post-treatment periods. The experiment lasts for four weeks to test which content pillars (functional, emotional, educational, and agile) has the highest performance and each pillar was tested for one week. The key performance indicators include observing the number of reaches, engagement, follower growth, and profile visits. In addition, mixed-method research was conducted by obtaining quantitative and qualitative data. The online survey was conducted twice during both periods with 150 respondents, and is analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and cross-tabulation. Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interview targeting Alicyart Studio’s existing clients, followers, and potential clients during the post-treatment period and were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show that the educational and functional content pillars are the pillars with the highest performance, while emotional pillar act as a complementary to build brand’s trust. On the other hand, agile content has the lowest impact on Alicyart Studio’s brand awareness since its primary function was only to stay relevant with the current trends. During the implementation of the treatment, this study applied integrated marketing communication, content pillar strategy, and paid digital advertising to improve Alicyart Studio’s brand awareness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rania Alicya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DESIGNING A BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE DASHBOARD FOR DEMAND-DRIVEN INVENTORY MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF MEDIKLUG PHARMACEUTICAL DISTRIBUTION COMPANY
In pharmaceutical distribution, balancing high product variety with fluctuating demand is a constant challenge. When inventory decisions don’t reflect actual customer usage, companies face a frustrating cycle of stock-outs for popular items and dusty shelves for slow-movers—eventually hurting the bottom line. Mediklug, a healthcare tech firm, faced this exact issue; despite having detailed clinic-level consumption data from their EMR system, they saw a significant revenue dip in late 2025. This study explores how to bridge that gap using Demand-Driven Supply Chain (DDSC) principles. By leveraging Business Intelligence (BI), we aimed to turn Mediklug’s "data wealth" into actual insights. The research focused on three areas: identifying where demand and inventory were mismatched, building a BI dashboard to guide better purchasing, and seeing if the team would actually find the tool useful. We took a mixed-methods approach, cleaning up messy EMR data to match inventory records and interviewing the people on the front lines. The results were clear: the mismatches were systemic, but the new dashboard made demand much easier to see and manage. Most importantly, the stakeholders found the solution practical and easy to use. Ultimately, this case shows that even in complex pharmaceutical environments, BI can make "demand-driven" management a reality rather than just a theory.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nicolaus Ernest Mamonto, Leo Aldianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EKSPLORASI PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE DALAM KUALITAS AUDIT– SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
The rapid evolution of digital technology has significantly transformed the landscape of the public accounting profession. One of the most disruptive innovations is the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within auditing processes. This study aims to explore how the integration of AI technology affects audit quality and to identify the opportunities and challenges arising from its implementation. The research methodology employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of reputable journal articles published over the last ten years. The literature selection process followed the PRISMA protocol to ensure transparency and objectivity of the findings. The analysis was conducted on various literatures discussing the use of machine learning, natural language processing, and robotic process automation in auditing procedures. The results of the literature review indicate that the application of AI contributes positively to the improvement of audit quality through more accurate anomaly detection, real-time processing of large data volumes, and the reduction of human error risks. AI enables auditors to shift from sample-based testing toward full population auditing, which directly enhances the level of audit assurance. However, this study also identifies crucial challenges such as algorithmic ethics, the need for new digital competencies for auditors, and the high cost of technological infrastructure investment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Milenia Hadiwianti, Syafrizal Ikram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BREACH OF CONTRACT AGAINST CONSUMERS IN CREDIT-BASED HOME PURCHASES AT DR HOUSING COMPLEX, BUKITTINGGI CITY
This study discusses breach of contract against consumers in purchasing houses on credit at Housing Complex in Bukittinggi City. The purpose of this study is to identify the consequences of breach of contract experienced by consumers and the legal protection provided to the aggrieved consumers. This research uses an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach, involving primary data from observations and interviews, as well as secondary data from legal literature and legislation. The results show that breaches such as delays in house handover and discrepancies in specifications cause both material and immaterial losses for consumers. Informal additional agreements that are not made formally and do not involve official developer parties weaken the consumers’ legal position. Legal protection regulated under the Civil Code and Law Number 8 Year 1999 on Consumer Protection has not been optimally implemented due to consumers’ lack of understanding, informal agreements, and complicated bureaucracy. The study recommends the necessity of formal agreements, increased supervision, legal education, and simplification of dispute resolution processes to strengthen legal protection for consumers of houses purchased on credit.
Copyright (c) 2026 Satria Wahyudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF OCB GREEN EMPLOYEES IN SUPPORTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SIGI GREEN REGIONAL REGULATION IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICE OF SIGI REGENCY
The implementation of local environmental policies is not solely determined by formal regulations , but also by the discretionary behavior of public employees as policy implementers . This study aims to analyze the role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior for the Environment (OCB Green) in supporting the implementation of Sigi Regency Regulation No. 4 of 2019 on Sigi Hijau at the Environmental Agency of Sigi Regency. A qualitative descriptive approach with a constructivist paradigm was employed . Data were collected through in- depth interviews , field observations , and document analysis involving eight informants selected using snowball sampling. Thematic analysis was conducted based on three OCB Green dimensions : eco- initiatives , eco- helping , and eco- civic engagement . The findings reveal that policy implementation is significantly strengthened by employees ' extra-role behaviors . Eco- initiatives enhance internalization of environmental values , eco- helping reinforces a green organizational culture , and eco- civic engagement extends policy impacts to the community . These results indicate that OCB Green functions as an informal mechanism bridging formal policy and practical implementation , thereby improving the effectiveness of local environmental governance
Copyright (c) 2026 Octhavianny Mercynta, Risnawati, Lina Mahardiana, Faruq Lamusa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE UTILIZATION BY TEACHERS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS AT SCHOOL CLUSTER III, NORTH KUTA DISTRICT
This study was conducted in response to the continued dominance of teacher-centered instructional methods that limit media variation, teacher creativity, and student engagement. This study aims to identify the profile of teachers’ utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI), its role in the teaching and learning process, its contribution to teachers’ competence and creativity, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors influencing AI utilization. A quantitative approach using a survey method was employed. The population consisted of all elementary school teachers in School Cluster III, North Kuta District, with 58 teachers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a validated and reliable Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results indicate that the profile of AI utilization by teachers is categorized as high. The role of AI in teaching and learning is also high, particularly in lesson planning and implementation, while its utilization in learning evaluation remains moderate. AI contributes positively to teachers’ competence and creativity by fostering reflective and innovative teaching practices. Supporting factors are categorized as high, whereas inhibiting factors are moderate. Overall, teachers demonstrate good readiness to utilize AI, although continuous training is necessary to optimize its implementation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Luh Nita Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOCUSED ON STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT IN PERTAMINA’S BOYOLALI–PENGAPON PIPELINE PROJECT
The Boyolali–Pengapon pipeline project is a national‐priority infrastructure initiative by PT Pertamina Patra Niaga. The project that seeks to improve Central Java’s fuel distribution faces stakeholder challenges that are intricate. From securing government approval, acquiring land, and managing relationship with the local communities, an effective stakeholder engagement framework is crucial to ensure the project stays on its schedule and budget. In accordance to that, this study analyzes the application of Pertamina’s stakeholder engagement in the Boyolali-Pengapon pipeline project. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with Pertamina project managers, government regulators, local community representatives, and the pipeline’s engineering partner, supplemented by analysis of project documents and reports. Thematic analysis was conducted using stakeholder mapping tools (the Stakeholder Salience Model and Power–Interest Grid) in line with PMI’s stakeholder engagement processes. The study’s objectives are to identify the project’s key stakeholders and their interests, assess the engagement practices used, document stakeholder-related issues, and evaluate how the stakeholder management approach affected the project’s schedule, cost, and community acceptance. The research finds suggest managing stakeholder proactively benefited the project result significant. Major delays were prevented through early engagement. Challenges of land acquisition and permit were also present, yet were not a hindrance for the project as they were addressed through negotiation and collaboration with local authorities. Consequently, the disruption avoided from legal disputes that might be costly and the small investments made in engagement helps the project to stay on budget. All in all, the case shows that large infrastucture projects needs a formal stakeholder engagement process to schedule compliance, keep cost controlled, and gain support from the local community.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iwan Setiawan, Gatot Yudoko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
NEEDS ANALYSIS FOR THE EVALUATION OF TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAMS WITHIN THE MINISTRY OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS IN MALUKU AND NORTH MALUKU PROVINCES
This study aims to (1) Identify the evaluation needs of teacher training programs within the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Maluku and North Maluku Provinces; (2) Analyze the factors that influence evaluation needs in the context of the island provinces; and (3) Describe the evaluation practices that have been implemented and examine the extent to which these practices meet the identified evaluation needs. The method used in this study is qualitative. The subjects in this study were two teachers. The data collection techniques used were non-test methods, including interviews and document analysis. Data analysis was carried out through three stages, namely: (1) Data Reduction, (2) Data Display, and (3) Conclusion Drawing and data verification. The results of the study indicate that (1) Teachers within the Ministry of Religious Affairs require systematic, continuous and comprehensive evaluation of training programs; (2) The need for teacher training evaluation is significantly influenced by the context of the island region such as geographical factors, limited electricity and internet infrastructure, and sea transportation constraints that affect the implementation and evaluation models that can be applied and (3) Current teacher training evaluation practices are still oriented towards process evaluation and participant satisfaction. The research findings are expected to provide contextual recommendations for developing teacher-training evaluation models that are relevant to the characteristics of the Maluku and North Maluku regions, as well as further strengthening the evaluation system within the Ministry of Religion.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arsyil Waritsman, Theresia Laurens, Izaak Hendrik Wenno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INNOVATIVE MSME DEVELOPMENT AND CREATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICIES: A NEW PATH FOR THE LAMONGAN PEOPLE'S ECONOMY TO RISE TO A HIGHER LEVEL
UMKM and creative entrepreneurs are the lifeblood of the Indonesian economy. However, the reality on the ground shows that the majority of UMKM remain micro-scale. Most tend to be subsistence, operate in the informal sector, are not connected to broader supply chains, have minimal access to formal financing, and are highly vulnerable to external shocks. Therefore, a method is needed to emphasize that regional economic independence is determined more by innovative local policies, strong social relationships, and cross-actor collaboration, rather than simply waiting for large investments. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Research techniques included interviews, focus group discussions, documentation studies, and observations. The findings suggest that to create sustainable growth, innovation and productivity must be the primary focus. Without encouragement to innovate and building a strong supporting ecosystem, MSMEs risk stagnation. To achieve this, three essential foundations must be met: local institutions that support a conducive business climate, capacity and innovation to increase competitiveness and professionalism, and relationships between local actors that strengthen social networks and locally-based innovation capacity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yuhronur Efendi, Muhammad Chusnul Khitam, Beni Aprilian Nirwansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRADING VOLUME AND ABNORMAL RETURN BEFORE AND AFTER TRADING HALT ON MARCH 18 2025 AT THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE
Studi ini menganalisis dampak trading halt terhadap aktivitas volume perdagangan dan abnormal return di bursa efek indonesia selama trading halt pada 18 maret 2025. Menggunakan desain studi peristiwa quasi-eksperimental, analisis mencakup lima hari sebelum dan setelah penghentian perdagangan untuk empat bank milik negara yang terdaftar di IDX. Data dianalisis menggunakan alat SPSS ver.25 dan teknik uji t sampel berpasangan. Hasil menunjukkan tidak ada perubahan signifikan abnormal return, tetapi aktivitas volume perdagangan meningkat secara signifikan setelah perdagangan dilanjutkan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penghentian perdagangan secara efektif meningkatkan likuiditas pasar tanpa menyebabkan volatilitas harga.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bayu Sujud anugrah, Fatlina Zainuddin, Munawarah, Nini Andriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BETWEEN HOBBY AND CRIME: CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR AIR GUN POSSESSION
Air gun ownership in Indonesia is often seen as part of a shooting hobby or recreational sport. However, in practice, air guns also have the potential to be misused, posing a threat to public order and public safety. The main issues in this study are the boundaries between air gun ownership as a legitimate activity and acts that can be qualified as criminal offenses, as well as the forms of criminal liability that can be imposed on the owner. This study aims to analyze the legal regulation of air guns in Indonesian legislation and examine the application of criminal liability for their ownership and misuse. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory and conceptual approach, through a review of police regulations, the Criminal Code, and relevant court decisions. The results showed that the ownership of an air gun is not automatically a criminal offense, as long as it meets the licensing requirements and is used according to its designation. However, unlicensed possession or use that causes threat, injury, or public unrest can lead to criminal liability. This study emphasizes the importance of legal certainty and supervision to keep air guns within the realm of safe and responsible hobby.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yuli Dian Fatmawati, Sunardi, Ahmad Syaifudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FEASIBILITY AND STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF MARKET ENTRY FOR 3D MAPPING SERVICES IN INDONESIA’S EMERGING SECTOR
Global advancements in mapping technology contrast with Indonesia’s limited adoption, which remains concentrated in mining and government. As revenue from these sectors declines, PT Geo Indonesia must diversify. This qualitative study examines the feasibility of entering alternative sectors using stakeholder interviews and secondary data. Findings identify three market segments: traditional sectors with slowing demand, emerging engineering sectors facing constraints, and high-potential creative sectors. Analysis reveals favorable external digitalization trends and strong internal technical expertise, despite gaps in marketing and human resources. Application of Porter’s Three Essential Tests confirms that diversification into 3D mapping is attractive and synergistic. The study recommends a dual targeting strategy: prioritizing the creative industry for rapid penetration while building long-term engineering capabilities in architecture, property, and oil and gas. This research provides practical guidance for PT Geo-Indonesia's diversification and market entry strategies in the geospatial sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Husnia Nur Annisa, Harimukti Wandebori https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF BUDGET MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN RESOURCE QUALITY ON BUDGET ABSORPTION THROUGH ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AS A MODERATOR : A CASE STUDY AT THE REGIONAL OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL LAND AGENCY IN EAST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE, INDONESIA
This study analyzes the effect of Budget Management and Human Resource Quality on Budget Absorption through Organizational Commitment as a moderating variable in 23 Work Units within the East Nusa Tenggara Provincial Office of the National Land Agency. This study involved 230 respondents who were directly involved in the budget management process. Data analysis was performed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. The results showed that budget planning, budget implementation, and budget revision had a positive and significant effect on budget absorption, while HR quality had a significant but negative effect on budget absorption. These findings reveal that respondents with higher education levels tend to have greater risk awareness and are therefore more cautious in realizing the budget. In addition, the respondents' competencies, which are not linear with the tasks performed, are considered to hinder the effectiveness of budget absorption. However, the SEM-PLS analysis emphasizes that the magnitude of the influence is determined by the path coefficient value, not by the positive or negative influence. Meanwhile, organizational commitment was not proven to moderate the relationship between budget planning, budget implementation, budget revision, and human resource quality on budget absorption, as evidenced by all insignificant moderation p-values. Overall, the results of the study confirm that budget planning, budget implementation, budget revision, and HR quality play an important role in increasing budget absorption. Therefore, optimization of budget management needs to be accompanied by strengthening HR capacity so that budget absorption performance can be achieved optimally.
Copyright (c) 2026 Delvia V Naisanu, Petrus Kase, Ajis Salim Adang Djaha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL READINESS AND TPACK OF PGSD STUDENTS IN FACING THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF BASIC EDUCATION
Digital transformation in basic education requires prospective teachers to possess adequate digital readiness and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) competence. This study aims to analyze the level of digital readiness and TPACK competence of students in the Primary School Teacher Education (PGSD) Program in facing the digital transformation of basic education. This study employs a descriptive quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected from 95 PGSD students through digital readiness and TPACK questionnaires using a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted descriptively, including mean, median, standard deviation, percentage, and categorization into low, medium, and high levels. The results show that students’ digital readiness is in the high category (M = 4.04), while TPACK competence is also in the high category (M = 3.81). Dimensional analysis indicates that students have good mastery of access and basic digital skills, but the pedagogical integration of technology in learning still needs to be strengthened. These findings indicate that PGSD students are generally ready to face digital transformation; however, strengthening integrative TPACK-based learning is still highly necessary in teacher education programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eko Purnomo, Fauzia Harun, Wawan S. Nadra, Rasmi Hi Panu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INFLUENCE FEAR OF MISSING OUT (FOMO) AND QUALITY PRODUCT ON PURCHASING DECISIONS CLOTHES THRIFT THROUGH IMPULSE BUYING IN GENERATION Z IN PALU CITY
This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and Product Quality on thrift clothing purchasing decisions through Impulse Buying on Generation Z in Palu City. The type of research used is causal associative. The sampling technique in this study uses a purposive sampling method . The sample used was 140 respondents. The data collection technique used was distributing questionnaires and processed using SmartPLS version 4.1. The scale used in this study was a Likert scale and the analysis tool used was PLS. The results showed that the influence of FoMO directly had a positive effect on impulse buying and a negative effect on purchasing decisions, product quality directly had a positive effect on impulse buying and purchasing decisions, and impulse buying had a positive effect on purchasing decisions. The results indirectly show that impulse buying can mediate a strong relationship between FoMO, product quality and consumer purchasing decisions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewa Ayu Diah Resty, Elimawaty Rombe, Muzakir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DEVELOPING AN OPERATIONAL STRATEGY TO ENHANCE MAINTENANCE EFFICIENCY: A CASE STUDY OF PROF RENTAL BALIKPAPAN
Micro-enterprises in Indonesia play a critical role in economic development, yet they often face operational inefficiencies that threaten sustainability. Prof Rental Balikpapan, a motorcycle rental start-up operating in East Kalimantan, exemplifies these challenges. Despite strong market demand and revenue growth during its initial seven months, the company experienced severe volatility in maintenance costs, which exceeded budget allocations by 394% between January and July 2025. This unpredictability undermines profitability and constrains fleet expansion, highlighting the need for a structured operational strategy to stabilize costs and improve reliability. This research aims to address three core questions: (1) What factors contribute to high and inconsistent maintenance costs at Prof Rental Balikpapan? (2) How can a preventive maintenance schedule be structured to reduce costs and ensure timely servicing? (3) How can a standardized Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) be developed to institutionalize maintenance discipline? To answer these questions, a mixed-method approach was employed, combining qualitative diagnostics and quantitative reliability analysis. Primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the founder, operational staff, and external mechanic, while secondary data included financial records, maintenance logs, and OEM guidelines. Qualitative analysis using content analysis and BPMN process mapping revealed systemic weaknesses: reactive maintenance behavior, absence of usage-based scheduling, reliance on external workshops for diagnosis, and fragmented documentation. These factors collectively drive cost volatility and operational risk. Quantitative analysis reinforced these findings. Descriptive statistics and Pareto analysis showed that 36.89% of total maintenance costs were concentrated in engine overhauls, while failure interval variability exceeded 50% for high-risk units, confirming the lack of preventive control mechanisms. To address these issues, the study designed a preventive maintenance schedule using Failure Interval Analysis (FIA), which calculates maintenance intervals based on rental-day exposure rather than calendar assumptions. The proposed plan differentiates intervals by unit reliability, introducing monthly checks for high-risk units and quarterly checks for newer assets. Cost projections indicate that shifting from reactive to preventive maintenance reduces total expenditure by approximately 60%, from IDR 7,103,000 to IDR 3,470,000 over six months, while improving predictability and minimizing downtime. This preventive plan will be implemented for a short-term horizon of six months, followed by an evaluation in month seven to validate cost performance improvements. To institutionalize execution discipline, a standardized SOP was developed, integrating preventive triggers, approval thresholds, and documentation protocols. The SOP formalizes roles, introduces Maintenance Work Orders (MWO) for budget locking, and mandates a “reset mechanism” to ensure continuity of preventive cycles. These measures collectively transform maintenance from an ad-hoc, reactive process into a structured, system-driven operation. The contribution of this research lies in demonstrating how micro-enterprises can apply reliability-based preventive strategies and process standardization to achieve cost stability and operational resilience. By integrating FIA-driven scheduling with SOP governance, this study provides a practical framework for improving maintenance efficiency in resource-constrained service businesses. Future research is recommended to conduct longitudinal evaluations and explore digitalization or IoT-based solutions for real-time maintenance monitoring.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eva Ervina, Liane Okdinawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL GROWTH CENTERS THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF SCALOGRAM, MARSHALL CENTRALITY INDEX, AND GRAVITY ANALYSIS (A CASE STUDY OF SOUTH BURU REGENCY)
This study aims to identify and verify growth centers in South Buru Regency through the integration of three analytical methods: scalogram, Marshall Centrality Index, and gravity analysis. Using secondary data from 2023, this study examines the completeness of facilities, the weight of supporting infrastructure, and the spatial interactions occur between districts. The results indicate that Namrole District stands out as the primary growth center with the most complete facilities (30), the highest infrastructure weight (888.90), and the strongest interaction with Leksula District (510,712.95). This study also higlights Kepala Madan District and Leksula District as secondary growth centers. The multi-method integration provides a more solid and comprehensive basis for identifying growth centers, especially in island regions such as South Buru Regency. The results suggest several policy implications, including strengthening infrastructure in Namrole District, improving economic corridors, and developing local potential-based economic clusters.
Copyright (c) 2026 Astuty N. DB, Teddy Ch.Leasiwal, Hendri D. Hahury https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
USE GREETINGS OF PARENTS' NAMES AS SOCIAL IDENTITY OF STUDENTS OF STATE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 16 SAMARINDA : A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY
Study This study use greeting based on parents ' names in interaction daily students of State Senior High School 16 Samarinda as practice language that represents identity social teenagers . Research This use approach qualitative descriptive with method ethnography communication . Data obtained through observation participatory , interview deep to students and teachers, as well as documentation speech in context informal interactions in the environment school . Research result show that use parents ' names form three pattern main , namely (1) greeting identification as marker introduction individual in group peers , (2) greetings humorous as a building strategy solidarity and familiarity social , and (3) greetings functional evaluative​ as satire light within the boundaries of the relationship friendship . Practice greeting the reflect construction identity social negotiated students​ through proximity relationship , context situational , and objective communication . From the perspective politeness speaking , greeting humorous functioning as a positive politeness strategy, whereas greeting evaluative potential becomes a face-threatening act if used outside​ context familiarity . Research This confirm that use greetings among​ high school students do not nature neutral , but rather play a role as symbol identity social and dynamics relation in community school .
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Hadijati, Syamsul Rijal, Masrur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DEVELOPING AN INTEGRATED INTER-ISLAND MARITIME TRANSPORTATION MODEL FOR LOCAL ECONOMIC ADVANCEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM HUAMUAL BELAKANG DISTRICT, MALUKU PROVINCE
This study aims to analyze existing conditions, identify key constraints, and formulate an optimal and sustainable inter-island maritime transportation development model in Huamual Belakang District, West Seram Regency, Maluku Province. This study utilized a qualitative case study approach and the data was collected through field observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The analysis is supported by SWOT analysis and Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrices to assess internal and external conditions. The findings indicate that the current maritime transportation system is not yet optimal, as reflected in disparities in port infrastructure capacity, an imbalanced vessel-to-population ratio (1:1,916), high operational costs, and fragmented institutional arrangements. Despite these limitations, the region demonstrates substantial local economic potential and promising opportunities for digital technology convergence. Based on the analysis, the proposed development model emphasizes an integrated approach that combines a hub-and-spoke system with Hatu Port as the primary hub, integration of supply chains for leading commodities, particularly fisheries and cloves, supported by cold storage facilities, cross-subsidy mechanisms through a Public Service Obligation (PSO) scheme, and the adoption of a digital platform, “E-Sampan,” to improve efficiency and accessibility. Strategic recommendations focus on institutional consolidation through the establishment of an integrated management authority, capacity enhancement of feeder port infrastructure, the addition of seaworthy vessels, and strengthening human resources through training and certification programs. The implementation of this model is expected to serve as a catalyst for improved connectivity, reduced logistics costs, and accelerated inclusive and sustainable local economic growth.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suratmi Nurlette, Izaac Tonny Matitaputty, Muhammad Bugis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF SATISFACTION IN INCREASING BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS MEDIATED BY PERCEIVED TRUST
This study aims to explain the role of satisfaction in increasing tourists' behavioral intentions with perceived trust as a mediator, and to contribute to the development of cultural tourism behavioral theory. Using a qualitative approach with SmartPLS 4 analysis, this study involved 150 local tourists and 25 international tourists visiting Orahili Traditional Village during a three-month observation period. The variables analyzed included satisfaction, perceived trust, and behavioral intentions. The results show that satisfaction has a direct effect on behavioral intentions and an indirect effect through trust as a mediator. This study confirms that trust plays a key role in strengthening the impact of satisfaction on tourist behavior, with important implications for cultural destination management to improve the quality of tourist experiences and relationships.
Copyright (c) 2026 Paskalis Dakhi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE REGULATION OF THE MINISTER OF HEALTH'S AUTHORITY IN MINISTER OF HEALTH REGULATION NUMBER 3 OF 2025 THAT EXCEEDS THE PRINCIPLE OF ULTRA VIRES
This study examines the legal implications of Minister of Health Regulation Number 3 of 2025 in relation to the principles of legal certainty and the hierarchy of laws and regulations in Indonesia. The analysis focuses on provisions regulating professional disciplinary violations, particularly Article 4 paragraph (2), which grants the Minister of Health broad discretion to determine or add categories of disciplinary violations without clear limitations or explicit delegation from higher legal instruments, namely Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health and Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024. Such regulatory construction indicates an exercise of authority that exceeds delegated technical–operational functions and introduces new substantive norms, thereby constituting an ultra vires act within the framework of authority theory and normative hierarchy. Drawing on Hans Kelsen’s theory of the hierarchy of norms, the study argues that the validity of ministerial regulations depends on their conformity with higher norms. Moreover, from Gustav Radbruch’s perspective on legal certainty, norms that confer unlimited authority create ambiguity and unpredictability for medical professionals as subjects of law, undermining the law’s function as a clear and reliable guideline. The study concludes that regulatory provisions exceeding delegated authority pose serious risks to legal certainty and the coherence of the legal system, and therefore require revision to restore normative consistency and protect professional discipline within a rule-of-law framework.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nina Ayu Wandira, Fatma Ulfatun Najicha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MARKETING COMMUNICATION STRATEGY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS (HEIS) IN ATTRACTING PROSPECTIVE STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY IN BANDUNG, WEST JAVA
This study aims to analyze Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) SY’s marketing communication strategy for attracting prospective students in the 2024/2025 academic year, highlighting key insights for marketing strategies in higher education. Amid intense competition among Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in West Java, SY demonstrated resilience by increasing digital engagement by 20% post-pandemic. This Research employs a qualitative case study approach within a post-positivist paradigm. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, comprising data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that SY successfully implemented a concentrated STP (Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning) model by shifting the institutional positioning from a mere 'degree provider' to 'career certainty' through international work-study programs. The integration of social media (Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook) as a persuasion engine proved effective in reaching Generation Z. At the same time, a hybrid management system involving professional creative vendors enhanced the visual quality of content. The study concludes that while digital strategies are highly effective at building awareness, final enrollment decisions remain deeply influenced by social validation and tangible alumni success stories, offering valuable insights for higher education marketing strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Natasha Karina Djati, Funny Mustikasari Elita, Ira Mirawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
META-ANALYSIS: THE EFFECT OF THE PROJECT-BASED LEARNING MODEL ON STUDENTS' MATHEMATICAL CREATIVE THINKING ABILITIES IN INDONESIA 2021-2025
This study aims to comprehensively analyze the effect of the Project Based Learning model on students' mathematical creative thinking abilities in Indonesia in 2021-2025. This study used a meta-analysis method with PRISMA guidelines and obtained 13 primary studies for analysis. Primary studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software version 4.0. The results of the calculation of the overall effect size obtained a Hedges'g value of 1.063 with a Z value of 7.990 and a p value <0.05, which means that the application of the Project Based Learning model has a significant effect on students' mathematical creative thinking abilities. Based on the results of the moderator variable analysis, a very large effect size was obtained at the high school level with a Hedges'g value of 1.487 and in studies with a small sample size (≤30 participants) with a Hedges'g value of 1.121. However, the heterogeneity test between groups obtained a p value>0.05 for both moderator variables, so that the differences between groups were not statistically significant and did not provide sufficient evidence that education level or sample size moderated the intervention effect.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fitriyani Perouka, Baharuddin, Muhammad Fachri B. Paloloang, Sutji Rochaminah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RESPONSE OF PEANUT PLANTS (Arachis hypogaea L.) TO THE APPLICATION OF BOKASHI FERTILIZER BASED ON SECONDARY VEGETATION BIOMASS AND PHOSPHORUS ON MARGINAL LAND
Peanuts (Arachis hypogeae L.) currently have low production levels due to the availability of fertile land. Bokashi fertilizer based on secondary vegetation biomass and phosphorus fertilizer can be used as a practical and environmentally friendly approach to maintain peanut plant growth and yield. This study aims to examine the interaction or independent treatment of bokashi fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer on the growth and yield of peanut plants on marginal land. This study used a randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was bokashi fertilizer, consisting of 4 levels, namely without bokashi fertilizer (B0), 4 t ha-1 of bokashi fertilizer (B1), 8 t ha-1 of bokashi fertilizer (B2), and 12 t ha-1 of bokashi fertilizer (B3). The second factor is phosphorus fertilizer, consisting of 4 levels namely, no phosphorus fertilizer (F0), 100 kg ha-1 phosphorus fertilizer (F1), 125 kg ha-1 phosphorus fertilizer (F2) and 150 kg ha-1 phosphorus fertilizer (F3), resulting in 16 treatment combinations with 3 replicates. The results showed that the interaction between bokashi fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer could enhance the growth and yield of groundnuts, particularly in terms of relative growth rate, leaf area index, net assimilation rate at 21-28 and 35-42 days after sowing, root-to-shoot ratio, chlorophyll content, number of pods, number of seeds, seed weight, 100-seed weight, and yield per hectare. The interaction treatment of bokashi fertilizer at a dose of 12 t ha-1 and phosphorus fertilizer at 150 kg ha-1 was the best treatment for peanut plant growth and yield.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amelia Hasanah, Nini Mila Rahni, Fransiscus Suramas Rembon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ADOPTION OF GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW BASED ON THE THEORY OF DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION
The development of Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI) presents both new opportunities and challenges in the field of education. This technology has the potential to transform learning practices, assessment, and knowledge management. However, its adoption process is not linear and is influenced by pedagogical, social, ethical, and institutional factors. This study aims to analyze the adoption of Generative AI in education using the Diffusion of Innovation Theory framework. The research method employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 27 reputable national and international journal articles published between 2022 and 2024. The literature selection process followed the PRISMA guidelines, consisting of identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion stages. The findings indicate that Generative AI offers relative advantages in supporting personalized learning, improving learning efficiency, and expanding access to learning resources. However, complexity of use, compatibility issues with academic integrity values, and concerns regarding ethics and data privacy are major barriers to adoption. The successful utilization of Generative AI in education requires innovation diffusion strategies supported by institutional policies, enhancement of digital literacy, and reinforcement of educational and cultural values.
Copyright (c) 2026 Faiza Muzaki, Een Mufaricha, Fairuz Andalusia, Rosulinawati, Lilis Ernawati, Siti Maesaroh, Syarifah, Ismail Hasan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL MARKETING COMMUNICATION MIX STRATEGIES FOR INDOMIE PRODUCTS: MULTICHANNEL INTEGRATION FOR OPTIMIZING BRAND ENGAGEMENT AND CONSUMER LOYALTY
The development of digital technology encourages companies to adopt more integrated and multi-channel marketing communication strategies to maintain competitiveness amidst increasingly fierce market competition. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the digital marketing communication mix implemented by Indomie through the "Hype Abis" campaign in increasing consumer engagement, brand awareness, sales, and customer loyalty. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method of various scientific sources relevant to digital marketing communications, B2C, B2B, and C2B strategies, and consumer behavior in the instant noodle industry. The results of the study indicate that Indomie's multi-channel digital marketing strategy, including social media integration, collaboration with influencers, creative content based on digital culture trends, and optimization of e-commerce platforms, has proven effective in creating a viral effect, increasing sales, and strengthening emotional connections with consumers. In addition, active consumer participation through user-generated content (C2B) contributes to increased customer loyalty. Evaluation of campaign performance through Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) is an important factor in ensuring the effectiveness of digital marketing communication strategies. This study recommends developing strategies through the use of innovative technology, data-driven approaches, strengthening digital loyalty programs, and expanding strategies to the B2B segment to support the sustainable growth of the Indomie brand.
Copyright (c) 2026 Romy Di Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MICROLEARNING DURING ONBOARDING TO ENHANCE COMPETENCY OF FRONT LINERS IN A SYARIAH MICROFINANCING BANK
The fact that more than half of the new Community Officers at Bank Syariah Nasional leave the company within their first three months is a big problem. A lot of these early resignations can be traced back to the fact that rookie officers had a hard time meeting performance goals during this time. To meet this challenge, BSN has put in place a twenty-one-day onboarding program that includes microlearning using the Learning SHARIA mobile app. This strategy can be used with employees who are located in different parts of the world, and it is scalable. However, its speediness in accelerating the acquisition of early skills has not been well-tested yet. This paper examines how microlearning can be used to promote the perception of competence in the context of the onboarding process as well as the mediating role of motivation and supervisory support in this specific interaction. The information collected on 392 participants was analyzed using a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling approach. The findings indicate that exposure to microlearning in itself does not play a significant role in improving the level of competence. The effect of the use of smart devices can be observed when learning activities are effectively used to influence the motivation of learners, which in turn results in a significant direct positive impact on perceived competence. Supervisor support is also ranked as a key determinant, as it has a direct impact on the motivation of learners, and the top management approval is essential to the successful use of microlearning programs. Remarkably, the completion of modules, learning days on the platform, and quiz grades are considered insufficient measures of real learning results in this specific situation. The research finds that microlearning is effective, but it requires support from supervisors who can inspire and direct new employee. Practical recommendations include refining onboarding indicators in line with the Kirkpatrick evaluation model, applying the Pareto principle to identify and prioritize the most influential learning modules, and enhancing coaching practices among supervisors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Linda Noviana Mandagie, Achmad Ghazali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE TRANSLATION OF THE LEXEME “RAIN” IN SAPARDI DJOKO DAMONO’S POETRY ANTHOLOGY ”HUJAN BULAN JUNI” INTO MANDARIN CHINESE: A STUDY OF TRANSLATION STRATEGIES
This study analyzes the Mandarin Chinese translation of the poetry anthology "Hujan Bulan Juni" by Sapardi Djoko Damono, translated by T. F. Chan. The study is motivated by the challenges of translating poetry between two languages with distinct typological characteristics: Indonesian, an agglutinative language, and Mandarin Chinese, an isolating and tonal language. The objectives of this study are to reveal the forms of translation shifts, identify the dominant translation strategies, and analyze the realization of lexical meaning equivalence, particularly in the lexeme "rain". This research adopts a comparative approach by examining fifteen (15) pairs of poems in Indonesian as the source language (SL) and Mandarin Chinese as the target language (TL). The analysis focuses on shifts in textual quantity, structural organization, and semantic meaning. The study uses Newmark's translation theory and Venuti's concepts of domestication and foreignization. The findings indicate that the translator tends to use a domestication strategy. This is evident in how the poems' visual forms are reconstructed to conform to the aesthetic norms of Chinese poetry. There are significant structural shifts created by expansion and reduction, resulting from grammatical differences. Modulation techniques are applied to the lexeme "rain" to achieve emotional and metaphorical equivalence. The translator acts as a bridge, prioritizing acceptability and communicative function for the target readers. The meaning of the source text remains unchanged.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rachel Leona Davita Purwanto, Tatang Hariri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE IMPACT OF “TRUMP’S POLICIES” ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW APPROACH
This study aims to analyze the complex impact of President Donald Trump's "America First" protectionist economic policies on economic growth in the Southeast Asian region through the lens of Economic Realism theory. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive analytical design. Data were collected through document studies in the form of official US policy data, ASEAN communiques, World Bank and IMF reports, and other academic literature, which were analyzed thematically based on the Economic Realism framework. The results reveal a dual impact. Trump's policies disrupted global supply chains and increased uncertainty. However, simultaneously, these policies opened up strategic opportunities in the form of trade diversion and investment relocation from China to Southeast Asia. The impact was not homogeneous, with Vietnam emerging as a major beneficiary, while countries with highly open economies experienced a slowdown. In aggregate, the region's economies demonstrated resilience driven by domestic demand and regional integration, leading to accelerated structural transformation. There are significant implications of Trump's policies regarding his role as a catalyst for accelerating economic diversification and building regional economic resilience. Therefore, to ensure sustainable growth, Southeast Asian countries need to continue strengthening regional cooperation and enhancing domestic competitiveness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muspida, Hermi Oppier, Dientje Rumerung, Hendri Dony Hahury https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF MARKETING MIX ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AT JEUNIEB CITY COFFEE IN JEUNIEB SUB-DISTRICT, BIREUEN REGENCY
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of marketing mix on customer satisfaction at Jeunieb City Coffee in Jeunieb Sub-District, Bireuen Regency. This study used quantitative methods, the population in this study were customers who visited Jeunieb City Coffee. The sample in this study amounted to 75 respondents, as for the data collection technique used, namely questionnaires, the author distributed questionnaires to 75 customers of Jeunieb City Coffee. The results showed that the seven independent variables, namely Product (X1) has a calculated value (5,880) > ttable (1,993), Price (X2) has a calculated value (4,054) > ttable (1,993), Place (X3) has a calculated value (4,514) > ttable (1,993), Promotion (X4) has a calculated value (3,386) > ttable (1,993), People (X5) have a tcount value (5,920) > ttable (1,993), Process (X6) has a tcount value (3,335) > ttable (1,993), Physical Evidence (X7) has a calculated value (6,200) > ttable (1,993). So it can be concluded that the seven independent variables have a positive effect on customer satisfaction at Jeunieb City Coffee in Jeunieb District, Bireuen Regency.
Copyright (c) 2026 T. Edyansyah, Rico Nur Ilham, Muhammad Roni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE URGENCY OF IMPLEMENTING THE STANDARD OF PROOF IN CRIMINAL CASE TRIALS FOR THE DISCLOSURE OF MURDER OFFENSES
The crime of murder is classified as a serious offense because it involves the loss of life, which constitutes the most fundamental human right. The judicial process for the perpetrator must be conducted meticulously, transparently, and fairly. One of the key elements in criminal law enforcement to uncover the truth in murder cases is the standard of proof, namely the judge’s conviction based on at least two valid pieces of evidence as stipulated in Article 183 of the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). This study employs a normative juridical approach, which views law as a binding written norm that serves as the basis for resolving legal issues. Data were collected through library research by examining and analyzing various relevant sources such as books, journals, articles, and other scholarly works, both printed and online. The data were analyzed qualitatively, focusing on the examination of legal materials derived from legislation, literature, and related documents.
Copyright (c) 2026 Restika Ndruru, Muhammad Arif Sahlepi, Muhammad Azhali Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CASE REPORT ON A POSTNATAL MOTHER WITH PERINEAL WOUND PAIN AND LACTATION DISORDERS IN THE WORKING AREA OF THE AROSBAYA COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER, BANGKALAN REGENCY
The postpartum period is a crucial recovery phase for mothers, often complicated by perineal pain due to tears or episiotomy. This pain can restrict movement, hinder daily activities, and disrupt lactation patterns. This case report describes midwifery care for a postpartum mother with grade II perineal lacerations and lactation issues. Data were collected through interviews, observations, documentation, and physical examinations. Pain was assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), while lactation patterns were evaluated based on frequency, duration, and breastfeeding techniques. The subject was a P1A0 mother on the third day postpartum. Interventions included personal hygiene education, nutrition, sitting position, early mobilization, warm compresses, lavender aromatherapy, and support for optimal lactation. Results showed that during the first visit, the mother experienced moderate to severe pain and limited mobility. However, after three visits, pain intensity decreased significantly, mobility improved, and the mother’s self-care knowledge enhanced. Lactation patterns were smooth, wounds healed without infection, and uterine involution was normal. Daily activities resumed without hindrance. This midwifery care effectively reduced perineal pain, improved lactation, and enhanced the mother’s self-care understanding. Support through education, family involvement, and safe, non-pharmacological interventions helped the mother navigate postpartum recovery without complications.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nadia Fardiana Isnaini Lestari, Deasy Irawati, Siti Anisak, Sri Wayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY, ROTE NDAO REGENCY
This study aims to examine the effect of human resource management (HRM) and democratic leadership style on employee performance at the Agriculture and Food Security Office of Rote Ndao Regency. A quantitative research approach was employed, with a population of 124 employees. Using a total sampling technique, 123 respondents were included in the study. Data were collected through structured questionnaires measuring employee performance, human resource management practices, and democratic leadership style. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. The results indicate that both human resource management and democratic leadership style have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Partial testing (t-test) shows that each independent variable significantly influences employee performance at a significance level below 0.05. Furthermore, the simultaneous test (F-test) confirms that human resource management and democratic leadership style jointly affect employee performance. These findings highlight the critical role of effective human resource management and participatory leadership in enhancing employee performance. Therefore, organizational management is encouraged to strengthen human resource development and adopt democratic leadership practices to achieve optimal organizational performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Defrid Chris Yermi Nesimnasi, Frans Gana, Melkisedek N. B. C. Neolaka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR SURGEONS AGAINST MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE RESULTING IN PERMANENT DISABILITY IN PATIENTS
This study examines the legal protection afforded to surgeons in cases of medical negligence resulting in permanent disability to patients within the Indonesian legal system. The issue arises from the high-risk nature of surgical procedures, where adverse medical outcomes are often directly associated with legal liability, potentially leading to the criminalization of medical professionals. This research employs a normative legal research method using a qualitative approach, incorporating statutory and case approaches through the analysis of legislation, court decisions, and legal doctrines related to medical malpractice. The findings indicate that surgeons’ liability for medical negligence is regulated through a layered legal regime encompassing criminal, civil, and professional disciplinary mechanisms as stipulated in Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health, the Criminal Code, and the Civil Code. The study further reveals that legal protection for surgeons is conditionally provided when medical actions comply with professional standards, standard operating procedures, and ethical principles, supported by mechanisms such as informed consent and professional disciplinary review. Ultimately, the regulation of medical negligence aims to ensure patient rights recovery while preventing excessive criminalization of the medical profession, thereby maintaining the sustainability and quality of healthcare services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ida Bagus Tatwa Yatindra, Carolina Kuntardjo, Marsudi Dedi Putra, Imam Ropii https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INCLUSIVE COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES IN EQUALITY CAMPAIGNS FOR THE DEAF COMMUNITY: A CASE STUDY OF THE SUNYI BERMAKNA COMMUNITY IN EAST KUTAI REGENCY, EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
This study aims to analyze the inclusive communication strategies used by the Sunyi Bermakna (Meaningful Silence) community in campaigning for equality for the deaf in East Kutai. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research explores the practice of inclusive communication through in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis. The findings show that Sunyi Bermakna utilizes sign language, visual media, social campaigns, and digital platforms to disseminate messages of equality. These strategies not only raise public awareness but also strengthen the position of the deaf community within an inclusive social environment. This study emphasizes the importance of inclusive communication in community public relations to foster understanding, reduce marginalization, and encourage social change.
Copyright (c) 2026 Handi Wijaya, La Mani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TRANSFORMATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND ITS IMPACT ON PERFORMANCE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL UNCERTAINTY
In the face of escalating global uncertainty, organizations are required not merely to survive but to adaptively transform their cultures to sustain performance. Agile and flexible organizational culture is positioned as a strategic instrument in responding to the complexity and ambiguity of the business environment. This study aims to systematically review the relationship between organizational culture transformation, performance, and the context of global uncertainty based on literature from the past five years. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach was adopted using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, covering 39 articles from the Scopus database. The analysis was conducted using descriptive, thematic, and content-based approaches. The findings indicate that organizational culture plays a strategic role as a mediator in coping with external pressures and in driving organizational performance. This review also reveals methodological and conceptual gaps, and proposes a future research agenda emphasizing the importance of digital integration, cross-cultural approaches, and longitudinal studies. The primary contribution of this study lies in asserting the position of organizational culture as a strategic lever in building adaptive performance amid global dynamics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Umar Hamdani, Salsabila Citra Devi, Aisya Ramadhani Eka Aprildianti, Sopiah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN THE APPARATUS AT THE REGIONAL REVENUE SERVICE OF PANGKEP DISTRICT
This study aims to analyze human resource development (HRD) among personnel at the Pangkep Regency Regional Revenue Agency (Bapenda) using the Human Resource Development (HRD) theory proposed by Holton and Swanson (2011), which emphasizes three main dimensions: learning, performance, and change. The research approach used was a qualitative case study method, and data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies with the Head of the Agency, the Secretary, and several employees as key informants. The results show that in the learning dimension, training and development of personnel have been carried out, but are still general and not based on a clear needs analysis. In the performance dimension, training has an impact on increasing work effectiveness and productivity, but has not been balanced with a sustainable performance-based reward and evaluation system. Meanwhile, in the change dimension, there have been positive behavioral changes in the form of increased discipline, adaptability to information technology, and strengthening work ethics and professionalism. These findings indicate that HRD development at the Pangkep Regional Revenue Agency (Bapenda) has had a positive impact on personnel competence and behavior, although it still requires strengthening policies and institutions so that the three HRD dimensions can be fully integrated. This research confirms that HRD theory is relevant to be applied in the context of public bureaucracy because it is able to explain the relationship between learning, performance, and changes in organizational culture as the basis for creating competent and adaptive apparatus to the demands of modern public services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ummu Safira Salsabila, Ani Susanti, Nuraisyah, Daswati, Syahruddin Hattab https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DEVELOPMENT OF A BLUETOOTH-BASED WIRELESS STETHOSCOPE WITH MUSIC FEATURES TO REDUCE TODDLER ANXIETY
Auscultation examinations in toddlers are often hampered by psychological responses such as fear, anxiety, and rejection of the stethoscope, making it difficult to guide the child and resulting in a less than optimal diagnosis process. This study aims to develop a child-friendly Bluetooth-based electronic stethoscope with additional music features as audio distractions to improve comfort and reduce anxiety in toddlers during medical examinations. The research method uses a research and development approach that includes electronic system design, prototype creation, audio testing, and device performance evaluation. The prototype was designed with a microphone signal amplifier system integrated with a Bluetooth module for wireless transmission to a headset and music player module. The test results showed that the use of this stethoscope was able to create a calmer examination atmosphere, marked by reduced resistance and excessive movement in toddlers during auscultation. The music feature proved to be a positive distraction that increased the child's comfort and cooperation. In addition, physiological sounds such as heartbeat and breathing remain clearly audible through the wireless connection without latency interference. This innovation has the potential to be a child-friendly auscultation solution that improves the comfort of infant patients and the effectiveness of medical examinations
Copyright (c) 2026 Nyak Qurratu Aini, Gianina Inaya, Rafli Hamdan Farabi, Zulhiz Tami, Rafles Nobel Pangaribuan, Kartika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA INTERACTION AND DIGITAL PROMOTION ON TIKTOK ON ADIDAS PURCHASE DECISIONS AMONG GEN Z IN PALU CITY
This study aims to analyze the influence of social media interactions through the TikTok Shop feature and digital promotions on purchasing decisions for Adidas products with brand awareness as an intervening variable among Generation Z in Palu City. The research method uses a quantitative approach with purposive sampling techniques and data processing through PLS-SEM 4.0. The results show that social media interactions and digital promotions have a positive and significant effect on brand awareness and purchasing decisions. Brand awareness also has a significant effect on purchasing decisions and mediates the relationship between social media interactions and digital promotions on purchasing decisions. These findings confirm that interaction-based promotional strategies and creative content on TikTok are effective in increasing brand awareness and driving consumer purchasing decisions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurcaya Zahra, Zakiyah Zahara, Elimawaty Rombe, Setiawan Mandala Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DETERMINANTS OF GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP, POLITICAL CONNECTIONS, PROFITABILITY, AND LEVERAGE ON SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING QUALITY IN PUBLIC COMPANIES IN INDONESIA
This study aims to examine the effects of government ownership, political connections, profitability, and leverage on the quality of sustainability reporting in public companies in Indonesia, as well as the moderating role of firm size. Sustainability reporting serves as a crucial tool for companies to demonstrate transparency, accountability, and commitment to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices. The research adopts a quantitative approach with a causal-comparative design, and data were collected from 100 publicly listed companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2020–2024 using purposive sampling. Secondary data were obtained from annual reports, sustainability reports, ESG databases, and company profiles. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that government ownership and profitability have a significant positive effect on sustainability reporting quality, indicating that state-owned and financially strong companies are more motivated to produce transparent and comprehensive ESG disclosures. Conversely, political connections have a significant negative effect, suggesting that politically affiliated companies reduce transparency to minimize political risk exposure. Meanwhile, leverage does not have a significant effect, implying that debt levels are not a primary determinant of sustainability reporting quality in the Indonesian context. Furthermore, moderation analysis using PLS-SEM demonstrates that firm size strengthens the relationship between profitability and sustainability reporting quality. Large and profitable companies are more likely to prepare comprehensive sustainability reports due to greater resources and higher stakeholder pressures compared to smaller firms. This study contributes to the literature by integrating political, ownership, financial, and organizational factors in explaining sustainability reporting quality. The findings provide practical implications for regulators, investors, and corporate managers in designing effective ESG disclosure strategies and promoting transparency and accountability in public companies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Asiah Murni, James Tumewu, Akhmad Zainuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TRANSFORMATION OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AMONG GEN Z: BETWEEN PHYSICAL SPACE AND THE VIRTUAL WORLD
This research discusses the transformation of juvenile delinquency among Generation Z from physical spaces to digital environments. Modernization and technological advancements have shifted delinquent behavior from traditional acts such as street brawls to virtual actions like cyberbullying, dissemination of harmful content, and identity manipulation. Data indicates a 65% increase in digital-based juvenile delinquency cases over the past five years, with 92% of teenagers accessing the internet for an average of 7 hours per day. Contributing factors include low digital literacy, lack of parental supervision, social media algorithm influence, and weak regulatory frameworks. This study analyzes the distinct characteristics of delinquency in both physical and digital domains and proposes comprehensive strategies for prevention, such as integrating character education, enhancing digital literacy, and fostering multi- stakeholder collaboration. The phenomenon calls for a redefinition of the roles of educational institutions and increased parental involvement in shaping resilient digital character. A cross-sectoral approach is essential to develop a generation that is both technologically adept and morally grounded.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nadya Grestyana, Melia Sintha, Vivi Friskila Angela, Gradila Apriani, Iin Aprillina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE PROVISION OF A TEMPORARY NATIONAL DATA CENTER AS A REFLECTION OF BOUNDED RATIONALITY IN THE ELECTRONIC BASED GOVERNMENT SYSTEM (SPBE)
This research explores the implementation of Indonesia digital governance policies, particularly the Electronic-Based Government System, One Data Policy, and the development of The National Data Center (NDC) and The Temporary National Data Center (TNDC). Drawing on the theoretical framework of Bounded Rationality the analysis highlights how the government’s decision-making process adapts to constraints of limited resources, information asymmetry, and administrative complexity. The findings indicate that while the establishment of a permanent NDC remains the ideal solution for achieving full data integration and security, pragmatic approaches such as the TNDC scheme have enabled continued digital transformation in the public sector. The integration of government data has improved transparency, accountability, and inter-agency coordination, thereby enhancing the efficiency and responsiveness of public services. Regulatory frameworks including Presidential Regulations No. 95/2018, No. 39/2019, and No. 27/2022 have provided a robust institutional foundation to ensure data governance, cybersecurity, and citizen trust. By this research Indonesia incremental approach demonstrates how adaptive policy strategies can effectively advance digital transformation amid institutional and infrastructural limitations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohamad Nur Syamsi Rizal, Sidik Pramono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STUDENTS' MATHEMATICAL CREATIVE THINKING PROFILE IN ALGEBRA OLYMPIAD PROBLEMS THROUGH PROJECT-BASED ASSESSMENT: A QUALITATIVE CASE STUDY
Mathematical creative thinking is a higher-order thinking competency that is essential in developing mathematics olympiads because it requires the ability to produce non-routine solutions flexibly, originally, and elaborately. This study aims to describe in depth the mathematical creative thinking profile of students on the mathematics olympiad team at the junior high school level through the application of project-based assessment on the subject of algebra olympiads. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design. The research subjects consisted of three students on the mathematics olympiad team who were selected purposively. Data collection was carried out through open-ended algebra tests, project assignments, observations, and semi-structured interviews. Data analysis focused on four indicators of mathematical creative thinking: fluency, flexibility, originality, and detail, with data validity maintained through triangulation of techniques and assessors. The results showed that each subject had a different mathematical creative thinking profile. Project-based assessment was able to facilitate the emergence of a variety of solution strategies, original solutions, and reflection on the mathematical thinking process, especially in students who were actively involved in the project implementation. These findings provide an empirical contribution to the development of authentic assessment in the context of developing mathematics olympiads and enrich the study of mathematical creative thinking in algebraic material.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ali Syarifudin, Sikky El Walida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TEACHERS' PERCEPTION GRADING PRACTICE SCALE (TPGPS) ADAPTATION
This study aims to adapt and conduct initial validation of the Teachers' Perceptions of Grading Practices Scale (TPGPS) into Indonesian. This scale measures teachers' perceptions of assessment practices in six components, namely interests, benefits, student efforts, student abilities, teachers' assessment habits, and perceived self-efficacy from the assessment process. Participants consisted of 130 high school teachers who completed the questionnaire online. Data were analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using JAMOVI version 2.3.28 to assess the model suitability of the six-factor structure. The results showed acceptable model conformity with RMSEA = 0.0361 (≤ 0.08), although the values of CFI (0.775) and TLI (0.758) were slightly below the recommended threshold (≥ 0.90). The reliability of such scales is high (α Cronbach = 0.827), which indicates good internal consistency. Some items with low factor loading are recommended for revision at the later stages of validation. Overall, the Indonesian version of TPGPS is valid and reliable for assessing teachers' perceptions of assessment practices in the context of education in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fadillahi Arief, Farah Aulia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
GENDER RELATIONS IN THE FAMILY OF THE PRIANGAN REGENT IN THE ERA OF THE DUTCH COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
Traditional gender constructs often adhere to a patriarchal system that places men in a position of dominance over women. These unequal relations occur in almost all social strata of society, including among the nobility. This study attempts to explore the patterns of gender roles that were formed within the families of the Priangan regents during the Dutch colonial period from 1800 to 1942. This study uses a descriptive qualitative case study method, collecting data from various literature in books, journals, newspapers, and websites related to the theme, which is then analyzed through a gender lens. The results show that men have a dominant role in family life, reflected in the rule that only men can become bureaucratic leaders, family leaders, and are free to practice polygamy. Meanwhile, women played the role of symbols of family honor who were tasked with appearing elegant, educating children, and being responsible for traditional activities such as celebrations or feasts. These gender relations were influenced by the construction of Javanese traditional values ​​through colonization during the Islamic Mataram Kingdom era, Dutch rules, and Islamic values ​​embraced by the Priangan nobility, which ultimately created a patriarchal gender ideology pattern that tended to marginalize women.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nisa Khoerunisa, Rendi Wandani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SCENARIO PLANNING FOR IMPROVING COMPANY PERFORMANCE THROUGH OPTIMIZATION OF INNOVATIVE MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY AT PUPUK INDONESIA GROUP
This study concludes that, in general, the Work Motivation, Work Engagement, and Learning Agility of innovators at PT Pupuk Indonesia (Persero) and its subsidiaries are in the very good category. Innovators demonstrate strong motivation in maintaining operational efficiency, high levels of work engagement with the company, and solid learning capabilities derived from data and technical experience. Nevertheless, several challenges remain, including operational complexity, fluctuations in work energy due to daily workloads, and the need to strengthen capabilities in dealing with unstructured and strategic changes. The results of statistical testing indicate that Work Motivation, Work Engagement, and Learning Agility have a significant effect on Innovator Work Productivity. This study also finds that Innovator Work Productivity has a significant effect on Corporate Performance, indicating that innovator productivity plays an important role in driving overall corporate performance. Furthermore, Innovator Work Productivity is proven to mediate the influence of Work Motivation, Work Engagement, and Learning Agility on Corporate Performance, underscoring the strategic role of innovators as key drivers of corporate performance. In anticipation of future dynamic changes, this study has developed four scenario planning alternatives that can be utilized by the company to address potential changes in innovator productivity and corporate performance conditions. The study also provides recommendations for company management to optimize the innovator management function within the organization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sischa Maulana, Syamsul Ma’arif, Arry Ekananta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE CRIMINAL ACT OF UNAUTHORIZED USE OF STATE LAND (Study in Desa Tadukan Raga Kecamatan STM Hilir)
Unauthorized possession of state land is a form of crime that results in state losses and disrupts orderly administration and regional spatial planning. This phenomenon is widespread in various regions, including in Tadukan Raga Village, STM Hilir District, Deli Serdang Regency. This crime raises profound legal issues related to the criminal liability of the perpetrators and the effectiveness of law enforcement by authorized officials. This problem is examined in a study entitled Criminal Liability for the Criminal Act of Land Acquisition "State Without Permission (Study in Tadukan Raga Village, STM Hilir District)". The formulation of the problem in this study is: (1) What is the form of criminal liability for perpetrators of the crime of unauthorised possession of state land in Tadukan Raga Village, STM Hilir District? (2) What are the factors causing this crime? (3) What is the role of law enforcement officials in overcoming unauthorised possession of state land in the region? This study uses a qualitative method with a field research and library research approach. This type of research is descriptive and analytical, aiming to describe and analyze in-depth legal phenomena occurring in society. Data was collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews with village officials, law enforcement officers, and local residents, legal documentation, and an ethnographic approach to understand the social dynamics underlying these crimes..
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Ardiansyah Bancin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE RESILIENCE OF SHARIA-COMPLIANT AND CONVENTIONAL MSMES IN FACING DIGITAL DISRUPTION IN MEDAN: AN ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIES AND MAQASID SHARIA
Digital transformation has become inevitable for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. However, MSMEs' preparedness and resilience to digital disruption still vary. According to data from the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs, more than 64 million MSMEs contribute 60% of the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP), yet only a small portion are truly digitalized. This study aims to analyze the differences in resilience between Sharia-compliant MSMEs and conventional MSMEs in Medan City in facing digital disruption, by examining aspects of adaptation strategies and the values of Maqasid Sharia. This research method uses a qualitative-descriptive approach through literature analysis, semi-structured interviews, and secondary data from official government reports and scientific publications. The research results show that conventional MSMEs are quicker to adopt digital technology, while Sharia MSMEs have more stable social resilience and customer loyalty due to their ethical and trust-based foundation based on Islamic principles. The implications of this research demonstrate the importance of integrating Maqasid Sharia values into MSME digitalization strategies to achieve sustainable economic resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muslim Marpaung, Helvinasari Nasution, Inayatul Widad Nasution, Widya Khaidir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF HOLDING COMPANIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES COMMITTED BY SUBSIDIARIES
The structure of multinational corporations has created fundamental juridical challenges regarding criminal liability. The principle of separate legal personality has traditionally insulated holding companies from liability for environmental crimes committed by their subsidiaries, notwithstanding the parent company's dominant operational and economic control. This research examines how various legal systems address this accountability issue through doctrines such as piercing the corporate veil, vicarious liability, and systemic fault models. Furthermore, this study analyzes the effectiveness of the Indonesian legal framework, specifically the Law on Environmental Protection and Management (UUPPLH, Article 116) and Supreme Court Regulation No. 13 of 2016 (Articles 4(2) and 6), while identifying the causes of implementation gaps. Comparative analysis reveals a global evolution from the restrictive identification doctrine toward a pragmatic organizational fault model. It is found that Indonesia's legal framework is de jure adequate, having adopted functional liability (UUPPLH) and organizational liability (Perma). However, the key finding highlights the absence of de facto jurisprudence due to structural barriers, particularly evidentiary challenges and institutional capacity. In conclusion, this research recommends the adoption of a hybrid prosecution model combining the functional instruments of the UUPPLH and the organizational instruments of Perma 13/2016 as an effective solution to combat holding company impunity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arman Candra, Fitri Rafianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF SUPERVISION CONSULTANTS IN TIME PERFORMANCE OF COASTAL PROTECTION CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN JAKARTA
Coastal protection construction projects in Jakarta have a high level of complexity due to the influence of hydrodynamic conditions, soft soil, logistical limitations, and social dynamics of coastal communities. These conditions require the role of an effective supervisory consultant to ensure the achievement of project time performance. This study aims to analyze the role of supervisory consultants on time performance in coastal protection construction projects in Jakarta and formulate priorities for delay mitigation actions. The research method uses a quantitative and qualitative descriptive approach with a case study on the Coastal Protection Construction Project in Jakarta Phase 4 Package 1. Primary data were obtained through field observations, interviews, and questionnaires with related parties, while secondary data came from contract documents, progress reports, and project implementation schedules. Data analysis was carried out using the Schedule Performance Variance (SPV) method to measure time performance and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the priority of mitigation actions. The results of the study indicate that project delays are influenced by technical, logistical, administrative, and socio-environmental factors. The supervisory consultant plays a significant role in time control through technical, managerial, and administrative supervision. The AHP results indicate that accelerating material delivery and improving piling methods on soft soil are the main priorities in improving project time performance. This study confirms that optimizing the role of supervisory consultants can increase the effectiveness of time control in coastal protection construction projects in coastal areas.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tidaryo Kusumo, Endah Kurniyaningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF CARBON EMISSION DISCLOSURE, SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING, AND PROFITABILITY ON FIRM VALUE, WITH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AS A MODERATING VARIABLE (AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF ENERGY SECTOR COMPANIES IN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA)
This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of three variables on a company's value. Furthermore, this study aims to investigate the function of effective corporate governance as a moderating element in relation to these factors. The focus of the study is on companies in the energy sector in Indonesia and Malaysia. The approach applied is a quantitative method, which is tested through path analysis. Path analysis includes testing direct effects and moderating effects. Moderating effects are performed using interaction techniques, namely the interaction between moderating variables and independent variables. The evaluation was conducted on factors that affect company value, such as carbon emission disclosure, sustainability reporting, profitability, and good corporate governance. The sample selected included 20 companies, consisting of the 10 largest energy companies in Indonesia and the 10 largest energy companies in Malaysia. Data processing was carried out with the support of Stata software. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for improving sustainability reporting and corporate governance standards, thereby promoting greater transparency and accountability. On the other hand, further research is recommended to expand the scope of the research objects and time frame, add other factors such as company size, environmental risk, or environmentally friendly innovation, and apply alternative methodological approaches to provide deeper insights into the elements that contribute to company value. The conclusion of this study shows that carbon emissions disclosure and profitability do not have a significant impact on company value. Instead, sustainability reporting has a meaningful influence. In addition, good corporate governance plays a crucial role as a moderating variable, whereby good corporate governance can strengthen the three independent variables.
Copyright (c) 2026 Karina Tika Sari, Kiko Armenita Julito https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DECONSTRUCTING PARTICIPATORY SUPERVISION: A STUDY OF PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT STRATEGIES BY THE ELECTION SUPERVISOR BOARD (BAWASLU) IN THE 2024 MAYORAL AND VICE MAYORAL ELECTION IN KUPANG CITY
This study aims to explain the strategy and form of implementation of participatory supervision carried out by Bawaslu Kupang City in the implementation of the 2024 Pilkada. Using a qualitative research approach method, with a total of 15 informants, consisting of the Chairman of the Bawaslu Kupang City Commissioner, Coordinator of the Prevention, Community Participation and Public Relations Division of Bawaslu Kupang City, Bawaslu Secretariat Staff, Representatives of Bawaslu civil society organizations and community participants in the village/supervisory program. Interviews were conducted with informants selected by purposive sampling, namely those who were considered to best understand the context and have direct involvement in participatory supervision. The results of the study show that participatory supervision carried out by Bawaslu Kupang City in the 2024 Pilkada has shown a paradigm shift from a bureaucratic and hierarchical supervision model to a collaborative model involving the community as supervision partners, through various programs such as the Citizens Forum, Village/Sub-district Supervision, and Participatory Supervision Cadre School (SKPP). The level of public participation in election supervision is still dominated by symbolic and consultative forms of participation, as depicted in Arnstein's ladder of participation, where citizen involvement has not yet fully reached the level of equal partnership or citizen control (citizen power). Deconstruction of participatory supervision also opens up space for conceptual reconstruction, where election supervision is understood as a deliberative process based on communicative action, which demands rational dialogue, equality, and trust between Bawaslu and the community to strengthen the legitimacy of electoral democracy at the local level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adolfus Kobesi, Laurensius P Sayrani, Rudi Rohi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE SINGING CHURCH: AN ANALYSIS OF VOCAL DEVIATIONS IN CONGREGATIONAL SINGING - A STUDY OF HKBP CONGREGATIONAL SINGING TECHNIQUES
This study aims to analyze the policies of the Huria Kristen Batak Protestan (HKBP) Church regarding congregational singing practices during Sunday worship and to evaluate their implementation in order to identify an ideal model for improving the quality of congregational singing techniques. The primary issue addressed in this research is the prevalence of technical errors in congregational singing, such as inaccurate rhythm, poor intonation, unclear articulation, and uncontrolled vocal dynamics. These errors tend to occur repeatedly and systematically, which is suspected to be the result of oral tradition transmission without structured musical training. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method using a case study approach conducted in three HKBP church regions in North Sumatra: Tarutung, Pematangsiantar, and Medan. Data collection techniques include observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that although the HKBP possesses a rich legacy of church music, the implementation of policies related to congregational singing training remains uneven and lacks structure. Vocal technique training has not yet become an integral part of church programs, and congregational singing ability is largely shaped by worship habits without adequate pedagogical intervention. Oral tradition plays a significant role but is not sufficiently supported by formal musical approaches. Based on these findings, this study proposes an ideal model for developing congregational singing techniques that incorporates theological, musical, and inculturative aspects—taking into account the characteristics of Batak music and Christian spiritual values. This research is expected to make a meaningful contribution to enhancing the quality of worship in the HKBP context, particularly in the area of congregational singing as an expression of faith and a vital element of liturgy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ruth Melody Misbow Siallagan, Mauly Purba, Vanesia Amelia Sebayang, Junita Batubara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STRENGTHENING REGIONAL ASSET GOVERNANCE: SYNERGY AND INNOVATION IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF E-BMD IN REJANG LEBONG REGENCY
This study aims to examine how synergy among asset management stakeholders supports the successful implementation of the Electronic Barang Milik Daerah (eBMD) system in Rejang Lebong Regency, and to identify innovations that enhance the accuracy, reliability, and accountability of asset information used in regional financial reporting.
Copyright (c) 2026 Librial intansyari, Robinson, Fachruzzaman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR IN MEDIATING THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE (Case Study at PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Kupang Branch Office)
This study aims to analyze the influence of organizational culture and organizational commitment on employee performance with Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as a mediating variable at PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Kupang Branch Office. This study uses a quantitative method with an associative approach. The sample was determined by a non-probability sampling technique on BNI Kupang Branch employees. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 118 respondents. Data analysis used Partial Least Square (PLS) with the help of SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results of the study indicate that: (1) Organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on employee performance; (2) Organizational commitment does not have a significant effect on employee performance; (3) Organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on OCB; (4) Organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on OCB; (5) OCB has a positive and significant effect on employee performance; (6) OCB partially mediates the effect of organizational culture on employee performance; and (7) OCB fully mediates the effect of organizational commitment on employee performance. Consistent with previous research, these results confirm that organizational culture is a crucial factor in enhancing employee OCB. Practically, these findings provide implications for BNI Kupang Branch that employee performance improvements can be achieved by strengthening organizational culture, organizational commitment, and consistently encouraging OCB behavior.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nyoman Mariadi, Putu Indah Rahmawati, Ni Luh Wayan Sayang Telagawathi, Komang Krisna Heryanda, I Nengah Suarmanayasa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PARTICIPATION IN THE 2024 LEGISLATIVE ELECTION FOR THE REGIONAL PEOPLE'S REPRESENTATIVE COUNCIL OF DAPIL 5, DONGGALA REGENCY
Voter participation constitutes a fundamental dimension of democratic governance, particularly within legislative elections that shape policy-making at the regional level. This study examines voter participation in the 2024 legislative election for the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) in Electoral District 5 of Donggala Regency, Indonesia. Employing a qualitative descriptive research design, the study draws on in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and analysis of official electoral documents to explore the patterns and determinants of electoral participation. The findings reveal that while voter turnout in the district remained relatively stable, participation was predominantly procedural rather than substantive. Many voters engaged in the electoral process without sufficient understanding of legislative functions, candidate programs, or policy implications. Voter participation was strongly influenced by political literacy, candidate-centered mobilization strategies, socioeconomic considerations, and the quality of electoral administration. Furthermore, the simultaneous conduct of elections in 2024 contributed to reduced voter attention toward legislative contests, thereby limiting meaningful engagement. The study concludes that voter participation in Electoral District 5 reflects broader challenges of local democratic consolidation in Indonesia, where formal participation persists amid weak deliberative quality. Strengthening civic education, improving party institutionalization, and enhancing the responsiveness of local legislative institutions are essential to fostering more informed and substantive voter participation in future elections.
Copyright (c) 2026 Umi Farida Rohmah, Irwan Waris, M Nur Alamsyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INVESTIGATION PROCESS OF PERPETRATORS OF MOBILE PHONE THEFT BASED ON RESTORATIVE JUSTICE (CASE STUDY AT BATU POLICE)
The Indonesian legal system recognizes the term criminal justice system as a system of law enforcement aimed at resolving and overcoming criminal cases that occur in society. The purpose of the criminal justice system is not only to process the settlement of criminal cases that are fast, inexpensive, and short but also to provide human rights protection, respect the principle of presumption of innocence and the process of punishment that provides a balance of law, defendants and victims. In dealing with these conditions, it takes the rules that underlie the settlement of criminal cases by promoting the principles of justice, expediency, and legal certainty. The Republic of Indonesia Police Agency is the main key in determining whether or not a criminal case can proceed into a criminal justice process, in this case issuing the Republic of Indonesia State Police Regulation Number 8 of 2021 concerning Handling of Criminal Acts Based on Restorative Justice. The author conducted research on the case resolution process carried out by the Batu Police in handling theft cases and whether the settlement process has realized restorative justice. The rule can be used as a reference by investigators in conducting mediation outside the court by using the development of the principle of restorative justice, which means returning to normal before the crime took place.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ilham Fauzi Prakoso, Budi Parmono, Moh. Muhibbin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
REPOSITIONING THE INDONESIAN CREDIT CARD INDUSTRY IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL FINANCIAL SERVICES: A SCENARIO PLANNING APPROACH
This study aims to analyze the current position of the Indonesian credit card industry in formulating alternative scenario planning as a repositioning effort in the digital era. Using a qualitative research design with descriptive methods, this study was conducted using interview data collection and documentation studies from various literature sources. Scenario planning was developed using PESTEL analysis and Porter’s Five Forces to identify key points, changes, and future scenario planning for credit cards in Indonesia. The results indicate that efforts to reposition the Indonesian credit card industry require strengthening and integrating the Indonesian credit card industry ecosystem with digitalized services. Transformation efforts are not limited to just transformation efforts, but also the need to strengthen regulators that offer customer acquisition and expand flexible collaboration
Copyright (c) 2026 Fabian Dheano Alamsyah, Yos Sunitiyoso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF CUSTOMER VALUES ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND ITS IMPACT ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY WITH THE MODERATION EFFECT OF CAFE ATMOSPHERE IN LHOKSEUMAWE CITY
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of customer value on customer satisfaction and its impact on customer loyalty with the moderating effect of cafe atmosphere in Lhokseumawe City. The data in this study were 120 employees who responded to a questionnaire distributed through Google Form. The data analysis tool used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) operated with Amos. The results of the study found that customer value significantly influenced job satisfaction and customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction also significantly increased customer loyalty. And in testing the mediation effect of customer satisfaction significantly mediated the influence of customer value on customer loyalty. Furthermore, in testing the moderation effect, cafe atmosphere significantly moderated the influence of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty. The results of this study are expected to provide important contributions for stakeholders in developing cafe business marketing strategies in the future.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iskandarsyah, Sapna Biby, Ikramuddin, Jullimursyida, Nurainun, Heriyana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF INDICATORS INFLUENCING DELAYS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECTS AT PLN UNIT INDUK PEMBANGUNAN JAWA BAGIAN TIMUR DAN BALI
Delays in electricity transmission projects within PLN UIP JBTB have become a dominant issue. The majority of projects during the 2020–2024 period experienced delays, as reflected by milestone deviations, cost overruns, and time overruns, which disrupted electricity supply reliability and adversely affected the company’s corporate image. This study aims to analyze the indicators that form latent variables influencing project delays using an explanatory qualitative approach with the PLS-SEM method. Primary data were collected through questionnaires from 140 respondents selected via purposive sampling, comprising project owners, technical experts, and consultants. The results indicate that the elimination of the indicator related to community resistance to the project suggests that project delays are not driven by overt social opposition, but rather by weak communication quality and insufficient community engagement. In the licensing factor, all indicators demonstrate that project delays result from the cumulative effects of slow processing, administrative unpreparedness, and weak inter-agency coordination. Regarding the financial factor, project delays are more strongly influenced by the project financial system’s ability to maintain cash flow continuity and cost control than by perceptions of the financial impact of delayed payments. The human resources factor confirms that project delays are associated with an imbalance between workload and workforce capacity, competence, productivity, and motivation. Meanwhile, the logistics and supply chain factor indicates that unprepared procurement and material distribution systems are a significant source of project delays, even when construction activities are technically well planned.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gesmulyadi, I Putu Artama Wiguna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ASSESMENT OF REPLACING DIESEL POWER PLANTS WITH OFF-GRID SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS IN REMOTE ELECTRIFIED VILLAGES: A CASE STUDY OF GUNUNG PUREI, INDONESIA
The electrification of remote and isolated areas remains a major challenge in Indonesia, particularly in 3T (Outermost, Frontier, and Disadvantaged) regions that still rely on diesel power plants with limited operating hours. This study evaluates the technical and economic feasibility of replacing an existing diesel power plant (PLTD) with an off-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) system integrated with battery energy storage at the Gunung Purei Village Electricity Unit (ULD), Central Kalimantan.The proposed system is designed to transform a 14-hour diesel-based operation into a continuous 24-hour electricity supply. Technical analysis was conducted using PVsyst to assess energy production and performance ratio (PR), while economic feasibility was evaluated using HOMER Pro through indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), Profitability Index (PI), and Discounted Payback Period (DPP). The study compares monocrystalline and polycrystalline PV modules under different battery autonomy scenarios.Results show that the optimal configuration consists of a 588 kWp off-grid solar PV system using 940 monocrystalline PV modules, five 100 kW inverters, a 500 kW power conversion system, and 27 battery sets with a total capacity of 2.94 MWh (one-day autonomy). This configuration achieves a performance ratio of 34.78% and satisfies the annual load demand of 896.19 MWh. From an economic perspective, the system is feasible, yielding a positive NPV of IDR 8.36 billion, a PI of 1.30, and a DPP of 24.77 years.The findings confirm that off-grid solar PV–battery systems using monocrystalline modules provide a technically reliable and economically viable solution for replacing diesel generation in remote electrified villages, while supporting Indonesia’s renewable energy mix target of 23%.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gustiyadi Fathur Rahmandi, Atok Setiyawan, Hendro Nurhadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BUSINESS MODEL FOR SPECIAL TRADITIONAL DRINKS OF GRESIK’S IN CURCUMA AND GINGER POTION “ESON”
The culinary business in Gresik Regency requires attention from at least local stakeholders, not only because of the high consumer interest in its culinary specialties but also because the market for these products is also becoming crowded and saturated. Meanwhile, the potential of this business is actually still vast, supported by the spirit of preserving local wisdom. Another problem that also arises is the level of business competition is also quite high. This study aims to determine how the BMC concept for MSEs practices in Gresik Regency. The focus of this study is to conduct observations on businesses in the culinary sector, specifically traditional beverages, such as sinom and temulawak "Eson". The results of this study revealed that the business model in this business is feasible with several recommendations regarding business management and networking, which require adaptation and alignment with current business developments. The empathy map as a business model tool shows a positive image of consumers or those who are satisfied with the product. However, in an effort to increase sales levels, marketing improvements are needed as a key to business success. Product quality is known to be good, but innovation in new flavors is possible, such as: adding different, contemporary ingredients, so that it can be an alternative to expand the market for traditional beverage products typical of Gresik Regency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vembri Aulia Rahmi, Hadi Ismanto, Suaibatul Aslamiyah, Muhammad Rosyihuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF WORK TRAINING AND WORK ETHIC ON TEACHER PERFORMANCE THROUGH WORK MOTIVATION AT STATE VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 1 STABAT
This study aims to analyze the effect of job training and work ethic on teacher performance with work motivation as a mediating variable at State Vocational High School (SMK) 1 Stabat. The background of the study departs from the importance of improving vocational teacher performance through strengthening training, work ethic, and work motivation. This study uses a quantitative approach with a population of all ASN at SMK Negeri 1 Stabat totaling 89 people (PNS and PPPK), all of whom are used as samples (population research). Data were collected through a Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) with SmartPLS. The results showed that job training had a positive but insignificant effect on teacher performance, but a positive and significant effect on work motivation. Work ethic had a positive and significant effect on teacher performance and work motivation. Work motivation also had a positive and significant effect on teacher performance. Indirectly, job training through work motivation did not have a significant effect on teacher performance, while work ethic through work motivation had a positive and significant effect on teacher performance. The R² values of 0.811 for work motivation and 0.862 for teacher performance indicate that the model is able to explain a high proportion of the variance in both dependent variables. This finding confirms that work ethic and work motivation are key factors in improving teacher performance, while on-the-job training plays a greater role in boosting work motivation than directly influencing performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Murti Khairani Lubis, Kiki Farida Ferine, Yohny Anwar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
COMMUNICATION PATTERNS OF INFORMATION DELIVERY ON PREPARATION FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF HAJJ WORSHIP AT THE MINISTRY OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS (Qualitative Study on Regular Hajj Pilgrims in Tabalong Regency in 2025)
This study analyzes communication patterns in the dissemination of information on the organization of the Hajj pilgrimage by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Tabalong Regency to Hajj pilgrims in 2025. The study is motivated by the diverse backgrounds of pilgrims in terms of gender, domicile, age, educational level, and occupation. These differences pose significant challenges in information delivery, requiring an adaptive and responsive communication system to ensure the safe, orderly, smooth, and comfortable implementation of the Hajj pilgrimage. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 10 informants, field observations, and documentation studies. Data analysis is grounded in Communication Accommodation Theory to understand convergence and divergence strategies in conveying Hajj-related information to pilgrims with diverse backgrounds. The findings reveal five main communication patterns: (1) a combination of face-to-face communication and digital platforms, (2) a tiered hierarchical communication system mediated by local actors, (3) adaptive two-way communication, (4) multidimensional channel convergence, and (5) continuous negotiation between hierarchical organizational structures and the need to adapt to pilgrims’ diversity. The challenges identified include cognitive limitations among elderly pilgrims, gaps in digital literacy, limited time and resources, inter-agency fragmentation, and technological complexity that is not fully user-friendly for elderly pilgrims. In conclusion, the communication patterns used in disseminating Hajj organization information by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Tabalong Regency represent a comprehensive and adaptive communication convergence strategy. This strategy is designed to build trust and ensure shared understanding among highly diverse pilgrims, creating a dynamic, responsive, yet organizationally structured communication system. The study recommends enhancing the use of more elderly-friendly communication technologies, strengthening the role of local mediators, extending the duration of Hajj rituals training (manasik), integrating inter-agency information systems, and developing specialized assistance programs for elderly pilgrims with specific health conditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muzahid Akbar Hayat, Mardiana, Alfi Syahrin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
VALUE FREE AND VALUE LADEN IN ISLAMIC VALUE-BASED MANAGEMENT RESEARCH: AN INTEGRATIVE STUDY OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND RESEARCH ETHICS
The long-standing debate about whether science should be value-free or value-laden has resurfaced as scientific research is used as a basis for public decision-making and organizational policy. On the one hand, the positivist tradition envisions science as devoid of moral, political, and religious considerations. On the other hand, recent studies in the philosophy of science suggest that this image is too naive. Heather Douglas, for example, argues that the ideal of value-free science is inadequate and undesirable because scientific decisions always involve inductive risks and moral consequences that cannot be ignored, so non-epistemic values inevitably come into play at various stages of research (Douglas, 2000; Douglas, 2009). Helen Longino adds that scientific theories are underpinned by background assumptions imbued with values and ideologies, so objectivity is better understood as the result of critical practices within the scientific community rather than as the complete absence of values (Longino, 1996). In management research, particularly when it touches on business ethics, social responsibility, and sustainability, this value dimension is increasingly evident, while the literature on Islamic business ethics and Islamic work ethics (IWE) explicitly places monotheism, justice, trustworthiness, and maslahah as guiding principles for organizational behavior (Sofyan et al., 2024; Zaroni & Lestari, 2025; Sudirman et al., 2024). This article compiles an integrative literature review of these writings to propose a framework for responsible objectivity in Islamic value-based management research, namely scientific practices that maintain methodological rigor while honestly acknowledging and managing the role of Islamic values in an explicit and accountable manner.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anton Prasetyo, Ahmed Hassan Ebed Elsalam Albawab, Rizqi Adhyka Kusumawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PRIORITIZING SUPPLIER SELECTION TO REDUCE SCOPE 3 EMISSIONS USING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)
The research addresses problems in supplier selection for collaboration to reduce Scope 3 emissions at PT Sejahtera Indonesia (PTSI). It is driven by the company's need to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, in line with the global target. Reducing Scope 3 emissions is important because it covers most of the total emissions. However, the company faces difficulties in reducing emissions because of a large number of suppliers. The company can’t collaborate with all suppliers due to limited time and resources. Therefore, the company must prioritize suppliers that will have a significant impact on collaboration to reduce Scope 3 emissions. This research will use qualitative methods through literature review and FGD, and quantitative methods through a pairwise comparisons questionnaire for AHP. Previous journals have used various criteria for supplier selection. These criteria are then filtered based on their suitability for the research topic, resulting in six criteria that will be proposed and discussed in the FGD. FGD is conducted with four experts to determine the final criteria to be used in the AHP method. AHP is used as a data analysis method to prioritize criteria and alternatives based on the determined criteria. The final criteria are green image, environmental management system, environmental commitment, and carbon emissions. In the alternatives result, Supplier B is the most priority supplier, with a weight of 56.96%. Supplier B has the highest score and is showing strong performance across all criteria. Followed by Supplier E, Supplier A, Supplier D, and Supplier C. These results provide solutions for PTSI, enabling collaboration with suppliers with the highest potential for emissions reduction, considering several criteria.
Copyright (c) 2026 Silvia Anggraini, Yudo Anggoro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE COMPETENCE OF AGAMA COURT AND ITS RELATION WITH THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN’S RIGHTS (STUDY OF MARRIAGE DISPENSATION IN THE CLASS I-B AGAMA COURT KISARAN)
This article aimed to examine the legal position of Agama Court in their authority to determine marriage dispensations at the Kisaran Class I-B of Agama Court. By using normative legal research methods, collecting data obtained from library sources. This research found that a marriage dispensation is a legal space to ensure legal justice for the community to obtain legal certainty for marriages conducted under the age of 19, as stipulated in the Indonesian Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974, as Amended by Law No. 19 of 2024. The Supreme Court promulgated Perma No. 5 of 2019 concerning Guiding Adjudication of Marriage Dispensation Application, which emphasizes that, in principle that the best interests of the child are the primary consideration. Of course, the courts are seen as perpetuating child marriage. However, this judicial mechanism actually demonstrates that the courts must adjudicate properly and carefully to ensure that the principle of the best interests of the child in cases where the marriageable age limit deviates from the marriageable age, fulfilling the requirements for establishing a household.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diana Evrina Nasution, Andoko, T. Riza Zarzani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CONTRACTOR DECISION MAKING ON CONTINUING A SUSPENDED PROJECT USING AHP-TOPSIS (A CASE STUDI OF THE NINES PLAZA & RESIDENCE BSD PROJECT)
Suspended construction projects pose multidimensional challenges and necessitate accountable follow-up decision-making from the contractor’s perspective. This study develops a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) framework to determine the most appropriate alternative for continuing a suspended high-rise building project, using the Nines Plaza and Residence BSD as a case study. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to derive priority weights for nine decision criteria, while the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is used to rank four decision alternatives for project continuation. Decision robustness is examined through contextual scenario variations, respondent clustering based on expertise, and sensitivity analysis of criterion dominance. The results indicate that cost and financing are the most influential criteria, and continuing the project through a strategic partnership (joint venture) emerges as the best alternative. Robustness testing confirms that the decision outcome is stable and not driven by a single dominant criterion, demonstrating that the integrated AHP–TOPSIS approach is a suitable decision-support tool for contractors dealing with suspended construction projects.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jiwo Waskito, Endah Kurniyaningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS OF ILLEGAL MIGRANT WORKERS: AN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL PERSPECTIVE
The increase in international migration has led to a growing number of migrant workers in irregular or illegal situations, especially from developing countries such as Indonesia. In reality, illegal migrant workers are often seen solely as violators of immigration laws, so their presence is often associated with repressive actions such as detention and deportation. In addition, the presence of illegal migrant workers often creates vulnerabilities, including exploitation, discrimination, human trafficking, and limited access to justice. This study aims to analyze the understanding of human rights protection for illegal migrant workers and state responsibilities in the context of international law. The method used in this study is normative legal research with a legislative and conceptual approach, through an analysis of international legal instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, ICCPR, ICESCR, and ILO Convention No. 143 of 1975. The research findings show that illegal migration status does not eliminate the basic rights of migrant workers as individuals with human rights. The state is responsible for respecting, protecting, and fulfilling the rights of illegal migrant workers without discrimination. This protection includes the right to decent working conditions, fair wages, protection from exploitation, and access to justice. Therefore, migration policies based on human rights and alignment of national laws with international legal standards are needed to ensure humane and fair protection for irregular migrant workers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rani Salsabila Dalimunthe, Harisman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF WORK MOTIVATION AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE IN THE INFLUENCE OF WORK ORIENTATION AND COMPENSATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE ERA OF DIGITALIZATION AND THE USE OF AI TECHNOLOGY AT MATA MATA HOSPITAL
The development of the era of digitalization and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology requires organizations, including hospitals, to have adaptive and high-performance human resources. Employee performance is influenced by various factors, including job orientation, compensation, and work motivation. This study aims to analyze the influence of work orientation and compensation on employee performance with work motivation as a mediating variable at Ramata Eye Hospital in the era of digitalization and the use of AI technology. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The population in this study is all employees of Mata Eye Hospital, with a sample of 136 respondents determined using saturated sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire measured using the Likert scale. Data analysis was carried out using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method based on Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of the study show that work orientation and compensation have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. In addition, job orientation and compensation also have a positive and significant effect on work motivation. Work motivation has been shown to have a positive and significant effect on employee performance and acts as a partial mediating variable in the relationship between work orientation and compensation for employee performance. These findings show that improving employee performance depends not only on compensation and job orientation, but also on strengthening work motivation, especially in the face of the demands of technological adaptation and the digitalization of healthcare services. This research is expected to make a theoretical contribution to the development of human resource management as well as a practical contribution to the management of Ramata Eye Hospital in formulating strategies to improve employee performance in a sustainable manner.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Kadek Ika Darmayanti, Nilna Muna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF TEAMWORK AND WORK DISCIPLINE IN IMPROVING TEACHER PRODUCTIVITY
This study aims to analyze the role of teamwork synergy and work discipline as an important foundation in increasing teacher productivity at SMP Negeri 18 Palu. The method used is quantitative with a population and sample of 30 people including the principal and teachers. The sampling technique is a saturated sampling approach. Data collection in this study was obtained through interviews and questionnaire distribution which were then processed using the SPSS ver. 25 application. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results obtained state that: (1) partially teamwork has a positive and significant effect on increasing teacher productivity; (2) partially work discipline has a positive and significant effect on increasing teacher productivity; and (3) simultaneously there is a significant influence between teamwork and work discipline on teacher productivity
Copyright (c) 2026 Moh Fadigal, Bakri Hasanuddin, Harnida Wahyuni Adda, Faruq Lamusa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
VILLAGE FUND CORRUPTION IN CENTRAL LOMPO VILLAGE, BARRU REGENCY: RESISTANCE TO SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS OF THE COMMUNITY
This study analyzes corruption involving Village Funds in Lompo Tengah Village, Barru Regency, and proposes preventive measures for transparent and fair management. The objectives include identifying corruption forms and ideal prevention strategies. Using normative and empirical methods, primary data were gathered through observations and interviews, while secondary data came from literature. Findings indicate that corruption arises from weak supervision, low integrity of officials, poor governance, economic issues, and inadequate understanding of financial regulations. Effective prevention requires collaboration among village, community, and local government, with a focus on capacity building, public information transparency, and empowering institutions like the Village Consultative Body (BPD) and Village Consultative Meeting (Musdes). Implementing good governance principles—accountability, participation, and rule of law—is vital for achieving clean management of Village Funds that benefits the community.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jumardin Jumardin, Sunardi Purwanda, Muhammad Sabir, Bakhtiar Tijjang, Khaerul Mannan, Andi Sri Rezky Wulandari, Ardiyanti Aris https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STUDY OF NGSO VHTS SATELLITE SYSTEM FOR BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY IN INDONESIA
Indonesia’s archipelagic geography, uneven population distribution, and limited terrestrial infrastructure present persistent challenges to achieving inclusive and sustainable broadband connectivity. These constraints contribute to the digital divide, limiting access to digital public services. This study examines a Ka-band Very High Throughput Satellite (VHTS) system implemented in a Non-Geostationary Satellite Orbit (NGSO) Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellation specifically tailored for tropical regions. The work combines orbital modeling, Ka-band link budget analysis, multibeam capacity evaluation, and rain attenuation mitigation. A 400 km LEO altitude gives the best balance between coverage, latency, and performance, with round-trip delays of about 3.5–4 ms. Automatic Transmit Power Control (ATPC) and adaptive phased array beamforming maintain the link availability even in severe tropical rain, which reduces the signal by more than 12 dB. A staggered national deployment plan shows that NGSO-VHTS systems can be used for broadband access and future 5G/6G Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rama Setya Anggara, Heroe Wijanto, Budi Syihabuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DOES IPO IMPROVE COMPANY FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF INDONESIA.
This study aims to analyze the differences in financial performance of companies before and after an Initial Public Offering (IPO) in Indonesia. The study uses a quantitative approach with a comparative approach. The sample consists of companies that conducted an IPO on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2022, with an observation period of two years before the IPO (2020–2021) and two years after the IPO (2023–2024). The data used is secondary data obtained from the companies' annual financial reports. Financial performance is measured using liquidity ratios, leverage, profitability, activity, and asset growth. Analysis was conducted using nonparametric statistical tests to identify differences in financial performance before and after the IPO. The results show that an IPO causes significant changes in a company's financial performance, but the direction of these changes does not always indicate an increase. Most companies experienced a decline in profitability after the IPO, while asset growth tended to increase. These findings suggest that an IPO plays a more significant role as a means of funding and corporate growth rather than a direct determinant of improved financial performance. This study contributes to understanding the impact of an IPO on the financial performance of companies in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aprilian Lahamido, Mohammad Nofal, Muslimin, Anisah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF PROMOTION AND SERVICE QUALITY ON DECISIONS SAVING THROUGH CUSTOMER TRUST IN BANKS WEST JAVA MEDAN BRANCH OFFICE
The increasingly fierce competition in the banking industry requires banks to optimize their promotional strategies and service quality to increase customer savings decisions, particularly by establishing trust. This study aims to analyze the effect of promotion and service quality on savings decisions with customer trust as a mediating variable at Bank Jawa Barat (BJB) Medan Branch. This study uses a quantitative approach with primary data obtained through a questionnaire distributed to 120 savings customers. Data analysis techniques used Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the help of SmartPLS software. The results show that promotion and service quality have a positive and significant effect on savings decisions. In addition, promotion and service quality are also proven to have a positive and significant effect on customer trust. Customer trust itself has a positive and significant effect on savings decisions. The results of the indirect effect test show that customer trust is able to mediate the effect of promotion and service quality on the decision to save. The coefficient of determination (R²) value shows that promotion and service quality are able to explain 48.7% of the variation in customer trust, while promotion, service quality, and customer trust together explain 57.4% of the variation in the decision to save. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that customer trust plays a strategic role in strengthening the influence of promotion and service quality on savings decisions. Therefore, Bank BJB Medan Branch Office is advised to continue improving the quality of informative and consistent promotions and improving service quality, particularly in terms of responsiveness and reliability, to build and maintain customer trust in the long term.
Copyright (c) 2026 Etrie Septiani Lubis, Slamet Widodo, Muhammad Dharma Tuah Putra Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPLEMENTATION POLICY OF BPBD OF THE REGENT OF ACEH SINGKIL NUMBER 14 OF 2025 DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER RISK REDUCTION IN ACEH SINGKIL REGENCY
This study aims to determine and describe the implementation policy of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of the Aceh Singkil Regent Number 14 of 2025 Duties and Functions in Disaster Risk Reduction in Aceh Singkil Regency. used. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques namely interviews, documentation and non-participant observation. Through purposive sampling techniques obtained two key informants consisting of the Head of the BPBD Service then several community opinions. The results of field research show that the cause of frequent regional flooding in Aceh Singkil Regency is several technical problems that have not been resolved properly such as Technical and Infrastructure Problems, Spatial Planning Problems, Social and Compliance Problems, Government Coordination Problems and Funding and Political Limitations. So that these disasters are not resolved because several problems from the government itself have not been resolved by the Aceh Singkil Regent. If the problems from the government have been resolved properly, I as a researcher believe that the problem of flooding can be resolved effectively and efficiently.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syukri, Andri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS RISK MANAGEMENT FOR PROCUREMENT OF GOODS AND SERVICES IN DAM PROJECTS
Dam projects are construction projects with a high level of complexity and uncertainty, particularly during the procurement of goods and services. A poorly managed procurement process has the potential to pose significant risks to project performance in terms of cost, time, quality, and safety. This study aims to identify risk indicators for procurement of goods and services during the vendor selection stage of a dam project, determine priority risks based on the Severity Index (SI) and Risk Index (RI), and formulate appropriate risk responses. The research method used is a quantitative approach with data collection through literature studies, observations, interviews, and questionnaires distributed to respondents experienced in the field of procurement and dam project management. Risk analysis was conducted referring to the ISO 31000:2018 risk management framework. The results show that procurement risks are spread across aspects of administration and compliance, vendor technical and capability, financial and price, time and performance, occupational safety and health, and the supply chain. Some risks are categorized as high to very high and require priority control. This study provides a practical contribution in the form of risk mapping and risk response recommendations that can be used as a basis for procurement decisions in dam projects.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bambang Asmoro, Silia Yuslim, Endah Kurniyaningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MULTI-COMMODITY INVENTORY MODEL FOR FREE NUTRITIOUS FOOD PROGRAMS BASED ON ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY, JUST-IN-TIME, AND REORDER POINT: A CASE STUDY OF GUNUNG SINDUR DISTRICT
The Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) requires efficient inventory management due to its routine distribution schedule and the involvement of food commodities with different shelf lives. This study evaluates MBG inventory management at the Nutrition Fulfillment Service Unit (SPPG) level in Gunung Sindur District using a multi-commodity framework based on Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Just-in-Time (JIT), Reorder Point (ROP), and Safety Stock (SS), including an assessment of cold storage for vegetable commodities. A deterministic quantitative approach is applied, assuming a daily demand of 42,467 meal portions over 240 operational days per year. Rice and eggs are managed using EOQ with ROP and SS, while vegetables are analyzed under JIT and EOQ with cold storage. The results show annual distribution costs of IDR 399 million for rice and IDR 153 million for eggs. JIT-based vegetable distribution incurs the highest cost at IDR 720 million per year. Although cold storage reduces vegetable distribution costs to IDR 480 million per year, additional cold storage costs of IDR 529.2 million increase total system costs from IDR 1.272 billion (without cold storage) to IDR 1.561 billion (with cold storage). As of January 2026, only six of eight SPPG units are operational, serving 21,575 beneficiaries, indicating that at least 12 SPPG units are required to meet full MBG demand.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shanti Pujilestari, Siti Aminatu Zuhria, Handono Bayuadji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF AUTOMATIC EXECUTION IN BLOCKCHAIN-BASED SMART CONTRACTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE PRINCIPLE OF FREEDOM OF CONTRACT
The principle of freedom of contract, as regulated in Article 1338 paragraph (1) of the Indonesian Civil Code, affirms that legally formed agreements bind the parties as law. This principle grants contractual autonomy to determine the formation, parties, and content of agreements, provided they do not violate statutory law, public order, or morality. However, such freedom is limited by the principles of good faith, fairness, proportionality, and the protection of weaker parties.The development of blockchain technology has introduced smart contracts as automatically executed electronic agreements based on pre-programmed code. Legally, smart contracts may be considered valid contracts insofar as they fulfill the requirements of Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code and comply with the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions. Digital consent, such as authorization through a digital wallet, constitutes a legitimate expression of agreement.Smart contracts represent a modern manifestation of freedom of contract by enabling automated performance without third-party intervention, reflecting the prior intention of the parties embedded in blockchain-based code. Their application on platforms such as Stellar Lumens (XLM) demonstrates practical implementation in cryptocurrency transactions. Nevertheless, legal challenges remain, including regulatory gaps, transaction anonymity, technological inequality, and potential imbalances in bargaining power. Therefore, adaptive legal regulation is essential to ensure legal certainty, fairness, and effective legal protection.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wahyu Nathasia, Nuzul Rahmayani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE K4F MODEL FOR DEEP LEARNING POLICIES: INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE AND POLICY LEARNING IN EDUCATION
The implementation of public policies often encounters many challenges due to a lack of coordination between sectors, a lack of technological access, and a limited policy learning process. This study used the Integrative Literature Review (ILR) approach. The aim of this study is to create a conceptual model of policy implementation by combining theoretical and empirical results from five reputable international journal articles discussing cross-sector public policies. This study was conducted in four systematic stages: (1) content analysis; (2) thematic mapping; (3) creating a conceptual model; and (4) contextual analysis of education policy issues related to deep learning in Indonesia. This study has novelty in integrative literature synthesis, resulting in the K4F (Key Four Factors Framework) model by comparing four main aspects, including leadership, collaboration, adaptive justice, and sustainable learning through framing elements as a binding element of values and policy direction. The K4F model showed that the success of a policy depends on the dynamic relationship between transformational leadership, collaboration, the social justice principle, and a sustainable policy learning system. This model not only broadens theoretical discourse regarding the understanding of adaptive governance and policy learning in education but also provides a practical contribution as a tool to assess the readiness and effectiveness of the implementation of policy in Indonesia related to learning using deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marina Dwi Mayangsari, Ahmad Suriansyah, Sulistiyana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF PEDAGOGICAL AND PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE ON TEACHER PERFORMANCE THROUGH ECONOMIC LEARNING INNOVATION AS A MODERATING VARIABLE IN HIGH SCHOOL IN MAKASSAR CITY
The influence of pedagogical and professional competence on teacher performance through innovation in economics learning as a moderating variable in senior high schools in Makassar City. This study used a quantitative approach with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the causal relationship between variables. The results showed that professional competence had the greatest influence on learning innovation and teacher performance, followed by pedagogical competence. Learning innovation acted as a moderating variable that strengthened the influence of teacher competence on performance, although its contribution was relatively small. These results emphasize the importance of developing teacher competence in improving performance in senior high schools in Makassar City. There was a positive relationship between pedagogical and professional competence and teacher performance, and learning innovation as a moderating variable that influenced teacher performance. These findings emphasize the need for increased training and competency development for teachers to be able to innovate in learning. In addition, increasing learning innovation can be an effective strategy in improving student motivation and learning outcomes. This study provides important implications for educational policymakers to support the continuous strengthening of teacher competence. Thus, the development of competence and innovation in economics learning needs to be a top priority in efforts to improve the quality of education in senior high schools in Makassar City.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sintawati S, Thamrin Thahir, Muhammad Hasan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MODELING DIGITAL ADOPTION IN THE HALAL SECTOR: A UTAUT-BASED QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF MSMES IN EAST KALIMANTAN
Objective: This study aims to examine the factors influencing the adoption of digital marketing among halal MSMEs in East Kalimantan using the UTAUT framework, by testing hypotheses H1–H8: the effects of performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), and social influence (SI) on behavioral intention (BI); the effect of personal innovativeness (PI) on BI; the effect of BI on use behavior (UB); and the moderating role of PI on the relationships between PE→BI, EE→BI, and SI→BI. Methods: This study employed a quantitative survey approach using primary data collected through questionnaires from 100 halal MSME actors in East Kalimantan, selected using non-probability purposive sampling with the following criteria: marketing halal products, domiciled in East Kalimantan, and having used at least one digital marketing channel. Respondents were predominantly female (84%), aged 31–50 years, and business owners (87%). The latent variables measured included PE (2 indicators), EE (3), SI (2), PI (2), BI (3), and UB (1). Data were analyzed using PLS-SEM with bootstrapping procedures and one-tailed significance testing (α = 0.05). Results: The findings indicate that the intention to use digital marketing among halal MSMEs is more strongly shaped by social influence and individual innovativeness than by perceived performance benefits or perceived ease of use. The formed intention is consistently associated with actual digital marketing usage behavior. In addition, personal innovativeness was found to moderate the effects of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on intention, but did not moderate the influence of social factors on intention. This pattern suggests that digital marketing adoption decisions among halal MSMEs in the study area are primarily driven by social dynamics and the innovative disposition of business owners, while usefulness and ease of use are not always direct determinants when business actors already have initial exposure to digital channels. Implications: The findings emphasize the importance of strengthening social ecosystems (communities, networks, and customer encouragement) and enhancing the personal innovativeness of business owners to reinforce intention and promote actual use of digital marketing among halal MSMEs. Practical recommendations include community-based mentoring, digital literacy programs emphasizing guided experimentation, and training in performance measurement. Future studies are encouraged to expand sample size and diversity, enrich the measurement of use behavior with multi-item or behavioral indicators, and incorporate implementation determinants (e.g., facility support and digital capabilities) to improve explanatory power.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tikawati, Siti Qomariah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCE
The purpose of this study is to investigate how environmental regulation in enhancing corporate sustainability performance. Using a qualitative approach through literature review, this research explores how environmental policies, sustainability reporting, and green accounting practices contribute to corporate accountability and long-term value creation. The findings indicate that rules suc as Indonesia’s POJK No. 51/POJK.03/2017 effectively drive greater transparency and ecological responsibility among businesses. Furthermore, governance quality, managerial capacity, and organizational structure are determined to be essential for the effective execution of these regulations. This research provides practical insights for policymakers and scholars, and highlights future research directions in environmental audit digitalization and sustainability innovation across industries
Copyright (c) 2026 Syntia Ratna Dewi, Andi Basru Wawo, Nur Asni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (TOD) AT TRANS SEMARANG TRANSIT POINTS
Semarang, a major metropolitan city in Indonesia, faces significant transportation challenges, including severe traffic congestion and air pollution, driven by a high societal reliance on private vehicles. In response, the city has implemented the Trans Semarang Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system and has officially committed to Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) in its planning documents. However, a critical gap exists between this policy ambition and practical implementation, primarily due to a lack of quantitative tools to assess the existing level of TOD at its transit points. This study addresses this gap by developing and applying a comprehensive TOD Index to objectively evaluate the performance of 27 transit points along the Trans Semarang network. The research utilized a GIS-based Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis (SMCA) approach, initially drawing 13 indicators rooted in the 5Ds TOD framework. A rigorous data suitability analysis, involving Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's tests, refined the model to a final set of 10 statistically robust indicators. Indicators weights were determined objectively using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to ensure the resulting scores reflected the inherent structure of the spatial data. The results reveal a distinct monocentric spatial pattern of TOD performance, characterized by a concentration of high-scoring transit points within the dense, historic urban core, while stations on the suburban fringe consistently exhibit low TOD scores. A critical finding of this study is the apparent statistical independence among key TOD dimensions: urban form (density, design) was found to be disconnected from land-use diversity and transit service quality. This highlights a fundamental lack of integration in the city's current land-use and transportation planning efforts. Ultimately, this research provides the Semarang City Government with a valuable, data-driven diagnostic tool to identify underperforming areas, prioritize strategic investments, and formulate evidence-based policies. The findings underscore the urgent need for a more integrated approach to planning to achieve the city’s sustainable development goals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aisha Sakina Salsabiila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF EMERGENCY ON THE CLIMATE CRISIS AND MINING MANAGEMENT ON THE SMALL ISLAND OF SANGIHE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR NATIONAL SECURITY
Study This analyze relatedness between escalation crisis global climate , practices mining , and increasing vulnerability security Indonesian nationals on the islands small outermost with make the small island of Sangihe as studies case strategic . Crisis climate enlarge pressure ecological on the island small ones who have Power support limited at a time mark strategic for sovereignty and integrity of the country's maritime territory , especially when intersecting with mining scale big . Research This use method juridical normative through approach regulation legislation , conceptual , and analysis decision court For evaluate capacity law national in respond threat ecological and non - military findings show that Sangihe Island covering an area of ±73,700 hectares Once burdened concession mining of PT Tambang Mas Sangihe covering an area of ±42,000 hectares which triggered degradation environment , conflict social , and improvement risk climate . Although permission mining has canceled in a way powerful law remain in 2024, activity mine Keep going took place on an area of ±30 hectares by two companies local as proxy operation through scheme partnership with PT TMS. Framework law national , including ratification of the Paris Agreement, decision Supreme Court , and the Constitutional Court in particular consistent forbid mining on the island small with classify it as abnormally dangerous activity, emphasized that practice the is non- military threats to security national and demanding reconstruction policy integrated in situation emergency climate
Copyright (c) 2026 MUH. JAMIL, M. Adnan Madjid, Anang Puji Utama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES OF THE CENTRAL KALIMANTAN REGIONAL POLICE AGAINST NARCOTICS DISTRIBUTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH LAW NO. 35 OF 2009 ON NARCOTICS
The abuse and distribution of narcotics among university students remains a growing concern, particularly in Central Kalimantan. This study aims to analyze the Upayaes and approaches implemented by the Central Kalimantan Regional Police (POLDA Kalteng) in preventing drug circulation within academic environments, especially in reference to the enforcement of Law No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics. Utilizing a juridical-empirical method, data were collected through interviews, field observations, and literature studies. The findings reveal that the police have initiated several preventive measures including public campaigns, educational outreach, utilization of social media platforms, and formal collaborations with universities through the formation of Anti-Narcotics Task Forces. However, these initiatives, especially those focused directly on students, remain inconsistent and often event-based. Legal enforcement has been applied equally, with no exemption for students, while still allowing for rehabilitation alternatives for non-distributing users. The main challenges faced include limited funding, low student participation, weak family reporting, and inadequate intersectoral coordination. This study recommends enhancing structured and continuous drug prevention programs on campus, strengthening institutional support from universities and student organizations, and increasing family involvement in early detection and intervention. The outcomes of this research are expected to support the development of more effective anti-narcotics policies within higher education institutions and to promote a more vigilant and resilient campus culture against drug abuse.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jenika, Aristoteles, Andika Wijaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BUILDING A CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY MODEL FOR STATE INSTITUTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF THE JUDICIAL COMMISSION AS EXTERNAL OVERSEER OF JUDGES (DEVELOPING A CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY MODEL FOR STATE INSTITUTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF THE JUDICIAL COM
The role of external oversight institutions in maintaining the integrity of the judicial system is becoming increasingly important in contemporary governance. However, there is often a significant gap between institutional mandates and public perceptions, resulting in diminished public trust in judicial institutions. This study proposes a conceptual model of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) adapted from the private sector for application to the context of state institutions, using the Indonesian Judicial Commission as a comprehensive case study. Using a qualitative exploratory approach, the study analyzes the Commission's constitutional mandate in depth, combined with a review of contemporary CSR frameworks to assess its applicability to public oversight functions. The findings suggest that the adaptive application of CSR principles—such as operational transparency, authentic public participation, and sustainable community empowerment—can significantly enhance institutional legitimacy and the effectiveness of external oversight. This study introduces a CSR model tailored to the context of state institutions, comprising three key interrelated dimensions: legal education and civic awareness, public advocacy and institutional socialization, and community empowerment through participatory governance. The study suggests that CSR is not simply a tool to enhance corporate image, but a vital and strategic instrument for strengthening public trust and accountability in the modern judicial governance system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arif Budiman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF THE COMPARISON OF MORINGA OLEEFERA ( Moringa oleifera) AND ROSELA ( Hibiscus sabdariffa ) LEAVES IN KOMBUCHA TISANE ON ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, PH VALUE, AND ORGANOLEPTICS
Kombucha is a fermented beverage produced from bacteria and yeast. Moringa leaves are herbs that have long been known for their various benefits. Roselle is a plant with red petals and high anthocyanin content. This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of moringa and roselle leaves on the antioxidant activity of kombucha and to determine the optimal ratio for kombucha antioxidant activity. The research method used was a laboratory experiment with a Completely Randomized Design (RUPS), which consisted of treatments with various concentrations of moringa and roselle leaves, namely 90%:10%, 80%:20%, 70%:30%, and 60%:40%. The variables observed were antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, pH levels using a pH meter, and organoleptic quality. Parametric data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and if there were significant differences, continued with the DMRT test. Non-parametric data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis method. The results showed that increasing the concentration of moringa leaves significantly increased antioxidant activity, pH, and decreased taste. However, there were no significant differences in color and aroma. The De Garmo method identified 90% moringa leaves and 10% roselle flowers as the optimal formulation with an antioxidant inhibition value of 82.63%, a pH of 3.567, and organoleptic scores of color 3, taste 1, and aroma 2.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizka Andrea Safira, Retnani Rahmiati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EFFECTIVENESS OF SOCIAL MEDIA AS A MARKETING AND PROMOTIONAL TOOL FOR MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMEs) CASE STUDY: PT GLOBAL ATCO SUKSESTAMA
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of using social media as a marketing and promotional tool for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), with a case study of PT Global Atco Suksestama. The rapid development of digital technology requires MSMEs to adapt to changes in consumer behavior, which is increasingly reliant on social media for seeking information and conducting transactions. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The findings indicate that the use of social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok significantly increases promotional reach and brand awareness. However, its effectiveness remains limited by constraints in human resources for content management and by digital marketing strategies that have not yet been optimized. This study concludes that social media is an effective promotional medium for MSMEs when supported by consistent content strategies, accurate audience analysis, and the utilization of digital advertising features.
Copyright (c) 2026 Atikah Putriyani, Tri Mulyaningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INNER CONFLICT AND THE SEARCH FOR MEANING IN LIFE: A HUMANISTIC ANALYSIS OF WUNI NOVEL BY ERSTA ANDANTINO**
This study aims to examine the dynamics of inner conflict and the search for meaning in life experienced by the character Jaka in the novel Wuni through a humanistic psychology approach. Inner conflict in the novel functions not merely as a narrative aesthetic element, but also as a representation of the character’s existential struggle in confronting social pressures, past trauma, and inherited cultural and spiritual values. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method using content analysis techniques applied to the novel text. The data consist of narrative units containing inner conflict and the search for meaning in life, which are systematically coded to enhance analytical validity. The findings indicate that Jaka’s inner conflict is closely related to his inability to fulfill fundamental psychological needs, such as safety, social acceptance, and self-esteem. These conflicts subsequently drive the character into a process of searching for meaning through inner reflection, spiritual experiences, and confrontation with ancestral heritage. This process ultimately leads Jaka toward self-acceptance and self-actualization, as conceptualized in humanistic psychological theory. The findings affirm that Wuni represents literature as a medium of human reflection that integrates psychological, cultural, and spiritual dimensions. This study is expected to enrich literary studies grounded in humanistic psychology and contribute to literature education oriented toward the development of humanistic values.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tri Puji Setyawati, Onok Yayang Pamungkas, Eko Suroso, Kuntoro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF DIGITAL MARKETING AND LEARNING ORIENTATION ON MARKETING PERFORMANCE: MEDIATING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
This study examines how digital marketing, market orientation, and competitive advantage enable batik MSMEs in Proppo Sub-District, Pamekasan Regency, enhance their marketing performance using a resource-based viewpoint. The research population, which was chosen using a census sampling technique, consists of 59 MSME batik business players who use digital marketing. The data was analysed using partial least squares (PLS) modelling of variance-based structural equations. The results show that digital marketing and market orientation greatly increase competitive advantage, which enhances marketing performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ardy Fimansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPROVING FRONTLINER MERCHANDISER CAPABILITY THROUGH STANDARDIZED ONBOARDING: A CASE STUDY IN THE FMCG INDUSTRY
For sustainable business growth in the FMCG industry, consistently achieving KPI targets for frontliner merchandiser and salesman is a must because they are fully supported by marketing and the company to do that. Data shows that 54 merchandisers in eight areas of Jakarta only achieved 80.4% of their on-time Visibility KPI target in the third week of August 2025, which should have been achieved in every second week. The purpose of this study is to identify the causes of this gap, design a scalable and sustainable onboarding framework that can be applied across all regions and third-party agencies. The study used Focus Group Discussions, interviews, and fishbone analysis to understand what happens in actual field operations. After gathering feedback, validating the root causes of key issues, and training trends, especially for new employees entering the field without clear guidance, this study aims to find solutions and model recommendations. Based on these insights, the recommendation is to build a standardized onboarding framework and training materials through ADKAR approach that provide the same basic skills for every frontliner merchandiser. A structured and sustainable onboarding process is expected to improve capabilities, increase KPI-productivity achievement, and support long-term operational consistency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aprilianto Setyawan, Aurik Gustomo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TRANSFORMATION OF STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE SOLUTION IN THE PORT OPERATOR CORPORATION : A SCENARIO APPROACH
This research existed as conducted to assess the compatibility of scenario planning to prepare plausible strategies for learning and consulting company that functions as part of an SOE port operator group, in developing its capabilities to meet the difficulties of fulfilling the parent company's mandate as an HR solution enabler. A qualitative research initiated by combine external environmental analysis using PESTEL and internal resource evaluation with the VRIO model to identify critical uncertainties that impact the company's strategic direction. These variables form the basis of a four-scenario matrix that captures a range of believable upcoming conditions. Each circumstance exists as advanced with detailed stories, calculated consequences, promptly warning signals, and reply possibilities. From the more extensive set of driving influences, two vital ambiguities stand as determined: the degree of calculated freedom granted to the corporation within the SOE group and the level of marketplace openness beyond the inside harbor operator ecosystem. The discoveries indicating that (1) advancement focuses vary notably between contexts but still demand a baseline, especially in terms of resource oversight capacities, strategy standardization, and business abilities; (2) Excessive dependency on third-party ability without a systematic inner competency roadmap poses long-term calculated risks; and (3) Gradual skill advancement, aligned with feasible upcoming conditions, empowers bodies to balance short-term efficiency necessities and performance targets with long-term calculated placement. The investigation concludes that context organization plays a essential position as a business approach tool while as well highlighting the importance of ordered skill construction that aligned with organization long-term tactical intent and institutional oversight restrictions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Giswari Meisya Nabilah, Yos Sunitiyoso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF AGGRAVATED THEFT BASED ON (DECISION NUMBER 1150/PID.B/2024/PN MDN)
This study aims to conduct a juridical analysis of the application of criminal law in cases of aggravated theft as adjudicated in Decision Number 1150/PID.B/2024/PN MDN (Medan District Court). The primary focus is to identify and examine the conformity between the legal facts revealed during the trial and the elements of theft as stipulated in Article 363 of the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP), as well as the legal considerations of the judge in rendering the verdict. The research method employed is normative-empirical with a case study approach. The main data source is Decision Number 1150/PID.B/2024/PN MDN, supported by literature studies related to criminal law theory, aggravated theft, and court decisions. The analysis indicates that the panel of judges carefully considered the fulfillment of the elements of aggravated theft, particularly the existence of at least one aggravating factor (for instance, the act was committed at night or involved two or more individuals). The juridical considerations of the judges in this decision are deemed consistent with the provisions of Article 363 KUHP and the applicable principles of criminal law. This study concludes that the decision reflects a balanced law enforcement approach between legitimate proof and the imposition of fair sanctions. The implication of this research highlights the importance of careful verification of aggravating elements to ensure legal certainty and justice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zeno Eronu Zalukhu, Suci Ramadani, Ismaidar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTEGRATING GASING AND DEEP LEARNING IN IMPROVING MATHEMATICS LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
This study aims to systematically examine the application of the Gasing method integrated with a Deep Learning approach in elementary school mathematics education, focusing on its impact on students’ learning achievement. The Gasing method emphasizes deep conceptual understanding, strengthens connections among mathematical concepts, and promotes students’ critical and reflective thinking skills. Beyond improving academic performance, this approach supports meaningful learning and cognitive development throughout the instructional process. This research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology by analyzing 14 relevant academic articles published between 2020 and 2025, sourced from reputable databases, including Google Scholar. The SLR approach was selected for its ability to provide a comprehensive, objective, and evidence-based synthesis of existing research findings. The results indicate that the implementation of the Gasing method in elementary mathematics learning consistently has a positive effect on students’ achievement, encompassing both cognitive and affective domains. These findings highlight the significance of integrating the Gasing method with a Deep Learning approach to create engaging, reflective, and meaningful learning experiences. Therefore, this instructional approach demonstrates strong potential for wider application in primary education to enhance the quality of mathematics learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kadek Ashadi Putra, Yusuf Tri Herlambang, Yunus Abidin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF EDUCATION LEVEL, INFRASTRUCTURE AND WORK SKILLS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT THE EDUCATION AND CULTURE OFFICE OF KUPANG REGENCY
This study examines the influence of education level, work infrastructure, and job-related skills on employee performance within a local public education institution in Indonesia. In the context of public sector reform, improving employee performance remains a critical challenge, particularly in education governance at the local level. This research adopts a quantitative approach, collecting data through structured questionnaires administered to 61 employees of the Kupang Regency Education and Culture Office. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to assess both partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on employee performance. The findings indicate that education level has a positive and statistically significant effect on employee performance, suggesting that higher educational attainment contributes to better work outcomes. Adequate infrastructure also plays a significant role in enhancing performance by supporting more efficient and effective work processes. Furthermore, work skills emerge as a crucial determinant of employee productivity and effectiveness. Simultaneous testing confirms that education level, infrastructure, and work skills collectively explain a substantial proportion of variations in employee performance. This study contributes to the literature on public sector human resource management by highlighting the combined importance of human capital and institutional support in shaping employee performance. The findings suggest that local governments should prioritize continuous education, infrastructure development, and skill enhancement programs to improve organizational performance in the public education sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Etni Susanti Djo Talo, Melkisedek N. B. C Neolaka, Maria M. Lino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BUDGETING IN THE AI ERA: EXPLORING THE MODERATING EFFECTS OF AI UTILIZATION AND ISLAMIC FINANCIAL LITERACY ON SANTRI'S FINANCIAL LIFE)
One of the religious student groups in Indonesia with a fairly large scope is santri. Santri who are currently studying at university are known as Mahasantri, and are the object of this study. Their average financial resources range from Rp. 500,000 - Rp. 1,000,000, which is located in the lower middle class. Based on this, the financial problems experienced by Mahasantri are an illustration of this study to examine factors that can support financial life management , so that the daily needs of the students can be met. This study used a questionnaire on 375 students of the Nurul Jadid Probolinggo Islamic Boarding School . SmartPLS software version 03 was used to test the research hypothesis of the budgeting behavior variable as variable X, Islamic financial literacy as variable Z1, artificial intelligence utilization as variable Z2, and financial life management as variable Y. The test results of this study indicate that the first hypothesis of budgeting behavior has an effect on financial life management with a t-statistic of 4.089 and a p-value of 0.000. Meanwhile, the second and third hypotheses, namely the Islamic financial literacy variable with a t-statistic of 0.523 and a p-value of 0.601, and the artificial intelligence utilization variable with a t-statistic of 0.214 and a p-value of 0.830, were proven not to function as moderating variables. Therefore, the findings of this study are expected to provide a basis for policy-making by educational institutions related to supporting their students' personal finances. Institution managers can conduct regular financial literacy programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shofi Mustajibullah, Nurhidayah, Eny Zuhrotun Nasyi’ah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
OPERATIONAL STRATEGY TO IMPROVE ANALYST PERFORMANCE AT JAKARTA IT SERVICE DESK OF ROYAL BLUE ENERGY
The Global Service Desk operates 24/7 and covers the entire Royal Blue Company work area in the world, utilizes a ticketing system to handle IT service issues and requests. This study focused on the Jakarta Service Desk (JSD) and analyzed operational performance from January to June 2025. The study aimed to examine the strategies implemented within the JSD and the challenges faced in improving the work performance of each analyst. In a dynamic work environment, increasing ticket volumes, and continuous technological advancements, JSD analysts are expected to survive by achieve the targeted performance. The implemented strategies included weekly training programs conducted by the service excellence team, a self-service portal for users, automation tools (RTBot), shift-left initiatives, weekly role rotation, and more. The analysis used Gap Analysis and the Fishbone Analysis. By identifying gaps in each aspect that impact analyst performance and determining the root cause of the problem, analysts are expected to focus on narrowing the gaps and working on root cause so that results can meet the set targets. The results show that the critical gap in this research is with the Live Interactions per Shift. If this critical gap fixed, this would take effect to others performance like chat & call answer. These findings tell us that the collaboration from each analyst in this desk is required to achieve targets according to KPIs and provide satisfactory service to each user.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kamilla Sukmahati, Yudo Anggoro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPLEMENTATION OF QRIS-BASED PAYMENT GATEWAY IN MOBILE BANKING AND ITS IMPACT ON TRANSACTION SMOOTHNESS OF MSMES IN COASTAL TOURISM AREAS OF KUPANG CITY
This study analyzes the implementation of a QRIS-based payment gateway through mobile banking applications and its impact on transaction smoothness among micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) operating in coastal tourism areas of Kupang City. The increasing adoption of cashless payment systems has encouraged MSMEs to integrate digital transactions into daily business activities, particularly in tourism-based economic settings characterized by high transaction intensity. This research employs a qualitative descriptive–interpretative approach, with data collected through semi-structured interviews, direct observations, and documentation involving 100 MSME actors located in Lasiana Beach, Oesapa Beach, Kelapa Lima Beach, and Tedys Beach.Data analysis was conducted using NVivo software following the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, encompassing data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that QRIS implementation improves transaction speed, efficiency, and convenience, while reducing dependence on cash transactions. MSME actors also perceive QRIS as a secure payment system due to its integration with formal banking institutions. However, challenges such as limited digital literacy, unstable internet connectivity, and insufficient technical assistance hinder optimal utilization. This study highlights the importance of combining digital payment adoption with continuous education and infrastructure support to ensure sustainable digital transformation of MSMEs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hapsa Usman, Nonce F. Tuati, Deetje W. Manuain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Developing Shorf (Morphology) Instruction According to Rusydi Ahmad Thu‘Aimah, Mahmud Kamil An-Naqah, and Robert Lado
This study examines the development of Shorf (morphology) instruction through the perspectives of three prominent scholars: Rusydi Ahmad Thu‘aimah, Mahmud Kamil An-Naqah, and Robert Lado. The study is grounded in the significance of Arabic morphology as a foundational component for mastering structure and meaning in modern Arabic. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and library research, this study analyzes the key works of the three scholars. The findings indicate that Rusydi Ahmad Thu‘aimah emphasizes contextual and communicative approaches in teaching morphology; Mahmud Kamil An-Naqah highlights the integration of form, meaning, and language skills; while Robert Lado underscores the role of contrastive analysis in understanding cross-linguistic morphological differences. The synthesis of these perspectives leads to a functional, meaningful, and context-based model of Shorf instruction that integrates cognitive, affective, and communicative dimensions, thereby strengthening learners’ understanding of word structure and semantic function in Arabic language learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fikri Amiq Setiawan, Muhbib Abdul Wahab, Akmal Walad Ahkas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SYMBOLS, CHARISMA, AND RELIGIOUS AUTHORITY: POLITICAL COMMUNICATION STRATEGY OF ULAMA IN REGIONAL ELECTIONS
Moral support and political communication at the local level have a significant impact on the victory of regional head candidates in Tapal Kuda. This study aims to analyze the role of religious scholars in local political communication, the strategies used, and their impact on the results of the regional head elections. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method in two regions with strong religious cultures: Probolinggo, Bondowoso, Jember, and Situbondo Regencies. The results found Moral Endorsement, where religious scholars provide explicit support to certain candidates, often by linking the candidate's character to religious values. The dissemination of political messages through religious sermons, mass mobilization, religious scholars mobilizing their support base to attend campaigns and using religious networks to strengthen political support.
Copyright (c) 2026 Din Fahmi Kamil, V. Rudy Handoko, Endang Indartuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DECISION TREE BASED INTERNET SIGNAL QUALITY ANALYSIS ON TELKOM INFRASTRUCTURE
This study analyzes internet signal quality on Telkom infrastructure using the Decision Tree algorithm. Utilizing 5,000 data points from Kaggle, the research classifies network quality into three categories: Good, Fair, and Poor based on parameters such as download speed, ping latency, and packet loss. The evaluation results show that the Decision Tree model achieved an accuracy rate of 98%. Parameters such as download speed and ping latency were identified as the most dominant factors in determining signal quality. These findings prove that a machine learning approach is effective in generating easily interpretable decision rules for network service optimization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yeni Fitri Afidah, Sri Mujiono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BUILDING 21ST CENTURY SKILLS IN THE DIGITAL ERA: THE ROLE OF THE PJBL MODEL ON THE COLLABORATION OF GRADE 5 STUDENTS
The digital era requires students to master 21st century skills, where collaboration is one of the crucial competencies that must be formed from an early age. However, challenges in the field show that passive interaction and individualism still dominate the conventional learning process at the elementary school level. This study aims to analyze the role of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) learning model in improving the collaboration skills of grade 5 elementary school students. The research method used is a quasi-experimental type of Nonequivalent Control Group Design with data collection techniques through observation and questionnaires. PjBL was chosen because of its characteristics that are based on group investigation and real problem solving that are relevant to today's digital ecosystem. The results of the study showed that the implementation of PjBL significantly increased the indicators of student collaboration including: (1) Contribution in group discussions to 88.45%, (2) Time management to 85.75%, (3) Problem solving to 86.50%, (4) Working with friends 86.34%, (5) Investigation techniques 87.80%. The integration of digital devices in the PjBL project also accelerates access to information and coordination between students. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that PjBL is not just an instructional model, but a strategy to transform traditional classrooms into a collaborative and adaptive learning environment to the demands of the times.
Copyright (c) 2026 Warmiati, Rusijono, Fajar Arianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
GROUP COUNSELING BASED ON MOSINTUWU VALUES TO REDUCE INTER-STUDENT CONFLICT
This research develops a group counseling service based on Mosintuwu values, a local wisdom of Poso community in Central Sulawesi, to reduce inter-student conflicts in multicultural schools. Mosintuwu values including togetherness, tolerance, peace-loving, and mutual cooperation were chosen as the intervention foundation because they have proven effective as conflict resolution mechanisms in post-conflict Poso. The research problem focuses on how to integrate Mosintuwu values into a contextual and relevant group counseling format for adolescent students.The research employs the ADDIE model to produce a group counseling module consisting of four structured sessions. This module integrates group dynamics with Mosintuwu values through interactive lectures, experience sharing, case analysis, role-playing, and peer support formation. The research results are expected to provide theoretical contributions to the development of guidance and counseling based on Indonesian local culture, as well as practical benefits for school counselors and multicultural schools in creating a harmonious and tolerant learning environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kristanti Sateki, Ridwan Syahran, Mardi Lestari, Nurwahyuni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
OPTIMIZING REGIONAL ASSET MANAGEMENT THROUGH RISK-BASED ACCOUNTING STRATEGIES: BOMBANA REGENCY PUBLIC WORKS AND SPATIAL PLANNING DEPARTMENT
This study aims to analyze the optimization of regional asset management through a risk-based accounting strategy at the Public Works and Spatial Planning (PUPR) Office of Bombana Regency. The background of the study stems from common problems in regional asset management such as inconsistencies in recording, suboptimal utilization, and weak internal control systems, which are often audit findings. The risk-based accounting approach becomes relevant following the issuance of the Minister of PUPR Circular Letter No. 12/SE/M/2024 concerning guidelines for implementing risk management, which emphasizes the integration of corruption, legal, SPBE, and service risks into organizational governance. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The results show that asset management at the PUPR Office of Bombana is still administratively oriented and has not fully implemented risk management principles in asset planning, recording, utilization, and maintenance. However, awareness of the importance of risk-based management is starting to grow through internal policies and improvements to the information system. In conclusion, the implementation of a risk-based accounting strategy has the potential to increase accountability, efficiency, and the economic value of regional assets if supported by an integrated information system and adequate human resource capacity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Rahman Al Akbar, Mohammad Jihadi, Rizki Febriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF MORINGA LEAF COMBINATION (Moringa oleifera ) AND PANDAN LEAVES ( Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) ON THE CHEMICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY OF KOMBUCHA TISANE
Moringa leaf kombucha is a functional beverage rich in nutrients and antioxidants and has various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. Kombucha from fragrant pandan leaves contains many chemical compounds including flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, polyphenols, and saponins and has the potential as an antibacterial and antioxidant. Kombucha from moringa leaves has a strong and pungent taste and aroma, while kombucha from fragrant pandan leaves has a sour and sweet taste and aroma. This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of moringa leaves ( Moringa oleifera ) and pandan leaves ( Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) on the chemical and organoleptic quality of kombucha drinks. This study used a laboratory experimental method. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 1 factor, namely the different combinations of moringa leaves and pandan leaves, which consisted of 5 treatments, namely K1P1 (100:0), K2P2 (0:100), K3P3 (75:25), K4P4 (25:75), K5P5 (50:50), each repeated 3 times. The quality parameters observed included chemical (pH, total acid, and alcohol level) and organoleptic tests (color, aroma, and taste) which were assessed by 30 panelists. Data from the chemical quality research were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and organoleptic data were tested using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis method. The results showed that the combination of moringa leaves and pandan leaves had a significant effect on chemical and organoleptic quality. Based on the effectiveness test, the best treatment was obtained in the K4P4 combination. (25:75) with chemical characteristics of pH 3.63, total acid 0.73%, and alcohol content 1.54%. Organoleptically, this treatment was preferred by panelists with a median score of 4 (like) for the color, taste, and aroma parameters
Copyright (c) 2026 Cannia Angelica Sitepu, Retnani Rahmiati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0