Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI)
Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) journal is a multidisciplinary open access journal published Bimonthly (January, March, May, July, September and November). The journal continuously recei­ves contributions that offer constructive ideas, analysis, and discussions, in the forms of reviews, articles, and reports concerne­d with interdisciplinary approaches. The MORFAI welcomes a wide range of theoretical, empirical, and historical perspectives. Possible articles’ topics include, but are not limited to the following: Economics, Political Science, Law, Human Right, International Business and Management, Agricultural Research, Medical Research, Public Health, Psychology, Engineering Sciences, Sociology, Accounting, Anthropology, Ethnography, Communication, Educational Review and Religious Studies. In accordance with the decree issued by Director General of Research and Development of the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Technology, bearing the reference Number 295/C/C3/KPT/2026 Dated January 2, 2026 Concerning the Accreditation Ranking of Scientific Journals Period II, the "Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI)" journal has been bestowed with the esteemed National SINTA 3 Ranking Still 2025-2030. The Editorial Board of "Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI)" extends its profound appreciation for the unwavering support and trust vested in us by the Review Board and our esteemed authors. Their relentless efforts and commitment to excellence have been instrumental in the publication of scholarly articles that significantly contribute to the advancement of knowledge with substantial societal impact. Despite this notable achievement, the "Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI)" Editorial Board will not rest on its laurels. We remain steadfast in our pursuit of the highest echelons of academic excellence in the management of scientific journals. Our ultimate objective is to secure indexing within the globally recognized SCOPUS database. Benefits of Publishing a Multidisciplinary Devotion Journal: Ease of submission and author care — Authors are allowed to submit their work through the Open Journal System. Open Access — Free to readers, with an affordable article processing fee (APC) paid by the author or their institution. Speed ​​— We apply In-Press to all accepted manuscripts and provide peer review to maintain the integrity of the information. Visibility — With our open access policy, we are committed to promoting your work as widely as possible and providing as much visibility and exposure as possible for your articles. Multisection — Authors have the option to publish articles and technical notes Indexing — Articles Are Indexed Locally and Internationally. E-ISSN: 2808-6635
COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE IN OPTIMIZING WAQF LAND REGISTRATION IN GORONTALO REGENCY
Waqf land registration is essential to the governance of socio-religious assets and requires effective cross-sector collaboration. In Gorontalo Regency, a significant gap between recorded and certified waqf lands indicates structural weaknesses in the governance framework. This study evaluates the design of waqf land registration governance using a collaborative governance perspective and proposes an integrative institutional reconstruction to improve certification outcomes. A qualitative policy case study approach was employed, drawing on waqf and land regulations, technical policy documents, and regional administrative data. The analysis was guided by key dimensions of collaborative governance: starting conditions, institutional design, facilitative leadership, and collaborative processes. The findings show that although formal authority is clearly defined, governance remains fragmented and largely procedural. The absence of a permanent coordination forum, uneven actor capacities, limited information integration, and weak facilitative leadership constrain the development of sustained collaboration. To address these issues, the study recommends institutionalizing deliberative coordination mechanisms, strengthening participatory capacities, integrating information systems, and embedding collective accountability. The research extends the application of collaborative governance to regionally implemented, religion-based public policies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Trezy Andhika, Arifin Tahir, Rusli Isa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS THE EFFECT OF SERVICE QUALITY ON PATIENT SATISFACTION AT THE DENTAL CLINIC OF PUSKESMAS TANJUNGSARI BOGOR REGENCY WEST JAVA (A SURVEY OF PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH PULPITIS)
According to the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey, 50% of the population has dental and oral problems, but only 11.2% seek treatment. The Tanjungsari Community Health Center dental clinic had 1,070 pulpitis patients from January to June 2025. This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality on patient satisfaction in the dental clinic with pulpitis diagnosed at Tanjungsari Community Health Center in Bogor Regency, West Java. The research design used was quantitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected from 119 respondents via questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software. The variables studied included service quality aspects of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles. The results showed, based on a partial t-test, service quality in the aspects of reliability (p=0.02) and tangibles (p=0.00) significantly influenced patient satisfaction. A simultaneous F-test showed that service quality simultaneously influenced patient satisfaction, with a calculated F-value of 18.895. The results of this study are recommended to the Head of the Community Health Center, the Health Service, and Community Leaders to improve the quality of services at the Tanjungsari Community Health Center dental clinic by adding human resources, regular training for community health center officers, and routine monitoring and evaluation of patient satisfaction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Astsania Hikmah Alfath, Vip Paramarta, Taufan Nugroho, Ayu Laili Rahmiyati, Kosasih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF SURROGATE MOTHERS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INDONESIAN CRIMINAL LAW
The practice of surrogacy is a solution for infertile couples, but it creates legal problems in Indonesia. This normative juridical research analyzes Indonesian criminal law regulations regarding the practice of surrogacy and the criminal liability of doctors involved. The results show that although Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health and Ministerial Regulation No. 2 of 2025 prohibit the practice of womb borrowing, these provisions only regulate administrative sanctions without clear criminal threats, thus creating a vacuum in criminal law norms. To anticipate this legal vacuum, the Law on the Eradication of the Crime of Human Trafficking and the Law on Child Protection can be implemented through legal interpretation. The criminal liability of doctors is based on the principle of personal liability through articles in the Criminal Code, as well as professional sanctions based on the Indonesian Code of Medical Ethics. This research concludes that Indonesia needs special regulations that integrate proportional criminal sanctions to provide legal certainty and protect all parties involved.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sintia Siregar, Kiki Kristanto, Karlinae D. Bangas, Agus Mulyawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF HEALTH WORKER PRODUCTIVITY ON IMPROVING HEALTH SERVICES AT SETIABUDI PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER, SOUTH JAKARTA
This study aims to analyze the influence of health worker productivity on improving health services at the Setiabudi Community Health Center in South Jakarta. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with a sample of 90 respondents. Primary data were collected through questionnaires and processed using the Method of Successive Interval (MSI) to convert ordinal scale data into interval scales before conducting prerequisite tests and hypothesis testing. Data analysis used multiple linear regression. The results of the F test showed that the variables of motivation, income level, work environment, opportunity for achievement, management, and nutritional status simultaneously had a significant effect on health services (F count 12.053; Sig < 0.001) with a contribution (R^2) of 46.6%. Partially, the management variable was the most dominant factor influencing service improvement (t count 5.608; Sig < 0.001). The implications of this study emphasize the importance of strengthening the managerial system and work motivation to optimize the quality of public health services
Copyright (c) 2026 Raden Partinah, Teguh Nurhadi Suharsono, Raden Ricky Agusiady T S, Ayu Laili Rahmiyati, Didin Saepudin, Farida Yuliaty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF RISK PROFILE, EARNINGS, AND CAPITAL ON THE HEALTH LEVEL OF CENTRAL ASIA BANK
Banking plays a crucial role in supporting national economic growth through its intermediary function, liquidity provision, and credit distribution to the real sector. During the monetary policy normalization period of 2022–2024, the banking industry faces the challenge of maintaining optimal credit distribution without neglecting risk control and capital strengthening. This situation emphasizes the importance of evaluating bank health, both empirically and based on relevant theoretical frameworks. This study aims to analyze the health level of PT Bank Central Asia Tbk based on Risk Profile, Earnings, and Capital aspects , and examine the results from the perspectives of Risk Management Theory, Efficiency Theory, and Trade-Off Theory . The study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with secondary data in the form of financial reports for the 2022–2024 period. The indicators analyzed include Non-Performing Loans (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Return on Assets (ROA), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Services Authority (OJK). The research results show that BCA is in the Very Healthy (PK-1) category, with an achievement level of 96.00%–100.00%. Credit growth was not accompanied by an increase in credit risk, profitability increased consistently, and capital remained well above the minimum threshold. These findings demonstrate that the balance between credit growth, risk management, and capital adequacy is key to maintaining banking stability during the economic recovery period.
Copyright (c) 2026 Viane Talundu, Vitayanti Fattah, Muslimin, Fera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND WORK DISCIPLINE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HEALTH WORKERS AT MUSLIMAT MOTHER AND CHILD HOSPITAL, JOMBANG
The performance of health workers reflects employees’ work outcomes in terms of both quantity and quality. A decline in health workers’ performance, or failure to meet hospital expectations, may negatively affect the quality of hospital services. Organizational culture adopted by an institution plays a crucial role in determining performance quality. In addition to organizational culture, work discipline is also a factor that influences performance. High work discipline is associated with improved performance. This study aimed to analyze the effect of organizational culture and work discipline on the performance of health workers at Muslimat Mother and Child Hospital, Jombang. This study employed a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The independent variables were organizational culture and work discipline, while the dependent variable was the performance of health workers. The population consisted of all health workers at Muslimat Mother and Child Hospital, Jombang, totaling 132 individuals. Using proportional random sampling, a sample of 100 respondents was obtained. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The results showed that organizational culture had a significant effect on the performance of health workers at Muslimat Mother and Child Hospital, Jombang (p = 0.000). Work discipline also had a significant effect on health workers’ performance (p = 0.000). Furthermore, organizational culture demonstrated a statistically significant influence on health workers’ performance (p = 0.004; OR = 0.023; 95% CI = 0.002–0.290), with a Nagelkerke’s R Square value of 0.934. Organizational culture plays an important role in influencing the quality of health workers’ performance, as it shapes values, norms, and collective behaviors, creates an environment that encourages collaboration, innovation, and work comfort, and indirectly enhances discipline and motivation, leading to improved performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kusumaningdiah Sekar Jatiningrum, Ratna Wardani, Joko Prasetyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF FINTECH USE AND DIGITAL MARKETING ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MSMES IN SUKASIRNA VILLAGE, CIBADAK DISTRICT, SUKABUMI REGENCY
he digital era has transformed the business landscape for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), particularly through the adoption of financial technology (fintech) and digital marketing. Sukasirna Village in Cibadak District, Sukabumi Regency, has significant MSME potential but still requires in-depth study on the impact of digital technology on business financial performance. This research aims to analyze the influence of fintech and digital marketing usage on the financial performance of MSMEs in Sukasirna Village, both partially and simultaneously, and to identify moderating factors in this relationship. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey design. The study population consists of MSME actors in Sukasirna Village who have used fintech and/or digital marketing for at least one year. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS software to test the causal relationships between variables. This research is expected to produce an empirical model that demonstrates the influence of fintech and digital marketing on the financial performance of MSMEs, and to provide strategic recommendations for optimizing the adoption of digital technology to improve the business performance of MSMEs in rural areas. The research findings can serve as a basis for decision-making for MSME actors in optimizing the use of digital technology, for local governments in formulating MSME digitalization policies, and for academics as a contribution to the development of technology adoption theory in the context of rural MSMEs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zemi Maulidi Niansyah, Hesri Mintawati, Yuli Dian Rahmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE IN THE REPATRIATION SERVICE OF DISPLACED PERSONS BY THE SOCIAL SERVICE OF WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT AND CHILD PROTECTION OF BALI PROVINCE
The government has the main responsibility to ensure social welfare, including abandoned services. As a migration location, Bali Province faces social problems because many displaced people need to be repatriated to their place of origin. The purpose of this study is to study the role of government cooperation in providing services for the repatriation of displaced persons by the Social Service for Women's Empowerment and Child Protection of Bali Province. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method and collects data through field observations, interviews, and documentation with important informants, including relevant agency officials and community members. Preliminary results show that the collaborative governance model involves cooperation between government agencies, NGOs, communities, and other non-governmental actors in formulating plans and implementing repatriation services. Building trust and accountability between parties and overcoming resource limitations requires effective cooperation. The study found that government cooperation is an effective method to improve the efficiency and quality of social services, especially for vulnerable groups such as displaced people. It is hoped that this research will contribute to the development of inclusive and sustainable social service policies in the future.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Gede Krisna Santa Sedana, I.G.A.AG Dewi Sucitawathi Pinatih, Dewi Sucitawathi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
COMMUNITY-BASED DEVELOPMENT OF THE BELITUNG GEOPARK IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GEOTOURISM AREAS IN EAST BELITUNG REGENCY, INDONESIA
This study examines the development of Geopark Belitung as a geotourism area based on community participation in East Belitung Regency, Indonesia. The research aims to analyze the physical conditions of geosites, the forms and levels of community participation, and the management strategies applied in developing community-based geotourism. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, using purposive sampling to select key informants from local communities, geopark managers, and government institutions. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis, and analyzed using an interactive model of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that Geopark Belitung possesses significant geological, ecological, and cultural potential; however, the level of development and supporting facilities remains uneven across geosites. Community participation is largely limited to operational and economic activities, while involvement in planning, decision-making, and evaluation processes is still minimal. The absence of systematic capacity-building programs, institutional strengthening, and sustained external support constrains the effectiveness of community-based geotourism development. This study highlights the need for more inclusive and collaborative governance models that integrate community empowerment, conservation awareness, and sustainable destination management to enhance the long-term competitiveness and sustainability of Geopark Belitung.
Copyright (c) 2026 C Christianingrum, Irvani Irvani, Nur Ahmad Ricky Rudianto, Askarov Abror Sobirovich https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE BHINNEKA TUNGGAL IKA COCURRICULAR MODULE BASED ON DEEP LEARNING TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ NATIONALISM
Globalization will impact the mindset and character of students so that it is required to strengthen nationalism that internalizes the values ​​of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika in co-curricular learning. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of the Bhinneka Tunggal Ika co-curricular module based on deep learning to improve the nationalism of elementary school students. The approach used in this study is a quantitative study with a one-group pretest-posttest design with 25 students as research subjects. The instrument used in this study is a nationalism questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and using the N-gain formula to determine the effectiveness of the use of the Bhinneka Tunggal Ika co-curricular module based on deep learning. The results showed that the average pretest score was 59.36 in the medium category and increased by 21.21 to 80.48 in the posttest and was in the high category. The N-gain calculation showed a value of 0.52 which was in the medium category. This N-gain value indicates that the deep learning-based Bhinneka Tunggal Ika co-curricular module is effective in enhancing students' nationalism. Deep learning can encourage students to understand and internalize the values ​​of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika more deeply and meaningfully. Therefore, the deep learning-based Bhinneka Tunggal Ika co-curricular module can be used as an alternative strategy in strengthening character education in elementary schools, particularly in fostering sustainable student nationalism.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ferry Sulistiyono, Triyanto, Endrise Septina Rawanoko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DETERMINING PROFIT MARGINS FOR CANDLENUT PRODUCT SALES BETWEEN DOMESTIC AND EXPORT MARKETS FOR UMKM IN CENTRAL LOMBOK REGENCY
This study compares product profit margins between the domestic and export markets of UMKM in Central Lombok. The analysis shows an average domestic margin of 5% (n=10, standard deviation 3%), while the export margin is significantly higher at 32% (n=1, standard deviation 5%). A t-test demonstrated a significant difference in margins (p-value <0.05). The export process requires more raw materials, but the profit potential is much greater. These findings can serve as a reference for UMKM in determining optimal candlenut marketing strategies. This is a comparative descriptive study using a quantitative approach. The study was conducted in Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Data were obtained through structured interviews with UMKM to obtain information on production processes, pricing, marketing strategies, and profit margin calculations. A questionnaire was used to obtain data on production costs, selling prices, sales volumes, and profit margins.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lalu Adiyatma Taopikul Hadi, Alfisahrin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF TOFU DUMP SUBSTITUTION ON THE CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SENSORY QUALITY OF CHICKEN SAUSAGE
Chicken sausage is a widely consumed processed meat product, but its relatively high production costs and low fiber content encourage the need for innovative formulations based on alternative ingredients. Tofu dregs, a byproduct of the tofu industry, contain vegetable protein and dietary fiber that have the potential to be used as a substitute ingredient in making chicken sausages. This study aims to analyze the effect of tofu dregs substitution on the chemical and organoleptic qualities of chicken sausages. The research method used was a laboratory experiment with a one-factor completely randomized design, namely tofu dregs substitution levels of 10%, 30%, 50%, and 60%. Parameters observed included protein, fat, and carbohydrate levels, as well as organoleptic tests for color, aroma, texture, and taste using a hedonic scale. Chemical quality data were analyzed using ANOVA, while organoleptic data were analyzed nonparametrically. The results showed that tofu dregs substitution affected the chemical quality and organoleptic acceptance levels of chicken sausages. Substitution at certain levels was able to increase fiber content without significantly reducing consumer acceptance. This study shows that tofu dregs have the potential to be used as a substitute ingredient in making chicken sausages to produce a more nutritious and sustainable product.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vincentius Soeyoto, Yuyun Yuniati, Bambang Sigit Sucahyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF GREEN HOSPITAL PRACTICES AND MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY ON HOSPITAL IMAGE
Environmental sustainability has become a critical concern in healthcare institutions, where hospitals generate significant amounts of waste and consume large volumes of energy and resources. This study reviews the literature on the influence of green hospital practices and efficient medical waste management on hospital image. A systematic review of five recent studies published between 2024 and 2026 was conducted, focusing on sustainable hospital management strategies, pharmaceutical and domestic waste management, and eco-efficiency initiatives. The findings indicate that the implementation of green hospital practices including energy efficiency, sustainable resource utilization, environmentally friendly infrastructure, and waste minimization contributes significantly to operational sustainability. Efficient medical waste management, supported by structured systems, staff training, and policy enforcement, reduces environmental risks and ensures regulatory compliance. Moreover, hospitals that adopt these practices demonstrate greater social responsibility, which enhances their public image, fosters patient trust, and strengthens stakeholder perceptions. In conclusion, green hospital practices and efficient medical waste management are essential for sustainable healthcare operations. They not only reduce environmental impact and improve operational efficiency but also serve as strategic tools for enhancing hospital reputation. Institutional commitment, continuous education, and policy integration are key factors for achieving effective environmental management in healthcare settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Melinia Cahaya Fitri, Kosasih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF ACCURACY AND EASE OF USE ON USER SATISFACTION IN ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS
The implementation of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) systems has transformed healthcare services, yet user satisfaction remains a critical factor for successful adoption. This study aims to systematically analyze the effects of system accuracy and ease of use on user satisfaction at Hospital X. A quantitative explanatory approach was employed, with data collected from 100 healthcare professionals using a structured questionnaire. Validity and reliability tests confirmed the suitability of the instrument. Classical assumption tests, including normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity, indicated that the data met regression requirements. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that system accuracy (β = 0.502, p < 0.01) and ease of use (β = 0.398, p < 0.01) have significant positive effects on user satisfaction. The F-test confirmed the simultaneous significance of both variables, and the coefficient of determination (R² = 0.684) showed that 68.4% of user satisfaction can be explained by these factors. The study concludes that both accuracy and usability are essential for enhancing user satisfaction, with accuracy having a slightly stronger impact. Optimizing data reliability and interface usability is crucial for maximizing the benefits of EMR systems in healthcare settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Christina Wijaniputri, Kosasih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MAKING CHANGE VISIBLE: HOW DIGITAL DEXTERITY BUILDS ADAPTIVE CAPACITY THROUGH VISUAL STRATEGY IN MSMEs E-COMMERCE
Set within Indonesia’s rapidly evolving platform-mediated commerce, this study explains how digital dexterity is converted into market-recognized adaptive capacity by specifying visual strategy as the execution mechanism at the customer interface. Drawing on dynamic capabilities and contemporary branding scholarship, we surveyed 240 e-commerce Micro, Small, And Medium Enterprise (MSMEs) entrepreneurs and estimated a theory-driven model using partial least squares structural equation modeling with validated reflective measures. The results are clear and internally consistent. Digital dexterity strengthens visual strategy. Digital dexterity also enhances adaptive capacity directly. Visual strategy improves adaptive capacity. Visual strategy further serves as a substantive conduit that links digital dexterity to adaptive capacity, indicating that digital skills matter most when institutionalized through a disciplined, cross-channel visual system that standardizes identity elements, reusable templates, and trust-bearing cues so strategic shifts become legible, credible, and repeatable. The study contributes an integrated account that connects digital transformation capability to adaptive outcomes through visual execution. Practically, we recommend building dexterity micro skills in analytics and rapid testing, codifying lightweight brand kits and creative templates, and instituting a regular creative review cadence so adjustments are communicated consistently across touchpoints. We also outline directions for longitudinal and platform-specific replications that pair perceptual data with behavioral performance traces.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gracela Marisa Sanapang, Bilyan Putra Sari, Muh Syulhasbiullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CHEMICAL AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF ANALOGUE CHICKEN POPCORN BASED ON SHIITAKE MUSHROOMS, TVP, AND SEITAN
Currently, plant-based foods are becoming a trend among the public, this is due to the increasing awareness of health and environmental sustainability. One potential innovation is analog popcorn chicken formulated from high-protein plant ingredients. This study aims to develop and analyze the characteristics of analog popcorn chicken based on shiitake mushrooms, TVP, and seitan as an alternative to meat. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments in the form of variations in the concentration of the main ingredients. Chemical analysis included protein content, crude fiber, water content, and ash content, while organoleptic tests were carried out by 25 untrained panelists to assess color, aroma, taste, and texture. Chemical data were analyzed using ANOVA at a significance level of 5%, while sensory data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. The results showed that variations in the proportion of ingredients had a significant effect (p<0.05) on water content, protein content, crude fiber content, and texture preferences, but did not significantly affect ash content, color, aroma, and taste. The best treatment was obtained in formulation A3 (25% shiitake and seitan mushroom mixture: 75% TVP) with chemical characteristics of 15.67% protein content, 9.32% crude fiber, 41.59% water content, and 3.24% ash content. Organoleptically, the best treatment product had a "like" acceptance level for all parameters with the highest texture preference score of 4.04. This product has the potential to be developed as a nutritious plant-based food alternative to processed meat.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jessica Lukito, Yuyun Yuniati, Adhania Andika Prayudanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEVERAGING TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN INNOVATION THROUGH HUMAN RESOURCE CAPABILITIES TO ACHIEVE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN SERVICE INDUSTRIES
The increasing adoption of digital technologies has transformed competition in service industries, where human resources play a central role in value creation. While technology-driven innovation is widely recognized as a strategic resource, its contribution to competitive advantage largely depends on the organization’s human resource capabilities. This study examines how technology-driven innovation enhances competitive advantage through the development of service innovation, which reflects the effective utilization of human resource capabilities in service industries. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from service-sector organizations and analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The measurement model was assessed for reliability and validity, while the structural model was evaluated using path coefficients, coefficient of determination (R²), effect size (f²), and mediation analysis. The findings indicate that technology-driven innovation has a significant positive effect on service innovation and competitive advantage. Service innovation also significantly influences competitive advantage and partially mediates the relationship between technology-driven innovation and competitive advantage. These results suggest that technological investments generate greater competitive value when they are leveraged through human resource capabilities that support innovative service delivery. This study contributes to the human resource management and strategic management literature by highlighting the role of human resource capabilities as a key mechanism for transforming technology-driven innovation into sustainable competitive advantage. Practically, the findings emphasize the importance of aligning digital transformation initiatives with human capital development in service industries.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yohny Anwar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPLICATIONS OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT'S DECISION ON THE SEPARATION OF NATIONAL AND LOCAL ELECTIONS FOR INDONESIAN ELECTION LAW POLITICS
Constitutional Court Decision Number 135/PUU-XXII/2024 separates national and local elections with a specific time interval, having implications for the Indonesian electoral system and electoral law policy. This study aims to normatively analyze the impact of this decision on the principle of election simultaneity, transition of terms of office, and future electoral law design. The method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach, case studies, conceptual and comparative studies of the democratic transitions of Germany and South Africa. The results show that Constitutional Court Decision 135 reflects the approach of judicial activism and living constitution, and does not conflict with the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This separation of elections requires legal reform through harmonization of the Election Law and Regional Elections with an Omnibus Law approach. In addition, it is necessary to refine the electoral system towards a mixed-member proportional model to be more representative and democratic. This decision is an important foundation for reforming electoral law politics that is constitutional, adaptive, and responsive to the dynamics of Indonesian democracy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alasman Mpesau, Ruslan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCE AND OPERATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE COLD SUPPLY CHAIN: QUANTITATIVE EVIDENCE FROM PT. CIMORY AND ITS LOGISTICS PARTNERS
The transition to a green economy puts significant pressure on the cold supply chain industry, which is inherently energy-intensive. The integration of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) is thought to be a strategic solution, but quantitative empirical evidence on its impact on sustainability performance and operational competitiveness in the context of cold chain in Indonesia is still limited. Objective: This study aims to examine the influence of the implementation of GSCM practices on sustainability performance (triple bottom line) and operational competitiveness in the cold supply chain of PT. Cimory and its network of logistics partners. Method: Explanatory quantitative research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 150 managerial respondents from PT. Cimory and its main logistics partners. The data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to test the relationships between variables. Findings: The results of the study prove that the implementation of GSCM practices has a positive and significant effect directly on improving sustainability performance (β=0.487; p<0.001) and operational competitiveness (β=0.352; p<0.01). The novel findings reveal that sustainability performance plays a role as a partial mediator that strengthens the influence of GSCM on operational competitiveness. Newness: This study contributes contextual quantitative evidence of integrated cold chain networks in the Indonesian perishable products industry, as well as clarifies the mediation mechanisms among key variables
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Wahyuni, Syahrum Agung, Zakie Hanifan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL ACTS AGAINST MINORS: A STUDY OF THE CASE OF THE MURDER OF A USTAZAH IN LAKE RANGAS
This study examines juvenile crime through a case study of the murder of a female Islamic teacher in Danau Rangas, Palangka Raya. A qualitative approach was used to examine the factors contributing to the thirteen-year-old perpetrator's behavior, including emotional distress, environmental influences, and poor communication within Islamic boarding schools. The results indicate that feelings of revenge and exposure to digital violence contribute to the child's aggressive behavior. Furthermore, the implementation of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System demonstrates how the principle of restorative justice is implemented through social assistance, cross-agency coordination, and avoidance of detention. This study emphasizes that a legal approach to children needs to be balanced with attention to their psychological and social well-being for the effective development process.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adelia Dwi Karsanegara, Achmad Adi Surya G, Rizki Setyobowo Sangalang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SENTENCING GUIDELINES IN THE NATIONAL CRIMINAL CODE: IMPLEMENTATION IN JUDICIAL DECISIONS
Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code introduces sentencing guidelines as an important component of the reform of Indonesia’s sentencing system. The introduction of these guidelines aims to control the use of judicial discretion, enhance rationality in sentencing decisions, and reduce sentencing disparities in criminal justice practice. This study aims to examine the concept of sentencing guidelines in the National Criminal Code and to analyze their implementation in judicial decisions. This research employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The results show that the sentencing guidelines in the National Criminal Code are systematically structured, covering general provisions, sentencing guidelines for individual offenders and corporations, guidelines for the application of imprisonment, as well as other provisions related to the implementation of punishment. These guidelines are not intended to restrict judicial independence but rather to provide a framework of consideration to ensure that sentencing decisions are based on rational, proportional, and just reasoning. The implementation of sentencing guidelines is expected to improve the quality of legal reasoning in judicial decisions, prevent irrational sentencing disparities, and strengthen public trust in the criminal justice system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kurniasanti, Syukri Kurniawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF SELF CHECK-IN FACILITIES ON PASSENGER SATISFACTION AT SENTANI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
Purpose - This research aims to measure the influence of self check-in facilities on passenger satisfaction at Sentani International Airport. Methodology - A quantitative approach was employed using survey methodology through data collection using questionnaires distributed to 100 respondents. Research Findings - The results demonstrate that self check-in facilities exert a significantly positive influence on passenger satisfaction, contributing 62.7% to overall satisfaction levels. Validity and reliability testing yielded satisfactory results, and regression analysis revealed that each 1% improvement in self check-in facilities increased passenger satisfaction by 0.794 units. Originality - This research provides new insights regarding the importance of self check-in facilities in enhancing passenger experience, which can serve as a foundation for service improvements at airports, particularly from the perspective of airport user satisfaction and customer service delivery. The research contributes to the broader understanding of how digital transformation in airport operations directly impacts customer experience metrics and operational efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ukkasyah Sabbit Aqdamana Lubis, Dimas Endrawan Putra, Willyam Evander R https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DIGITAL TAX TRANSFORMATION: CORETAX AND EASE OF USE ON TAXPAYER COMPLIANCE WITH TAX SOCIALIZATION AS A MODERATING VARIABLE
Digital tax transformation through Coretax is expected to improve administrative efficiency and taxpayer compliance. However, the effectiveness of its implementation still depends on user perception and the quality of socialization. This study aims to analyze the influence of Coretax and the perceived ease of use of the Coretax system on taxpayer compliance and examine the role of tax socialization as a moderating variable. The analysis was conducted using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) on 150 taxpayer respondents. The instrument test results showed that all items were valid and reliable, and the regression model met classical assumptions. The research findings indicate that Coretax and perceived ease of use have a positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance. However, tax socialization was not proven to moderate the relationship between these two variables and taxpayer compliance. These results confirm that the success of tax digitalization is more influenced by system quality and perceived ease of use, while socialization requires a more effective approach to have a meaningful impact.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suryanih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF INDICATORS INFLUENCING DELAYS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECTS AT PLN UNIT INDUK PEMBANGUNAN JAWA BAGIAN TIMUR DAN BALI
Delays in electricity transmission projects within PLN UIP JBTB have become a dominant issue. The majority of projects during the 2020–2024 period experienced delays, as reflected by milestone deviations, cost overruns, and time overruns, which disrupted electricity supply reliability and adversely affected the company’s corporate image. This study aims to analyze the indicators that form latent variables influencing project delays using an explanatory qualitative approach with the PLS-SEM method. Primary data were collected through questionnaires from 140 respondents selected via purposive sampling, comprising project owners, technical experts, and consultants. The results indicate that the elimination of the indicator related to community resistance to the project suggests that project delays are not driven by overt social opposition, but rather by weak communication quality and insufficient community engagement. In the licensing factor, all indicators demonstrate that project delays result from the cumulative effects of slow processing, administrative unpreparedness, and weak inter-agency coordination. Regarding the financial factor, project delays are more strongly influenced by the project financial system’s ability to maintain cash flow continuity and cost control than by perceptions of the financial impact of delayed payments. The human resources factor confirms that project delays are associated with an imbalance between workload and workforce capacity, competence, productivity, and motivation. Meanwhile, the logistics and supply chain factor indicates that unprepared procurement and material distribution systems are a significant source of project delays, even when construction activities are technically well planned.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gesmulyadi, I Putu Artama Wiguna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE 2.7–2.9 GHZ FREQUENCY BAND FOR S-BAND WEATHER RADAR: OPERATIONAL AND REGULATORY PERSPECTIVES IN INDONESIA
Weather radar is a vital component of atmospheric observation systems, particularly in tropical regions such as Indonesia that are highly vulnerable to extreme rainfall. The S-band frequency range is well known for its low rain attenuation and favorable propagation stability, making it suitable for long-range weather monitoring. However, the expansion of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) services in adjacent frequency bands introduces challenges related to spectrum coexistence and potential interference that require comprehensive assessment. This study evaluates the technical feasibility and regulatory compatibility of the 2.7–2.9 GHz frequency band for S-band weather radar operation in Indonesia by considering tropical rainfall characteristics, electromagnetic wave propagation, and national spectrum management dynamics. The analysis employs rain attenuation and rainfall distribution models based on ITU-R recommendations, along with a review of national and international spectrum regulations, including an assessment of potential interference from IMT systems through unwanted emission and emission mask analyses. The results indicate that S-band weather radar operating at 2.7–2.9 GHz exhibits low rain attenuation under high-intensity rainfall conditions and is capable of maintaining wide-area observational coverage. From a regulatory perspective, this frequency band is formally allocated and enables safe spectrum coexistence with IMT systems through the application of protection criteria, unwanted emission control, and appropriate guard band arrangements.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maulana Putra, Sugiarto, Nasrul Wathon, Hanif Andi Nugraha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF TOFU DUMP AND OKRA FLOUR SUBSTITUTION ON THE CONTENT OFSTUDY OF THE EFFECT OF TOFU DUMP AND OKRA FLOUR SUBSTITUTION ON THE CONTENT OF PROTEIN, FIBER, F PROTEIN, FIBER, FAT, CARBOHYDRATE, AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF CHICKEN NUGGET
The use of alternative plant-based food ingredients in processed meat products has the potential to increase nutritional value while diversifying raw materials . This study aims to analyze the effect of tofu dregs and okra flour substitution on the chemical and organoleptic characteristics of chicken nuggets and determine the best formulation based on effectiveness testing. The study was conducted as a laboratory experiment using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four levels of substitution of tofu dregs and okra flour (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%), each repeated three times. The chemical parameters analyzed included protein (Kjeldahl), fat (Soxhlet), fiber (gravimetric), and carbohydrate (by difference) levels . Organoleptic tests were conducted using the hedonic method by 20 trained panelists on color, aroma, taste, and texture attributes. Chemical data were analyzed using ANOVA at the 5% level and further tests, while organoleptic data were analyzed using the Friedman test. The results showed that the substitution of tofu dregs and okra flour significantly affected the chemical and organoleptic characteristics of chicken nuggets. Increasing the substitution level significantly increased protein and fiber levels and decreased fat and carbohydrate levels, but decreased the level of panelist acceptance of sensory attributes. Based on the effectiveness test, the treatment with the highest substitution showed the best total effectiveness value due to the superiority of nutritional parameters, although the control treatment had the highest organoleptic acceptance. Thus, the substitution of tofu dregs and okra flour has the potential to be used to increase the nutritional value of chicken nuggets, while still paying attention to formulation optimization to maintain the sensory quality of the product.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jessica Novanti Kurniawan, Yuyun Yuniati, Retnani Rahmiati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) BY EMPLOYEES TOWARDS CONSTRUCTIVE IMPROVEMENT EFFORTS IN HOSPITAL
The Emergency Department (ED) is a strategic service unit of hospitals with a high level of complexity and a significant potential for patient complaints if service quality is not optimally managed. Patient complaints not only reflect dissatisfaction but can also be utilized as a constructive effort for service quality improvement. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) by employees toward constructive hospital efforts as measured through patient complaints in the Emergency Department of Sultan Imanuddin Regional General Hospital. This study employed a quantitative method with descriptive and verificative approaches. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to ED staff and supported by patient complaint records, then analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that both partially and simultaneously, TQM dimensions including customer focus, leadership, continuous improvement, employee involvement, process approach, and fact-based decision making have a significant effect on constructive hospital efforts. Proper implementation of TQM is proven to reduce the number of complaints and improve the quality of emergency services. This study concludes that consistent implementation of TQM is an important strategy in managing patient complaints as a means of continuous improvement and enhancement of hospital service quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Istahara, Abdul Gani Sidqi, Vip Paramarta, Farida Yuliaty, Kosasih, Fitriana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF PROJECT DELAYS FROM A HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE USING FAULT TREE ANALYSIS (FTA) IN A HOSPITAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
Project delays remain a critical issue in construction projects, particularly in hospital developments that involve high complexity, strict functional requirements, and intensive coordination among multidisciplinary teams. Empirical evidence indicates that many delays are not solely caused by technical or material factors, but are strongly associated with deficiencies in human resource management (HRM). This study addresses the question of how human resource–related factors structurally contribute to project delays and what root causes dominate these delays in hospital construction projects. To answer this question, the research applies Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) as the primary analytical method, using a deductive and top–down approach to decompose the main delay event into intermediate and basic events related to HRM practices. A case study was conducted on a hospital construction project in Jakarta that experienced significant schedule deviation. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews with project personnel, and project documentation, and subsequently modeled into a fault tree structure using logical AND and OR relationships. The results indicate that ineffective workforce planning and weak coordination and communication systems constitute the most critical root causes of project delays. These factors trigger cascading effects such as work interruptions, rework, low labor productivity, and delayed decision-making, which collectively lead to schedule overruns. This study contributes academically by demonstrating the applicability of FTA as a structured root-cause analysis tool for project delays from a human resource management perspective, thereby extending delay analysis literature beyond conventional technical and descriptive approaches, particularly in the context of hospital construction projects.
Copyright (c) 2026 Safira Farras Pramesti, Muhammad Isradi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEGAL REVIEW OF THE TAKEOVER OF CONSUMER SHOPPING POINTS BY MINIMARKET EMPLOYEES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CRIMINAL ACTS OF FRAUD
Advances in human intelligence have shaped new patterns of behavior, one of which is the habit of making transactions. Transactions take place everywhere, including minimarkets. As a result, competition and large-scale marketing promotions have emerged as solutions to retain customers. Shopping points have become a solution that has unique economic appeal for consumers. This phenomenon has opened up new motives for criminal acts. This study examines the phenomenon of minimarket employees taking over consumer shopping points as a form of fraudulent act that can be criminalized. The focus of the study is on the position of shopping points as economic assets that have exchange value and the construction of criminal liability for the perpetrators. The results of the study show that shopping points are intangible digital assets that have economic value, so legally they are the property of consumers that must be protected. Juridically, the actions of these employees fulfill the elements of criminal fraud as regulated in Article 495 of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code. Law enforcement against this practice recommends strict measures by minimarkets as a form of consumer protection within the company, and recommends the imposition of criminal sanctions if this action occurs repeatedly under the provisions of the New Criminal Code in order to provide a deterrent effect and ensure legal certainty in the retail sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anggi Anggraini Putri, Kristian, Claudia Yuni Pramita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
POTENTIAL FOR PLAGIARISM OF TRADEMARKS BASED ON LAW NUMBER 20 OF 2016: A STUDY ON PHILADELPIA BALI AND BLUE PLATE BINTARO
This study examines potential plagiarism involving trademarks and trade concepts in the case of Philadelpia Sushi Bali and Blue Plate Sushi Bintaro based on Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications. Using a normative legal approach, the research analyzes similarities in visual elements, promotional strategies, and brand identity that may cause consumer confusion. The findings indicate that similarities in logos, product displays, and digital communication styles can be considered trademark infringement when they replicate the distinctive features of a prior brand. Legal protection for trademarks therefore extends beyond names to include the visual expressions and trade concepts forming the business identity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pati Matu Zahrah, Tahasak Sahay, Andika Wijaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
E ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS MODEL FOR CULINARY MSME’S IN EAST JAVA COASTAL TOURISM AREAS
This study focuses on the development of an eco-friendly business model for culinary MSMEs in the coastal tourism area of ​​East Java, Indonesia. The rapid growth of culinary MSMEs in this area has resulted in significant environmental challenges, including increased waste and unsustainable resource use. This study aims to develop a model that integrates environmental sustainability with economic growth in the culinary sector, adopting the triple bottom line approach, which encompasses economic, social, and environmental factors. This qualitative study used a case study design. Data were collected from in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The analysis focused on eco-friendly business practices, supporting and inhibiting factors, and an eco-friendly business model to improve the profitability and environmental performance of culinary MSMEs and contribute to sustainable tourism practices. This study encourages policymakers, business owners, and other stakeholders to promote an eco-friendly culinary industry in the coastal tourism area of ​​East Java.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irra Chrisyanti Dewi, Fabiola Leoparjo, Kristian Agung Nugraha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TELEMEDICINE USERS AND THE QUALITY OF HEALTH SERVICES FOR JKN PATIENTS AT FKTP FLAMINGO CLINIC OF SOEWONDO AIR BASE
Telemedicine has become an important innovation in digital health services to improve healthcare accessibility and quality, particularly for National Health Insurance (JKN) participants in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between telemedicine utilization and healthcare service quality among JKN patients at the Primary Healthcare Facility (FKTP) Flamingo Clinic, Lanud Soewondo, Medan. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample was selected using a total sampling technique, involving all JKN patients who utilized telemedicine services at FKTP Flamingo Clinic during the research period. Data were collected using structured questionnaires measuring respondent characteristics (age, gender, occupation, and frequency of telemedicine use) and telemedicine service factors, including perceived usefulness, ease of use, interface quality, interaction quality, and system reliability. Data analysis was conducted using univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with the Chi-square test. The results showed that respondent characteristics such as age (p=0.614), gender (p=0.636), occupation (p=0.190), and frequency of telemedicine use (p=0.467) were not significantly associated with healthcare service quality. However, perceived usefulness, ease of use, interface quality, interaction quality, and reliability were significantly associated with healthcare service quality (p<0.05). These findings indicate that technological usability and communication quality in telemedicine services play an important role in improving patient satisfaction and healthcare service quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chairunnisa Nasution, Ermi Girsang, Santy Deasy Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE AND JOB SATISFACTION ON HEALTHCARE WORKER RETENTION IN HOSPITALS
This study aims to analyze the influence of work-life balance and job satisfaction on the retention of healthcare workers in Hospital X. The research adopts a quantitative approach with a descriptive and explanatory design. The population consists of healthcare workers, including doctors, nurses, and medical staff, while the sample is selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire measured using a Likert scale. The data analysis techniques include validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, and autocorrelation), multiple linear regression analysis, correlation analysis, coefficient of determination (R²), as well as hypothesis testing using t-test and F-test. The results show that work-life balance has a positive and significant effect on employee retention, and job satisfaction also has a positive and significant effect on employee retention. Simultaneously, both variables significantly influence employee retention. The coefficient of determination indicates that work-life balance and job satisfaction contribute significantly to explaining employee retention, while the remaining variation is influenced by other factors not examined in this study. In conclusion, improving work-life balance and job satisfaction is essential for enhancing the retention of healthcare workers. Hospitals are therefore encouraged to implement supportive policies and create a positive work environment to maintain a stable and committed workforce, ultimately improving the quality of healthcare services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sonya Helen Maysha, Kosasih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EFFECTS OF BANANA PSEUDOSTEM COMPOST RATES IN GROWING MEDIA ON GROWTH OF BLACK PEPPER (Piper nigrum L.) SEEDLINGS
This study aimed to identify the most effective dosage of banana stem compost as a growing medium for black pepper seedlings (Piper nigrum L.). The experiment was arranged using a single-factor Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of five compost dosages: R0 (soil without compost), R1 (100 g compost/kg soil), R2 (200 g compost/kg soil), R3 (300 g compost/kg soil), and R4 (400 g compost/kg soil). Each treatment was replicated five times, resulting in 25 experimental units, with each unit consisting of five pepper seedlings. The observed variables included shoot length, number of leaves, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of seedlings at 12 weeks after transplanting. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Bartlett’s test for homogeneity and Tukey’s test to examine data additivity. When the F-test indicated significant effects, orthogonal polynomial analysis at the 5% and 1% significance levels was conducted.The results showed that banana stem compost significantly influenced shoot length, number of leaves, and root length, but did not significantly affect fresh and dry biomass. The optimal dosage was 300 g compost/kg soil, which supported balanced growth above and below the ground. Overall, banana stem compost demonstrated strong potential as a locally available organic material for pepper seedling production.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ansyori https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE RESPONSIBILITY OF ONLINE TRANSPORTATION SERVICE PROVIDERS IN PROTECTING CONSUMERS WHO EXPERIENCE ACCIDENTS
Online transportation services in Indonesia offer access to very easy transportation features, this poses a significant risk that worsens the guarantee of consumer protection. Even though the standards that must be achieved through a second analysis of three reasons: feasibility, governance, and the principle of accountability, if a violation occurs, what should consumers do. Through careful analysis, a dissection of the rules can be carried out because strict responsibility in Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection provides a general legal umbrella in Article 4 paragraph (1) which states that consumers have the right to comfort, security, and safety when using goods and/or services. However, the law has not specifically regulated the legal relationship between application providers, drivers, and consumers in the context of online services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Joan Yaspedo Purba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF RECITATION METHOD, LEARNING MOTIVATION, AND TIME MANAGEMENT ON STUDENT LEARNING INDEPENDENCE IN ECONOMIC SUBJECT
Learning independence is a crucial aspect of the human resource development process in education. This study aims to explore the influence of the recitation method, learning motivation, and time management on the learning independence of students in economic subjects at MAN Kota Pasuruan. Using an explanatory research design with a quantitative approach, data were collected from 165 tenth-grade students selected through proportional random sampling. Data collection utilized Likert-scale questionnaires validated for reliability and validity. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. The results of the simultaneous test (F-test) showed a significant influence of all three independent variables on learning independence (p < 0.001). Individually, the t-test results revealed that time management has the most dominant positive influence (coefficient 0.374), followed by the recitation method (0.289) and learning motivation (0.274). The R-square value of 0.620 indicates that these variables collectively explain 62% of the variance in student independence. These findings underscore the importance of integrating structured assignments, psychological encouragement, and time-management skills to foster independent learners.
Copyright (c) 2026 Latiful HIdayat, Lilik Sri Hariani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
REFRAMING STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: HUMAN CAPITAL AS A KEY MECHANISM OF ORGANIZATIONAL DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES
Changes in the global organizational environment, characterized by technological turbulence, market uncertainty, sustainability pressures, and institutional complexity, have raised fundamental theoretical issues in the strategic management literature, particularly regarding how organizations build sustainable and adaptive capacity. Recent literature suggests that organizational failure is more often rooted in weak internal capabilities to execute and update strategy than in strategy formulation errors, making Strategic Human Resource Management a central issue in contemporary discourse. However, a review of the past five years has revealed the main limitations of the SHRM literature, which is still dominated by tests of direct relationships with performance or competitive advantage, with inconsistent empirical results and a lack of mechanistic explanations integrated with the resource-based view and dynamic capability. The literature also shows the fragmented use of mediating variables such as human capital without a coherent, process-based causal framework. This literature review aims to develop a conceptual synthesis that integrates SHRM, human capital, and dynamic capabilities into a consistent, mechanism-based explanatory framework. The approach used is an integrative literature review with a systematic search of reputable international databases for the period 2020–2025, accompanied by citation-chaining and thematic and configurative synthesis. The main conceptual findings confirm that SHRM functions as a process-based strategic architecture that shapes the quality of human capital as a microfoundation for the formation of dynamic organizational capabilities. The theoretical contribution of this study lies in clarifying the causal mechanisms of SHRM through human capital and expanding the theory's boundaries to digital and algorithmic contexts. Further research should examine time-based designs, cross-level mechanisms, and technological boundary conditions in the development of contemporary SHRM theory.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hema Herman, Tetra Hidayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER PROTECTION AGAINST DEFAULT DUE TO AGREEMENT ON MISUSE OF PERSONAL DATA BY ONLINE DRIVERS
Study This aim For knowing description protection consumer to breach of contract committed by online drivers against misuse of personal data with method analyze protection consumer in practice in fact as well as responsibility answer perpetrator to consumers who feel dissatisfied​ safety , discomfort , and loss for consumers . The research techniques used is method juridical normative with approach legislation and conceptual . Research results show that mismatch driver identity is form default Because performance No implemented in accordance with agreement electronics . As a result law from default the violate right consumer on security , comfort and certainty law as arranged in Constitution Protection Consumers , so that open room accountability for drivers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eni Surinda Siregar, Nuraliah Ali, Suriansyah Murhaini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TREE-BASED ALGORITHMS FOR CUSTOMER SATISFACTION CLASSIFICATION IN THE LOGISTICS INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF JNE AND J&T EXPRESS
The rapid growth of Indonesia’s e-commerce sector has intensified competition within the logistics industry, positioning customer satisfaction as a critical determinant of competitive advantage. However, the multidimensional and non-linear nature of service quality complicates traditional statistical analysis. This study aims to compare the performance of three tree-based machine learning algorithms (Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting) in classifying customer satisfaction for JNE and J&T Express, while identifying the key service quality dimensions driving satisfaction. Using a validated dataset of 408 respondents, individual service indicators are modeled as predictive features. Hyperparameter tuning is conducted through 500-iteration Randomized Search with 5-fold cross-validation. The results show that the Decision Tree achieves the highest performance for the JNE dataset with an accuracy of 78.05%, precision of 79.16%, recall of 78.05%, and an F1-score of 77.84%. In contrast, Gradient Boosting outperforms other models for the J&T Express dataset with an accuracy of 81.71%, precision of 81.69%, recall of 81.71%, and an F1-score of 81.37%. Furthermore, Feature Importance analysis consistently identifies Shipping Cost as the dominant predictor of satisfaction. These findings highlight the efficacy of tree-based machine learning in decoding complex satisfaction patterns, offering actionable, data-driven insights for logistics service providers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Benedicta, Rudi Nurdiansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PREVENTION OF INSECURE ACCORDING TO THE QURAN: A STUDY OF STUDENTS AT THE DARUL HIKMAH MODERN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL
This study aims to examine the phenomenon of insecurity among students (santri) at Darul Hikmah Islamic Boarding School and to propose Qur‟anic-based solutions. A qualitative field research approach was employed, using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving 30 students, 2 teachers, and 6 parents. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that insecurity among students is influenced by psychological vulnerability, social comparison, negative verbal experiences, and limited understanding of Islamic self-worth. Observations of religious activities such as halaqah and murāja„ah reveal increased self-awareness and inner calm, although some students continue to experience feelings of inferiority. Psychological impacts include reduced self-confidence and diminished learning engagement. The proposed Qur‟anic solutions emphasize strengthening awareness of human dignity, cultivating inner tranquility through worship, and fostering social ethics that prohibit humiliation and mockery. This study concludes that the Al-Qur’an functions not only as a moral guide but also as a relevant psychological resource for addressing insecurity within contemporary Islamic educational settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syaripa Hanum Ritonga, Syahrin Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HOW EFFECTIVE IS THE CODE OF ETHICS IN STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF FORENSIC ACCOUNTING AND WHISTLEBLOWING IN PREVENTING FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL REPORTING?
This study aims to analyze factors that can influence financial statement fraud. The independent variables in the study are forensic accounting and whistleblowing with the code of ethics as a moderating factor. The study was conducted using a quantitative survey method with 100 employees working in the accounting, audit, and finance departments in both the public and private sectors in Indonesia and analyzed using SPSS. The results show that whistleblowing has an effect on financial statement fraud, including in a moderating relationship. Forensic accounting has an effect on financial statement fraud but not in a moderating relationship.
Copyright (c) 2026 Grace Lidya Romaito Hutagaol https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF LEGAL PROTECTION FOR VICTIMS OF THE CRIMINAL ACTS OF EMBAGARY OF TWO-WHEEL VEHICLES (STUDY OF DECISION NUMBER 858/PID.B/2025/PN.LBP)
This study examines legal protection for victims of motorcycle imbezzlement and a critical analysis of the judge's considerations in Decision Number 858/Pid.B/2025/PN.LBP using a normative juridical method with statutory, case, and conceptual approaches. Defendant Muklis Pranoto was proven to have embezzled the victim's motorcycle by pawning it for Rp. 500,000 from a value of Rp. 7,000,000 for online gambling, and was sentenced to 2 years in prison under Article 372 of the old Criminal Code (Article 486 of the National Criminal Code). The judge's selection of Article 372 was dogmatically correct, as criminal intent arose only after legal possession of the vehicle, rendering Article 378 inapplicable. However, serious gaps in victim protection were identified: the prosecutor did not seek restitution, the seeking mechanism (Articles 98–101 of the Criminal Procedure Code) was not pursued, and the judge did not order residual restitution of Rp. 6,500,000. Restorative justice evaluation reveals the verdict only partially fulfills restorative elements, lacking formal dialogue, full restitution, and LPSK involvement. Systemic reform in the implementation of Law No. 31 of 2014 and Supreme Court Regulation No. 1 of 2022 is urgently needed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Belovit Eva Lubis, Hisar Siregar, Samuel Situmorang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN STRATEGY FOR MUARADUA VILLAGE, SUKABUMI, AS AN EFFORT TO DEVELOP THE CREATIVE ECONOMY THROUGH A PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH APPROACH
This study aims to formulate a visual communication design strategy for Muaradua Village, Sukabumi, as an effort to develop a bamboo craft–based creative economy through a structured participatory approach. The method employed is Participatory Action Research (PAR), involving artisans, village youth, and local government officials actively across all stages of the research process, including problem identification, potential mapping, concept development, and media design. This approach was chosen based on preliminary findings indicating that the village’s main challenges lie not in the availability of bamboo raw materials or the artisans’ technical skills, but in weak collective management systems, limited coordination among local actors, and the absence of a shared village identity narrative. The research output, a village profile video, was developed through a collaborative process so that it functions not only as an external promotional medium but also as a tool for social reflection and a learning medium for the community. The findings indicate that community involvement in the creative process significantly increases a sense of ownership toward the resulting media, strengthens awareness of Muaradua Village’s identity as a bamboo village, and encourages the emergence of new initiatives in managing local potential. Conceptually, this study proposes a participatory-based village profile video design model as a visual communication design strategy that positions social processes as the primary foundation, so that development orientation is not limited to the quality of the final product but also emphasizes the social processes that support sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Fawwazianaufal Zidane, Riksa Belasunda, Ranti Rachmawanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF THE “STRONG” TRADEMARK DISPUTE BETWEEN HARDWOOD PRIVATE LIMITED AND PT UNILEVER INDONESIA TBK (A STUDY OF DECISION NUMBER 332 K/PDT.SUS-HKI/2021)
The “STRONG” trademark dispute between Hardwood Private Limited and PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk has led to overlapping ownership claims and divergent legal interpretations at different judicial levels. This research seeks to assess the implementation of the legal certainty principle for the initial trademark registrant and to evaluate the legal reasoning adopted by the Supreme Court in Decision Number 332 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2021 in light of Law Number 20 of 2016. Employing a normative legal research framework, this study applies qualitative analysis through statutory and jurisprudential approaches. The results indicate inconsistencies in applying the first-to-file doctrine, as the Supreme Court granted the trademark rights to PT Unilever by characterizing “Strong” as a descriptive common term that cannot be exclusively owned, notwithstanding Hardwood’s status as the earliest registrant. These findings underscore the importance of conducting thorough substantive examinations by the Directorate General of Intellectual Property during trademark registration to avoid overlapping rights. Additionally, there is a pressing need to reinforce regulations governing the use of common terms in trademarks to promote justice and legal certainty for prior registrants and to prevent monopolization of language in commercial practices. Keywords: Trademarks; Legal Certainty; Trademark Disputes
Copyright (c) 2026 Geby Sabita Panjaitan, July Esther, Roida Nababan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF FORCE MAJEURE CONDITIONS AS A REASON FOR THE FAILURE TO PERFORM THE CONTENTS OF THE AGREEMENT BY THE LESSOR (A STUDY OF DECISION NUMBER 130/Pdt.G/2023/PN.Mdn)
The occurrence of force majeure in an agreement gives rise to legal consequences concerning the performance of the parties’ obligations and potential losses arising from the agreement. In practice, force majeure is often invoked as a defense to avoid liability for breach of contract, including in lease agreements. In Decision Number 130/Pdt.G/2023/PN Mdn, the defendant failed to carry out the agreed renovation of a commercial building and invoked the Covid-19 pandemic as force majeure. This claim raises legal issues regarding whether the elements of force majeure were fulfilled and the limits of the legal liability borne by the invoking party. The aim of the present research is to evaluate the application of force majeure as a defense against contract violations and to look at the judges' legal rationale in reaching their decision. The study is descriptive in nature, applying a normative legal approach with statute and case approaches, and is qualitatively investigated through library research. Since there is no causal connection between the Covid-19 pandemic and the renovation obligation that was due before it happened, the findings show that the pandemic does not meet the requirements of force majeure as outlined in Articles 1244 and 1245 of the Indonesian Civil Code. The defendant’s financial difficulties were categorized as business risks. The decision reaffirms the principles of pacta sunt servanda, good faith, and the burden of proof on the party invoking force majeure. Keywords: Lease Agreement, Breach of Contract, Force Majeure
Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Simamora, Roida Nababan, Besty Habeahan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF AUDIT TENURE, COMPANY SIZE, PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM SIZE, AND INDEPENDENT COMMISSIONERS ON AUDIT DELAY IN BANKING COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE (IDX) FOR THE 2022–2024 PERIOD
This study aims to examine the factors that may influence audit delay in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2022 to 2024, and to draw conclusions based on the findings. The independent variables used in this study include audit tenure, company size, public accounting firm size, and independent commissioners, with audit delay as the dependent variable. This research employs a quantitative approach with a sample of 40 companies. The data analysis method uses multiple linear regression. A purposive sampling strategy was applied as the sampling technique. The results indicate that company size and public accounting firm size have a significant effect on audit delay, while audit tenure and independent commissioners do not have a significant effect on audit delay. Simultaneous testing shows that audit tenure, company size, public accounting firm size, and independent commissioners collectively have a significant effect on audit delay.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jenny Zain, Vanesa Tandri, Evani Artha, Hanicka Theneles, Enda Noviyanti Simorangkir, Oky Syahputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EXPERIMENTAL-BASED OPTIMIZATION MODELING OF COAL BLENDING USING PROXIMATE ANALYSIS TO MEET MT-47 POWER PLANT FUEL STANDARDS
This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using blended coal as fuel for steam power plants (PLTU) by examining the quality of MT-47 coal from PT Bukit Asam through proximate analysis and statistical trend analysis. High-calorie coal (A) and low-calorie coal (B) were blended at ratios of 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, and 60:40, and then tested in the laboratory to determine the intrinsic moisture (IM), ash content, volatile matter (VM), and fixed carbon (FC) content. The test results showed that the IM value ranged from 24.78–27.93%, ash from 4.52–5.79%, VM from 36.05–39.21%, and FC from 30.22–31.50% (adb). Regarding the quality of MT-47, only the ash parameters at the 30:70 and 40:60 ratios meet the standard limits, while the IM, VM, and FC at all ratios do not comply with the MT-47 specifications. Linear regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficients show a very strong linear relationship between the blending ratio and all proximate parameters, with high correlation values (|r| > 0.95) and coefficients of determination above 95%, thus indicating a consistent trend of quality changes due to variations in the blending ratio. Overall, the 30:70 ratio is the composition closest to the quality of MT-47, although this coal mixture still requires further quality improvement processes to be suitable for direct use as PLTU fuel.
Copyright (c) 2026 Taufik Arief, Eddy Ibrahim, IE. Frasetyo, Maulana Yusuf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEGAL REVIEW OF THE CRIMINAL CASE OF IDENTITY FALSEMENT IN PASSPORT ISSUANCE ( Study Case Decision Palangkaraya District Court Number 402/ Pid.Sus /2020/PN Plk )
Study This study accountability criminal to perpetrator main and related parties​​ participate as well as in action criminal forgery identity For get Document Journey Republic of Indonesia. The research also examines the role and authority of Immigration PPNS in enforcement law to action criminal immigration of a legal nature inclusion . Research use method juridical normative with approach legislation and studies case to Decision Number 402/ Pid.Sus /2020/PN Plk . Research results show that perpetrator main sentenced criminal based on Article 126 letter c of the Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration , but other parties are also involved in case This No ensnared criminal Because No made into subject law in investigation , although fact trial show existence parties involved​ and related assistance​​ direct with actions criminal . This is cause problem implementation principle accountability criminal liability and inclusion ( deelneming ) which are not optimal in law immigration . Research This confirm importance implementation principle justice substantive with ensnare all over parties involved​ as well as in action criminal , as well as strengthen the role of Immigration PPNS so that it can uphold law in a way comprehensive and proportional .
Copyright (c) 2026 Krisna Wati, Aristoteles, Evi, Claudia Yuni Pramita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE FORMULATION OF A COMPETITIVE STRATEGY FOR A GROUP CAN USE THE BCG AND SWOT MATRICES
The food and beverage industry is highly competitive due to the increasing number of business players and changing consumer preferences. This situation requires companies to formulate competitive strategies that are not only oriented toward short-term sales achievements but also focused on long-term business sustainability. This study aims to analyze the current competitive strategy of Bisa Group and to formulate an appropriate long-term competitive strategy using SWOT analysis and the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, using primary data obtained through observation and interviews, and secondary data collected from company documents and relevant literature. SWOT analysis is conducted by developing the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrices, determining the company’s position in the SWOT quadrant diagram, and formulating strategies based on the SWOT matrix. Furthermore, the BCG Matrix is applied to identify the position of the restaurant brand portfolio based on market growth rate and relative market share. The results indicate that Bisa Group is positioned in Quadrant I of the SWOT diagram, with an IFE score difference of 1.75 and an EFE score difference of 1.62, showing that the company is in a favorable condition and can implement an aggressive growth strategy (SO strategy). The BCG Matrix analysis shows that Sushi Tei and Pepper Lunch are categorized as Stars, while Paradise Dynasty and Marutama Ramen are categorized as Question Marks. The recommended strategy for Stars is to maintain and strengthen market position, whereas Question Marks require growth strategies through market penetration, market development, and product innovation. The proposed action plan is expected to serve as a guideline for Bisa Group in formulating and implementing long-term competitive strategies to improve competitiveness and sales performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indira Ruth Septarini, Gilbert Citra, Felix Yaptanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF SERVICE COMPENSATION, MOTIVATION, AND DISCIPLINE ON WORK PRODUCTIVITY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON SERVICE QUALITY (Study at Malingping Regional Hospital, Banten Province)
Improving the quality of hospital services is greatly influenced by employee productivity. Human resource management factors such as compensation for services, work motivation, and work discipline are crucial elements that can influence productivity and the quality of healthcare services provided to the public. This study aims to analyze the influence of service compensation, motivation, and discipline on work productivity and their implications for service quality at Malingping Regional General Hospital, Banten Province. The study used a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 193 hospital employee respondents. Data analysis was performed using path analysis with the help of SPSS version 26. The results of the study indicate that motivation and discipline have a positive and significant effect on employee work productivity, while service compensation does not have a significant partial effect on work productivity. Simultaneously, compensation, motivation, and discipline have a significant effect on work productivity. Furthermore, work productivity has a significant effect on service quality. The coefficient of determination indicates that the variables of compensation, motivation, discipline, and productivity are able to explain 94.1% of the variation in service quality. The results of this study indicate the importance of strengthening employee work motivation and discipline policies to improve the quality of hospital services.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dr. H. Sumeidi Kadarisman, S.E., M.M
Copyright (c) 2026 Yusup Erisyadi, Farida Yuliaty, Kosasih, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dr. H. Sumeidi Kadarisman, S.E., M.M, Prof. Dr. VIP Paramarta, Drs., M.M5, Fittiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY OF WASTEWATER FROM THE TOFU AND MEATBALL INDUSTRY BASED ON BOD, PH, COD AND TSS PARAMETERS IN THE SENDANGGUWO SUB-DISTRICT, SEMARANG CITY
The meatball tofu industry in Sendangguwo Village, Semarang City, is a micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) with unique characteristics. It operates as a meat processing unit sourcing raw tofu externally. Its intensive animal protein processing generates liquid waste with a very high organic load. This study aims to analyze the liquid waste quality based on TSS, pH, BOD, and COD parameters, evaluating compliance with recent regulations. The research employs a quantitative descriptive method with longitudinal sampling at three points: upstream (X1), waste convergence point (X2), and downstream (X3). Analyses were conducted in an accredited environmental laboratory using SNI methods. Results indicate the Sendangguwo River's water quality significantly exceeds the Class II standards of Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. At the discharge point (X2), BOD reached 107.25 mg/L and COD 143.29 mg/L. While statistically below the emission limits for the Meat Processing Industry under Central Java Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2012, technical analysis confirms the raw effluent concentration breaches regulations before river dilution. The river's water quality is categorized as "Heavily Polluted," necessitating interventions like grease traps and communal wastewater treatment systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Taufik, Bambang Yulianto, Pertiwi Andarani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DIGITAL MARKETING INNOVATION AS AN ACCELERATOR OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF CULINARY MSMES: A LITERATURE STUDY IN THE FOOD & BEVERAGE SECTOR
The development of digital technology has transformed marketing strategies across various business sectors, including micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the culinary industry. This study aims to analyze the role of digital marketing innovation in enhancing the competitive advantage of MSMEs in the food and beverage sector. The research employs a systematic literature review approach by examining scientific articles published between 2018 and 2025 obtained from academic databases such as Google Scholar, Garuda, and Scopus. The findings indicate that digital marketing innovation contributes to improving brand visibility, strengthening customer engagement, expanding market reach, and enhancing customer experience. However, MSMEs still face several challenges, including limited digital literacy and insufficient marketing innovation capabilities. Therefore, the effectiveness of digital marketing implementation depends on the ability of business actors to strategically integrate digital technologies into their marketing activities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Roza Thohiri, Mutiara Jihan Daulay, Meri Tarihoran, Lailan Hafizah Harahap, Natalia Kartika Simanjuntak, Shella Ardila, Hamidah, Wasti Maldini Sihombing https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF TEMPE FLOUR SUBSTITUTION AND THE ADDITION OF COFFEE GROUNDS ON PROTEIN, FIBER, CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT, AND ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY OF DAHLIA COOKIES
Dahlia cookies are a food product generally made using wheat flour as the main ingredient and sugar as a flavor enhancer. Tempeh flour can be used as a substitute for wheat flour because it has a higher protein content, as well as containing essential amino acids and dietary fiber. Coffee grounds are coffee processing waste that still contains bioactive compounds and fiber so it has the potential to be used as an additional ingredient that can contribute to aroma and sensory characteristics. This study aims to determine the effect of tempeh flour substitution and the addition of coffee grounds on the protein, fiber, carbohydrate content, and organoleptic quality of dahlia cookies. This study used an experimental method with a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of two factors: tempeh flour substitution (30%, 70%, 30%, 70%) and the addition of coffee grounds (6%, 6%, 12%, 12%). The parameters tested included protein content, fiber content, carbohydrate content, and organoleptic tests (color, aroma, taste, and texture). The data from the proximate content analysis were analyzed using ANOVA, while the organoleptic data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elizabeth Angela Sitijo, Bambang Sigit Sucahyo, Yuyun Yuniati, Rachma Nur Devianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF PRODUCT QUALITY AND PRICE ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY WITH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE: A STUDY AT CV. MUTIARA TIMUR
This study aims to analyze the effects of product quality and price on customer loyalty with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable at CV Mutiara Timur, a light steel distributor in Sukabumi. The increasing competition in the construction material industry requires companies to understand the key factors that influence customer satisfaction and loyalty in order to maintain long-term business sustainability. This research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method with questionnaires distributed to customers of CV Mutiara Timur. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the AMOS software. The results indicate that product quality and price have positive and significant effects on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. Product quality is also found to have a positive and significant direct effect on customer loyalty. However, price does not have a significant direct effect on customer loyalty, although it influences loyalty indirectly through customer satisfaction. These findings confirm the important role of customer satisfaction as a mediating variable in strengthening the relationship between product quality, price, and customer loyalty. This study concludes that improving product quality and implementing fair and competitive pricing strategies are essential to enhance customer satisfaction and foster long-term customer loyalty. The findings provide practical implications for managers in the construction material industry to design effective marketing strategies focused on customer satisfaction and loyalty development
Copyright (c) 2026 Aden Akbar G, Muh Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Khairul Amal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT (K3) AND RISK ASSESSMENT ON THE TIME PERFORMANCE OF TOLL ROAD INFRASRUCTURE PROJECTS WITH JOB SATISFACTION AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE BASED ON SEM-PLS
Time performance is one of the key indicators of project success, especially in toll road infrastructure projects with strict deadlines. This study aims to analyze the influence of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Management and Risk Assessment on Time Performance through Job Satisfaction as an intervening variable using the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method. Data were collected from workers involved in toll road infrastructure projects and analyzed using a quantitative approach.The results indicate that Risk Assessment and OHS Management have a positive and significant effect on Job Satisfaction, with path coefficient values of 15.312 and 9.116, respectively. Additionally, Job Satisfaction significantly affects Time Performance (path coefficient = 2.625). Further analysis reveals that Risk Assessment and OHS Management also have a significant impact on Time Performance through Job Satisfaction, with path coefficient values of 2.923 and 2.507, respectively. This finding suggests that effective OHS management and risk assessment processes can enhance worker satisfaction, ultimately leading to improved project completion efficiency.This study highlights the importance of integrating safety management and risk assessment into project management strategies to enhance time efficiency in toll road infrastructure projects.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arief Satria Maulana, Budi Susetyo, Mawardi Amin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE CONSTRUCTION OF YOUTH CITIZENSHIP LEGITIMACY: FROM SOCIAL ADVOCACY TO DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP
This study examines how youth citizenship is constructed beyond its formal status by analyzing the multidimensional processes through which young people gain legitimacy as civic actors. The research problem arises from the tendency to view youth merely as “not-yet citizens,” overlooking their active roles in addressing societal issues. The study aims to demonstrate that youth are real citizens who build legitimacy through social participation, digital engagement, and trust-based practices. Using a phenomenological method, this study explores the lived experiences of youth communities, capturing their advocacy initiatives, cross-community collaborations, and use of digital media. Data were collected through interviews, document analysis, and observation, and analyzed through categorization, interpretation, and inductive reasoning. The findings show that social legitimacy is derived from the relevance of issues raised—such as education, environment, gender equality, and human trafficking—and the solidarity built through collaboration. Digital legitimacy is established by utilizing diverse social media platforms as contemporary civic spaces to expand advocacy and visibility. Trust-based legitimacy emerges from practices of egalitarian advocacy, transparency, and sustained solidarity across communities, which enhance both credibility and moral authority. The study concludes that youth citizenship is a dynamic and multidimensional process shaped by the interplay of social, technological, and ethical contexts. It also suggests that further research should explore how digital legitimacy can evolve into tangible influence on public policy and that comparative studies across regions may enrich understandings of global patterns of youth civic practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Belandina Liliana Long, Ivan Gideon Fanggidae, Alfandy Florian Manuain, Ivan Gideon Fanggidae, Ardy Yosafat Pandie https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE AND WORK-LIFE BALANCE IN ENHANCING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
This study aims to examine the influence of social media usage and work-life balance on employee performance at the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise of Eastern Sumatra. This study employed a quantitative method with an objective, measurable approach, using numerical data to analyze the relationship between research variables. The data used consisted of primary data obtained through questionnaires and secondary data obtained from related reports. The sample in this study comprised all 100 employees of the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise of Eastern Sumatra, using saturated sampling. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression to examine the influence of social media usage and work-life balance on employee performance. The results of the study indicate that social media use focused on professional goals and a good work-life balance has a positive and significant influence on employee performance. This study has important implications for the management of the Regional Office of Customs and Excise in formulating policies that support the productive use of social media and facilitate employee work-life balance, thereby improving work quality and productivity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irsan Febriansyah, Irsan Febriansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF INFORMATION ACCESSIBILITY, DIGITAL LITERACY, AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF WORKING DOCUMENTS ON THE MUTIARA PUSTAKA WEBSITE
This study aims to analyze the influence of information accessibility, digital literacy, and organizational commitment on the optimization of work documents based on the Mutiara Pustaka website at PT Mutiara Tanjung Lestari Site Berau. The study used an associative quantitative approach with a survey method of 96 respondents. The analysis technique used multiple linear regression. The results of the study indicate that partially digital literacy and organizational commitment have a positive and significant effect on the optimization of work documents, while information accessibility has a positive but insignificant effect. Simultaneously, all three variables have a significant effect with an Adjusted R Square value of 0.854, meaning 85.4% of the variation in work document optimization can be explained by the research model. This finding confirms that the success of a company's digital transformation is not only determined by the quality of the information system, but also by the digital competence of users and ongoing organizational support.
Copyright (c) 2026 Verianto, Farida Yuliaty, Kosasih, Sobarna, Vip Paramarta, Fitriana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CRIMINAL LIABILITY ANALYSIS FOR ILLEGAL TRADE IN PROTECTED WILDLIFE (KASONGAN PN DECISION NUMBER 48/PID.B/LH/2019/PN KSN)
The illegal trade in protected wildlife constitutes a form of environmental crime that poses serious threats to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem balance. Indonesia, as a country with one of the highest levels of biodiversity in the world, faces significant challenges in enforcing the law against persistent wildlife trafficking practices. This study aims to analyze the legal framework and the application of criminal liability for perpetrators of illegal trade in protected wildlife, as reflected in the Decision of the Kasongan District Court Number 48/Pid.B/LH/2019/PN Ksn. The research employs a normative legal method using a statutory approach and a case approach. The findings indicate that the regulation of protected wildlife trade in Indonesia has been comprehensively established through Law Number 5 of 1990, reinforced by Law Number 32 of 2024, with Government Regulation Number 7 of 1999 serving as its implementing regulation. The analysis further shows that criminal liability is imposed on the offender on an individual basis, based on the fulfillment of criminal elements in the form of intentional trading of protected wildlife without the required authorization. However, the sentence imposed in the case is relatively lenient when compared to the maximum penalties specified by law. This situation reflects a gap between normative legal provisions and sentencing practices, which may undermine the effectiveness of law enforcement and the achievement of sustainable wildlife protection objectives.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ifa Lorenza, Aristoteles, Hilyatul Asfia, Kiki Kristanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF SKILLS, COMMUNICATION, AND SUPPORTING EQUIPMENT OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY SPECIALISTS (DRG. SP.KG) ON WAITING TIME AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT SATISFACTION (A SURVEY AT KAJEN DISTRICT HOSPITAL, PEKALONGAN)
This study aims to analyze the effects of dentists’ skills, communication, and supporting equipment on waiting time and their implications for patient satisfaction at Kajen Regional General Hospital (RSUD Kajen) in Pekalongan. The research was motivated by long waiting times and limited facilities. A quantitative associative approach was used, with data collected through questionnaires from 286 patients receiving conservative dental care. Data analysis included validity, reliability, multiple regression, and Sobel tests to examine both direct and indirect relationships among variables. The results showed that skills, communication, and supporting equipment significantly influenced waiting time and patient satisfaction, both directly and indirectly. Waiting time was found to mediate these effects. Communication was identified as the most dominant factor affecting patient satisfaction, while supporting equipment played a key role in speeding up treatment and reducing waiting time. Improving dental service efficiency at RSUD Kajen can be achieved by enhancing dentists’ skills and communication, and optimizing modern supporting equipment. These efforts are expected to increase patient satisfaction and support continuous improvement in hospital service quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jeanny Kathleen Hartini, Kosasih, Etty Sofia, Taufan Nugroho, Vip Paramarta, Farida Yuliaty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH) RISKS IN THE TRANSPORTATION PROCESS OF HAZARDOUS AND TOXIC WASTE (B3) USING THE HAZOP METHOD AND RISK MATRIX
Occupational safety and health (OSH) is an important aspect of industrial activities, particularly in the transportation of hazardous and toxic waste (B3), which poses high potential risks to workers, the environment, and the surrounding community. PT.XYZ, as a hazardous waste transportation service company, faces various potential hazards at each stage of its operational process, including vehicle preparation, loading, transportation to the destination, unloading, as well as administration and housekeeping activities. This study aims to identify potential hazards, analyze the level of occupational safety and health risks, and formulate risk control recommendations in the hazardous waste transportation process at PT.XYZ. The research method used in this study is descriptive-analytical research with qualitative and quantitative approaches. Hazard identification was carried out using the Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) method based on field observations, interviews, and documentation studies. Risk level assessment was conducted using the Risk Matrix method by applying likelihood and severity parameters to classify risks into low, medium, high, and extreme categories. The results show that there are 20 potential hazards identified across all stages of the hazardous waste transportation process. The risk level recapitulation indicates that high and medium risk categories each account for 45%, extreme risk accounts for 10%, and no risks fall into the low category. Extreme risks were found during the transportation stage to the destination, particularly those related to driver fatigue and uncontrolled vehicle speed. Based on these findings, risk control recommendations were formulated using a risk control hierarchy approach, including administrative controls, engineering controls, and the use of personal protective equipment. The implementation of these recommendations is expected to reduce OSH risk levels and improve occupational safety and health performance in the hazardous waste transportation process at PT.XYZ.
Copyright (c) 2026 Uni Pratama Pebrina Br Tarigan, Andrea Felic Lim, Kevin Jerrykent https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ROLE IN HOUSE TRAINING AND ACADEMIC SUPERVISION IN IMPROVING TEACHER PERFORMANCE IN HIGH SCHOOL
Education is a dynamic sector that continually undergoes policy changes in line with societal demands and the pace of global development. These policy shifts directly impact the role of teachers, both in their pedagogical functions and in maintaining professional standards. Teachers are required to adapt to new regulations to perform their duties effectively. Failure to adapt may lead to decreased performance, ultimately affecting the quality of classroom learning. The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum, which adopts a deep learning approach, demands teachers to adjust their competencies to carry out learning activities in accordance with its requirements. To address these challenges, the school implements In House Training (IHT) and academic supervision as strategies for professional teacher development. This study aims to analyze the role of IHT and academic supervision in improving teacher performance in the domain of pedagogical competence across three key aspects: lesson planning, instructional implementation, and learning evaluation. This research employs a qualitative case study approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. The main informants include school supervisors, the school principal, the vice principal for curriculum, and teachers. The results indicate that IHT significantly enhances teachers’ understanding of lesson plan development, differentiated instruction, and formative assessment. Meanwhile, academic supervision ensures the implementation of these competencies through pre-observation, classroom observation, reflection, and follow-up activities. Overall, there is a substantial improvement in teachers’ abilities to design relevant instructional materials, apply active learning strategies, utilize digital media, and conduct more systematic learning assessments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yudi Kirmadi, Bambang Ismaya, Maman Suryaman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EVALUATION OF THE THREE IN ONE (3IN1) BEREAVEMENT PROGRAM IN BENGKULU CITY
The 3in1 Bereavement Program initiated by the Bengkulu City Government is an innovation in population administration services that integrates the issuance of death certificates, updates to Family Cards, and renewal of electronic ID cards in a single process through a proactive service delivery mechanism. Although this program has been running since 2021 and demonstrates high effectiveness, it still operates without a formal legal foundation in the form of a Mayor's Regulation, relying solely on a Mayor's Decree. This study aims to evaluate program implementation using the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) model and identify factors contributing to delays in regulatory formalization. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research employs in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. Evaluation results show the program is effective across context, input, process, and product dimensions. However, delays in regulatory formalization are caused by four main factors: prioritization of responsiveness over legal certainty, limitations in legal human resources at the Department of Population and Civil Registration, complexity of regional regulation formation procedures, and weak momentum in the legislative process. The implications of the absence of formal regulation create vulnerabilities regarding program sustainability, limited accountability, and obstacles to policy replication.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anshar Amin, Sugeng Suharto, Adityo Pratikno Ramadhan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TAX COMPLIANCE IS INFLUENCED BY ATTITUDE, SUBJECTIVE NORMS, AND PERCEIVED BEHAVIORAL CONTROL WITH COMPLIANCE INTENTION AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE IN THE MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES (MSE) SECTOR IN EAST JAKARTA
This study aims to analyze the influence of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on tax compliance, with compliance intention acting as a mediating variable among Micro and Small Industries (MSIs) in East Jakarta. Low tax compliance remains a major challenge in increasing government revenue, particularly in the MSI sector, which is characterized by diverse administrative capacities and varying levels of tax understanding. This research employs a quantitative approach based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which explains that compliance behavior is influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention as the primary determinant of actual behavior. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to MSI taxpayers and analyzed using the Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The results indicate that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control positively influence compliance intention. Furthermore, compliance intention has a positive and significant effect on actual tax compliance behavior. Compliance intention also plays a mediating role in strengthening the relationship between these three psychological factors and tax compliance. These findings suggest that improving tax compliance is not solely determined by regulations and sanctions, but is also influenced by psychological, social, and perceived capability factors of taxpayers in fulfilling their tax obligations. This study provides theoretical contributions to the development of the Theory of Planned Behavior in the context of taxation within the MSI sector and offers practical implications for tax authorities in designing behavior-based policies through education, socialization, and simplification of tax administration to sustainably enhance tax compliance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Devy Permatasari, Deden Tarmidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANTI-MELANOGENIC PROPERTIES OF CELERY LEAF EXTRACT IN HYPERPIGMENTATION INDUCED BY AZIDOTHYMIDINE
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of ethanolic extract form Celery leaves (Apium graveolens L.) on hyperpigmented Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus sp.) induced by Azidothymidine (AZT). Celery leaves are known to contain bioactive compounds which may serve as potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. About 30 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups, including a positive control, a negative control, and groups treated with various doses (1%, 3% and 5%) of celery leaf extract. The study examined inflammation indicators such as MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6. Celery leaf extract significantly (P<0.001) reduced MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in rats, demonstrating its capacity to attenuate inflammation and oxidative stress produced by AZT. With the increase in celery leaf extract concentration from 1% to 5%, MDA, IL-6 and TNF-α levels decreased from 42.083 ± 3.49 to 28.277 ± 10.27 nmol/ml, 14.588 ± 3.38 to 4.539 ± 1.40 nmol/ml and 667.614 ± 143.41 to 326.920 ± 62.72 nmol/ml respectively. Histopathological examinations demonstrated improvements in skin tissues damaged by inflammation. The results indicate that an ethanol extract of celery leaves has the potential to be an efficient anti-inflammatory drug, notably in lowering AZT-induced inflammation and hyperpigmentation. Further research is required to explore its clinical applicability in controlling inflammatory diseases in human.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dearni Damanik, Jekson M. Siahaan, Endy Juli Anto, Syafruddin Ilyas, Hadyanto L https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF QUALITY OF WORK LIFE AND JOB SATISFACTION ON WORK DISCIPLINE THROUGH SOCIAL SUPPORT AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE IN THE FOOD AND BEVERAGES COMPANY PT FAMILY AURORA NUSANTARA
Study aims to analyze the effect of Quality of Work Life and Job Satisfaction on employee Work Discipline, with Social Support as an intervening variable at PT Family Aurora Nusantara. This research employed a quantitative approach involving 89 employees selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires with a Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the assistance of SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results indicate that Quality of Work Life, Job Satisfaction, and Social Support have a positive and significant effect on Work Discipline. Furthermore, Quality of Work Life and Job Satisfaction also have a positive and significant effect on Social Support. The indirect effect analysis shows that Social Support mediates the relationship between Quality of Work Life and Job Satisfaction on Work Discipline. These findings suggest that improving employees' quality of work life and job satisfaction can strengthen social support in the workplace, which ultimately contributes to enhancing employee work discipline.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syarifatul Wahidah, Hardani Widhiastuti, Rusmalia Dewi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC PROTESTS AND DEMONSTRATIONS ON INDONESIA'S GOVERNANCE SYSTEM: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
This study investigates the impact of public protests and demonstrations on the governance system in Indonesia within the context of post-Reformation electoral democracy. Through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 25 reputable journal articles published between 2023-2025, this research identifies patterns, mechanisms, and outcomes of collective action on political stability, policy responsiveness, institutional legitimacy, and regulatory frameworks. The synthesis results reveal multidimensional and contextual impacts. Qualitative findings underscore that protest effectiveness highly depends on political opportunity structures, digital media utilization, and civil society coalition capacity. Protests function as vital extra-institutional correction mechanisms, yet they also potentially cause polarization and short-term erosion of trust when government responses are repressive. This study concludes that protests have become an inseparable governance sub-system in Indonesia, driving adaptation and accountability pressures, albeit with complex consequences for social cohesion and democratic procedural stability. The findings offer theoretical contributions to social movement literature and practical insights for policymakers in designing constructive responses to public protests.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muliyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF SERVICE QUALITY DIMENSIONS ON PATIENT LOYALTY WITH SATISFACTION AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE AT PKU MUHAMMADIYAH WONOGIRI HOSPITAL
This study aims to analyze the influence of service quality dimensions, including tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, on patient loyalty, with patient satisfaction as a mediating variable at PKU Muhammadiyah Wonogiri Hospital. This study employed a quantitative, survey-based approach. The sample consisted of 200 outpatients selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS. The results showed that reliability, assurance, and empathy had a positive and significant effect on patient satisfaction, while tangibles and responsiveness did not significantly influence satisfaction. Patient satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on patient loyalty. Furthermore, tangibles, assurance, and empathy had a direct significant effect on patient loyalty, while reliability and responsiveness did not show significant direct effects. The mediation analysis revealed that patient satisfaction significantly mediated the relationship between empathy and patient loyalty, while the mediating effect of satisfaction on the relationship between reliability and loyalty was weak or marginal. In contrast, satisfaction did not mediate the relationships between tangibles, responsiveness, or assurance and patient loyalty. These findings indicate that emotional and interpersonal aspects of healthcare services, particularly empathy, play a central role in enhancing patient satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, hospitals are encouraged to strengthen healthcare worker–patient interactions to improve long-term patient loyalty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khusnul Khotimah Ariyani, Iwan Setiawan Adji, Soepatini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INFORMAL FINANCING OF CANDIDATES: IMPACT OF INFORMAL SOCIAL NETWORK ON CAMPAIGN COST
This article discusses the impact of cultural context and informal social networks on candidate campaign financing in the Malaka Regency regional elections, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This study employs a qualitative approach, incorporating clientelism and candidate financing theories, to examine candidate financing practices in the Malaka Regency elections. The study's main finding is that all candidate pairs in the elections utilized informal networks based on kinship, ethnicity, and organizations as political vehicles. However, these informal networks did not significantly influence campaign funding. The study concludes that the primary component of candidate financing remains dominated by political party machinery, while informal networks do not receive sufficient financing as political machines.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syahrin Badrin Kamahi, Yonathan H.L Lopo, Frans B.R Humau, Esrah D.N.A Benu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF JOB STRAIN AND DEFENSE MECHANISMS ON BURNOUT OF HEALTH WORKERS WITH RESILIENCE AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE (Study at Dr. Nur's Clinic, Cimahi City)
Burnout is a psychological problem frequently experienced by healthcare workers due to high work demands, emotional stress, and patient care responsibilities. This study aims to analyze the influence of job strain and defense mechanisms on healthcare worker burnout, with resilience as an intervening variable at Dr. Nur Clinic in Cimahi City. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method of healthcare workers working at Dr. Nur Clinic. The data analysis technique used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS) to test the relationship between the research variables. The results showed that job strain significantly influenced resilience, while defense mechanisms also had a significant influence on resilience. Resilience was shown to have a significant influence on healthcare worker burnout. Job strain did not directly influence burnout, while defense mechanisms had a significant effect on burnout. In addition, resilience was shown to mediate the relationship between job strain and defense mechanisms on burnout. The findings of this study indicate that burnout in healthcare workers is not only influenced by work pressure, but also by the individual's psychological ability to deal with work stress. Therefore, strengthening resilience and developing adaptive coping strategies are important to reduce the risk of burnout in healthcare workers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Feni Oktafiani, Sri Rochani Mulyani, Raden Ricky Agusiady T.S., Ayu Laili Rahmiyati, Vip Paramarta, Farida Yuliaty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF BRAND AWARENESS AND PRODUCT QUALITY ON REPURCHASE INTENTION OF MS GLOW SKINCARE PRODUCTS : MEDIATED BY BRAND TRUST
This study aims to analyze the influence of brand awareness and product quality on repurchase intention of MS Glow skincare products with brand trust as a mediating variable. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method of 120 students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Tadulako University who have used MS Glow products. Sampling was carried out using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through the SmartPLS application. The results of the study indicate that brand awareness and product quality have a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention. In addition, brand awareness and product quality also have a positive and significant effect on brand trust. However, brand trust does not have a significant effect on repurchase intention and is unable to mediate the influence of brand awareness and product quality on repurchase intention. This study provides theoretical contributions to marketing studies as well as practical implications for companies in formulating marketing strategies that focus on strengthening brand awareness and improving product quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alya Nurkhaliza, Syamsul Bachri, Elimawaty Rombe, Setiawan Mandala Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LIMITATIONS OF THE STATE'S OBLIGATIONS IN PROVIDING CONSULAR PROTECTION TO INDONESIAN CITIZENS WHO HAVE BEEN DEPORTED BASED ON THE 1963 VIENNA CONVENTION
Deportation of foreign nationals is an administrative action taken by the receiving country as part of immigration law enforcement based on the principle of state sovereignty. In practice, deported Indonesian citizens (WNI) often apply for protection to Indonesian consular representatives abroad. This situation has given rise to debate regarding the extent of the obligations of the country of origin to provide consular protection, especially when the deportation decision has been made by the receiving country's authorities. This study aims to analyze the obligations and limits of state consular protection for deported Indonesian citizens based on the 1963 Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, as well as to examine the challenges and practices of Indonesian consular protection. This study uses a normative legal research method with a legislative approach and a conceptual approach. The results show that consular protection is an international legal obligation of the country of origin, but is limited and cannot intervene in the receiving country's authority to impose deportation. The consular role focuses more on consular access, assistance, information provision, and administrative and humanitarian facilitation. This study concludes that strengthening legal education and public understanding of consular functions is a preventive measure to minimize immigration violations and erroneous expectations regarding the state's role in the deportation process.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Bahagia, Harisman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF SERVICE QUALITY AND PROMOTION MEDIATED BY CONSUMER SATISFACTION ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY AT CV. ANANDA LINK
The increasingly tight competition in the service industry demands companies to be able to retain customers by increasing loyalty. Customer loyalty is not only influenced by service quality and promotion, but also by the level of customer satisfaction as a mediating factor. This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality and promotion on customer loyalty with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable at CV. Ananda Link Sukabumi. This study uses a quantitative approach with a causal design. Data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to 175 active customers of CV. Ananda Link selected using the Krejcie and Morgan technique. Data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of AMOS 26.00 software. The results showed that service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction (estimate = 0.654; p < 0.001) and customer loyalty (estimate = 0.438; p < 0.001). Promotion also has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction (estimate = 0.231; p = 0.025) and customer loyalty (estimate = 0.271; p = 0.004). Furthermore, customer satisfaction has been shown to have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty (estimate = 0.234; p = 0.012). These findings indicate that customer satisfaction acts as a partial mediating variable in the relationship between service quality and promotion on customer loyalty
Copyright (c) 2026 Raehan Ananda, Muh Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Khairul Amal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HEAD MANAGEMENT SCHOOLS IN IMPLEMENTING INCLUSIVE SCHOOLS IN STATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS OF GUGUS III, DEWANTARA DISTRICT REGENCY NORTH ACEH
This study aims to describe the Principal's Management in Implementing Inclusive Schools in State Elementary Schools Cluster III, Dewantara District, West Java Regency. North Aceh and the supporting and inhibiting factors of Principal Management in Implementing Inclusive Schools in State Elementary Schools Cluster III, Dewantara District, Aceh North Aceh. This research is a descriptive study using qualitative methods with a phenomenon approach or direct observation and interaction in the field. The subjects in This research is the principal and several teachers who teach at inclusive class. Technique collection data using interviews, observations, and also documentation studies. Data presentation analysis techniques use data reduction, data presentation, and documentation. data And withdrawal conclusion to participants in field without the existence of engineering. Meanwhile, the data validity test uses the criteria of degree of trust, transferability, dependence And certainty participants as source person. Results research shows that (1) Principal Management in Implementing Inclusive Schools in State Elementary Schools Cluster III, District Dewantara Regency Aceh North Already Can it is said Good. Can seen from the management process carried out with POAC elements, namely planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating. (2) supporting factors, namely laws that regulate about school inclusive, and factor inhibitors, namely unavailability or inadequate supporting facilities and infrastructure, support from the local community and accompanying teachers who are not graduates of inclusive education for students with special needs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zahara, Sonny Muhammad Ikhsan Mangkuwinata, Iskandar Idris https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
NON-COMPETE CLAUSES IN DEALER AGREEMENTS AND VERTICAL INTEGRATION: A DOCTRINAL ANALYSIS OF THE NORMATIVE INTERACTION BETWEEN ARTICLE 14 AND ARTICLE 19 OF INDONESIAN COMPETITION LAW IN LIGHT OF KPPU DECISION NO. 18/KPPU-L/2024 (SANY TRUCK CASE)
This research analyzes the normative ambiguity surrounding the concurrent application of Article 14 (vertical integration prohibition) and Article 19 (market control prohibition) under Indonesian Law No. 5/1999 in the context of dealer agreements with non-compete clauses. Through doctrinal legal analysis of KPPU Decision No. 18/KPPU-L/2024, which imposed Indonesia's largest competition law fine of Rp. 449 billion for simultaneous Article 14-19 violations, this study identifies substantial evidentiary overlap and legal characterization uncertainty. A comparative analysis of the competition law frameworks of Singapore, the European Union, and the United States reveals transferable principles, including market-share safe harbors, duration-based assessments of non-compete clauses, and structured foreclosure analyses. Findings demonstrate that existing Indonesian statutory provisions lack clear criteria to distinguish structural foreclosure (Article 14) from behavioral exclusion (Article 19), and that KPPU enforcement practice is inconsistent with the procedural requirements under Perkom 5/2010. The research proposes a normative clarification framework that establishes interpretive criteria for concurrent application and recommends regulatory amendments introducing market-share thresholds, a mandatory three-stage analysis, and limitations on the duration of non-compete clauses to enhance legal certainty and enforcement consistency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dian Aryani Kusady https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DESIGN OF SALMON STORAGE PACKAGING TO MAINTAIN QUALITY USING THE QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT (QFD) METHOD AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHART
Salmon is a high-value food commodity that is highly susceptible to quality deterioration due to lipid oxidation and microbial growth during storage. This issue is often caused by packaging designs that do not fully accommodate product characteristics and consumer requirements. This study aims to develop a salmon packaging design capable of maintaining product quality and extending shelf life by integrating the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method and the Morphological Chart approach. The theoretical framework and literature review cover food packaging concepts, QFD, the House of Quality, and the Morphological Chart as a tool for generating design alternatives. This research employs a descriptive method with qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were collected through literature studies and the identification of the voice of customer, which were subsequently analyzed using QFD to determine priority technical requirements. The results indicate that packaging methods (vacuum/MAP), oxygen permeability, and storage temperature are the most critical technical priorities. Furthermore, the Morphological Chart produced an optimal design combination consisting of MAP packaging with very low oxygen control, multilayer food-grade materials, high sealing strength, and storage temperatures ranging from −1 to 0 °C. In conclusion, the integration of QFD and the Morphological Chart is effective in generating a salmon packaging design that meets consumer needs and preserves product quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lidya Wijaya, Riko Kanady, Indira Ruth Septarini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN HYDROPOWER GENERATION: A LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT AT PT PLN NUSANTARA POWER UP CIRATA, PURWAKARTA, INDONESIA
PT PLN Nusantara Power UP Cirata is one of the largest hydropower plants in Indonesia, with an installed capacity of 1.008 MW, and plays a strategic role in supporting national electricity supply security. Although classified as renewable energy, hydropower operations are not entirely free from environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas emissions from biomass decomposition in the reservoir and waste generated from turbine and generator maintenance. This study aims to analyze the environmental impacts of electricity generation using the Life Cycle Assessment method with a cradle-to-gate system boundary. The assessment was conducted using SimaPro 9.5.0.2 with the CML-IA Baseline method, where the functional unit was 1 kWh of electricity. The main hotspot within the cradle boundary is the Cirata Reservoir due to diesel consumption, contributing 1.21E-04 kg CO2-eq/kWh to global warming potential, 2.35E-11 kg CFC-11-eq/kWh to ozone depletion potential, 3.52E-07 kg SO2-eq/kWh to acidification potential, and 3.32E-06 kg PO4-eq/kWh to eutrophication potential. Within the gate boundary, hotspots were identified in the turbine, where used oil contributed 1.91E-05 kg CO2-eq/kWh to global warming potential, turbine oil contributed 2.63E-12 kg CFC-11-eq/kWh to ozone depletion and 3.97E-08 kg SO2-eq/kWh to acidification potential, and the sewage treatment plant contributed 3.49E-07 kg PO4-eq/kWh to eutrophication potential.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rimala Zahra Wibowo, Suherman, Muhammad Helmi, Arti Hapsari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CONSENT FOR MEDICAL ACTION (INFORMED CONSENT) FOR SURGICAL ACTION AFTER THE ENFORCEMENT OF LAW NO. 17 OF 2023 CONCERNING HEALTH
Health services are a form of public service aimed at improving the level of public health. In medical practice, particularly in invasive procedures such as surgical operations, medical consent or informed consent is required as a form of legal protection for both patients and medical personnel. This study aims to examine the concept, principles, and legal regulations regarding the implementation of informed consent in surgical procedures from the perspective of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health. The research uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach by analyzing various relevant sources such as books, scientific journals, and legal regulations. The results show that informed consent is a communication process between medical personnel and patients that includes information about diagnosis, objectives of medical procedures, treatment processes, benefits, risks, and alternative treatments. The regulation of informed consent in Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health provides a clear legal basis regarding patients' rights to obtain information and give consent for medical procedures. In surgical practice, the implementation of informed consent is particularly important due to the higher level of risk associated with surgical procedures. Therefore, the proper implementation of informed consent in a clear, transparent, and lawful manner can provide balanced legal protection for both patients and medical personnel while minimizing the potential for medical disputes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Putu Ayu Utari Laksmi, I Gusti Ngurah Parikesit Widiatedja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (HMIS) ON THE EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY OF OUTPATIENT SERVICES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE (A SURVEY STUDY AT RUMAH SEHAT TERPADU DOMPET DUAFA HOSPITAL, BOGOR CITY)
This study aims to analyze the effect of the Hospital Management Information System (HMIS) on the effectiveness and efficiency of outpatient services and its implications for employee performance at Rumah Sakit Sehat Terpadu Dompet Dhuafa, Bogor City. The study employed a quantitative approach with a survey method involving employees directly engaged in outpatient services and HMIS utilization. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive analysis and path analysis with SPSS version 24. The results indicate that HMIS contributes to service effectiveness (β=0.605; R²=36.6%), reflected in improved patient data accessibility, recording accuracy, and service speed. HMIS also contributes to service efficiency (β=0.603; R²=36.4%), evidenced by reduced patient waiting times and accelerated administrative processes. Service effectiveness and efficiency jointly contribute to employee performance (R²=26.5%), although only efficiency demonstrates a meaningful partial contribution. HMIS exerts a direct effect on employee performance (β=0.526) as well as indirect effects through effectiveness (0.126) and efficiency (0.242), yielding a total effect of 0.894. It is concluded that optimal HMIS implementation contributes to improving outpatient service quality and employee performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anggilia Yuliani Susanti, Sri Rochani Mulyani, Rukhiyat Syahidin, Ayu Laili Rahmiyati, Farida Yuliaty, Fitriana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FILLER ENGINEERING IN WOOD–PLASTIC COMPOSITES: A REVIEW OF MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE, INTERFACIAL BEHAVIOR, AND FAILURE MECHANISMS
Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) have gained increasing attention as lightweight, cost-effective, and sustainable materials for applications such as construction, furniture, automotive components, and consumer products. Among the variables affecting WPC performance, filler characteristics play a central role by controlling stress transfer, interfacial adhesion, stiffness, strength, and fracture behaviour. This literature review examines the influence of filler characteristics on the mechanical performance of WPCs. The discussion includes filler type and source, particle size, particle shape, aspect ratio, filler loading, raw material composition, and chemical pretreatment, together with their interactions with coupling agents and polymer matrices. The reviewed studies show that these factors strongly influence tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus, impact resistance, and failure mechanisms. Differences in wood species, recycled lignocellulosic materials, and agricultural residues also contribute to variations in composite behaviour, driven by their distinct chemical composition, density, morphology, and thermal stability. In addition, surface modification and compatibilisation, especially using maleic anhydride-grafted polyolefins, are widely reported to improve filler–matrix adhesion and mechanical properties. Overall, WPC optimisation requires integrated control of filler morphology, composition, content, and interface quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cahyo Budiyantoro, Johanes Wawan Joharwan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRIENDSHIP QUALITY AND SELF-ESTEEM AND LONELINESS IN LATE ADOLESCENCE
This study aims to determine the relationship between friendship quality and self-esteem and loneliness in late adolescence. This study uses a quantitative method with a correlational design. The sampling technique used is a sampling quota involving 200 final adolescents aged 18-21 years. The instruments used are friendship quality scales, self-esteem scales, and loneliness scales that have been tested for reliability. The results showed a significant negative relationship between friendship quality and loneliness with rxly -0.546 with p of 0.000 (p<0.01), and between self-esteem and loneliness with rxly -0.581 and p of 0.000 (p<0.01). These findings indicate that the higher the quality of friendship and self-esteem, the lower the tendency to be lonely in late adolescence. Therefore, improving the quality of friendship and self-esteem is very important to be considered as a preventive and intervention effort in reducing loneliness in this group.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siska Abbidah Kurniasari, Latifah Nur Ahyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF THE PROPORTION OF PINEAPPLE SKIN AND APPLE TEA ON THE CHEMICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF KOMBUCHA
Pineapple peel contains flavonoids and acids, while apple tea is rich in polyphenols and tannins that can increase the functional value of fermented products. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and determine the best ratio of pineapple peel with apple tea on the chemical and organoleptic properties of kombucha drinks . The study was conducted quantitatively experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor , namely the ratio of pineapple peel and apple tea in making kombucha, with four treatments : P1 (0%:100%), P2 (25%:75%), P3 (50%:50%), and P4 (75%:25%). Fermentation took place for seven days at room temperature (25–30°C). The chemical parameters tested included pH, total titratable acid, total dissolved solids, and total phenolic content, analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANSIRA) and continued with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test if there was a significant difference. Organoleptic tests were conducted using the hedonic method for color, aroma, and taste, using the Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric analysis. The results showed that treatment P2 (25% pineapple peel : 75% apple tea) provided the best chemical and organoleptic characteristics. Increasing the proportion of pineapple peel decreased pH and phenolic content and increased total acid and total soluble solids, while the proportion of apple tea produced an optimal balance between chemical and organoleptic properties, including preferred color, aroma, and taste. This indicates that the 25%:75% combination has great potential as an optimal formulation for making kombucha with balanced chemical and organoleptic characteristics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sholikha Amalia Putri, Kejora Handarini, Adhania Andika Prayudanti, Andreas Alvin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DEVELOPMENT OF AN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS) VIOLATION EARLY WARNING SYSTEM THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF CNN–YOLOV8–BASED SMART CAMERAS IN THE COMPANY XYZ
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a crucial aspect of industrial warehouse operations that involve high workplace risk, particularly regarding compliance with the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). This study aims to develop an early warning system for OHS violations through the integration of smart cameras based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and the You Only Look Once (YOLOv8) algorithm to automatically and real-time detect PPE non- compliance in the Company XYZ. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method, consisting of needs analysis, system design, program coding, testing, as well as system implementation and maintenance. The detection objects include compliant and non-compliant PPE classes (hardhat, mask, and safety vest) and neutral objects, namely persons, safety cones, vehicles, and machinery. Experimental results show a significant improvement in model performance, with precision increasing from approximately 0.6 to 0.9, recall from 0.3 to 0.7, mAP@0.5 from 0.3 to 0.8, and mAP@0.5–0.95 from 0.1 to 0.5 at the 100th epoch. These results indicate that the proposed system can reliably detect PPE violations under dynamic working conditions and support the formulation of measurable internal OHS regulations and sanction mechanisms.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maula Aringga Maghfur, Tranggono, Mega Cattleya Prameswari Annissa Islami https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF CELERY LEAF EXTRACT (APIUM GRAVEOLENS L.) ON TNF-Α, IL-6 AND MDA LEVELS IN HYPERPIGMENTED WISTAR RATS (RATTUS NOVERGIUS SP.)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of Celery leaf extract (Apium graveolens L.) on hyperpigmented Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus sp.) induced by Azidothymidine (AZT). Celery leaves are known to contain bioactive compounds which may serve as potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. About 30 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups, including a positive control, a negative control, and groups treated with various doses (1%, 3% and 5%) of celery leaf extract. The study examined inflammation indicators such as MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6. Celery leaf extract significantly (P<0.001) reduced MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in rats, demonstrating its capacity to attenuate inflammation and oxidative stress produced by AZT. With the increase in celery leaf extract concentration from 1% to 5%, MDA, IL-6 and TNF-α levels decreased from 42.083 ± 3.49 to 28.277 ± 10.27 nmol/ml, 14.588 ± 3.38 to 4.539 ± 1.40 nmol/ml and 667.614 ± 143.41 to 326.920 ± 62.72 nmol/ml respectively. Histopathological examinations demonstrated improvements in skin tissues damaged by inflammation. The results indicate that an ethanol extract of celery leaves has the potential to be an efficient anti-inflammatory drug, notably in lowering AZT-induced inflammation and hyperpigmentation. Further research is required to explore its clinical applicability in controlling inflammatory diseases in human.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dina R. Purba, Jekson M. Siahaan, Endy Juli Anto, Syafruddin Ilyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE POSITION OF IDDAH NAFKAH AS A WIFE'S RIGHT AS A RESULT OF DIVORCE REVIEWED FROM CIVIL LAW
Divorce has legal consequences for economic rights, one of which is the iddah maintenance. This study aims to analyze the legal status of iddah maintenance as a wife's right, evaluate its regulation and implementation, and identify its legal implications from a civil law perspective. Using a normative legal research method with a statute approach, this study found that civil law views iddah maintenance as an obligation arising from law. However, the effectiveness of its fulfillment is still hampered by weak enforcement mechanisms and low legal awareness of ex-husbands. The results of the study suggest protecting the subjective rights of wives through stronger civil law instruments, such as collateral seizure, in order to achieve distributive justice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Puteri Amanda, Rabiah Z Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EVALUATION OF THE FARMACARE POINT OF SALE (POS) SYSTEM ON THE NUMBER OF TRANSACTIONS, TRANSACTION VALUE, AND MONTHLY REVENUE OF A PRIVATE PHARMACY IN GIANYAR, BALI
The use of information technology in pharmacy management, such as Point of Sale (POS) systems, is part of digital transformation. Desktop-based POS applications are considered less up to date with the current needs of modern pharmacies; therefore, to improve efficiency, the pharmacy replaced the desktop-based POS with the web-based Farmacare POS system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Farmacare POS on the average number of transactions, the average transaction value, and monthly revenue in a private pharmacy in Gianyar, Bali. This research employed a quasi-experimental design using a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The data were obtained from pharmacy sales transaction reports for six months before and six months after the implementation of the Farmacare POS. Data analysis was conducted using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, followed by the Paired Sample T-Test and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed a significant increase in the average number of transactions (p = 0.028) and monthly revenue (p = 0.032) after the implementation of the Farmacare POS, while the average transaction value increased but was not statistically significant (p = 0.065). Descriptively, the average number of transactions increased by approximately 5%, the average transaction value increased by 10.6%, and monthly revenue increased by 14.5%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Farmacare POS system is able to improve the average number of transactions and monthly revenue, and thus can be regarded as an effective managerial support tool.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Made Krisnawan Putra, Titien Siwi Hartayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL PAYMENT, AND CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE ON PURCHASE DECISIONS MEDIATED BY IMPULSE PURCHASE BEHAVIOR IN FEB STUDENTS
This study aims to analyze the influence of digital payment and customer experience on purchasing decisions, with impulsive buying behavior as a mediating variable among students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Makassar State University. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires. The data analysis method used was SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach. The results showed that digital payment and customer experience significantly influenced impulsive buying behavior and purchase decisions. Furthermore, impulsive buying behavior also significantly influenced purchase decisions. The results of the mediation test demonstrated that impulsive buying behavior mediated the relationship between digital payment and purchase decisions, as well as between customer experience and purchase decisions. These findings suggest that the convenience of digital payment systems and a positive shopping experience can encourage impulsive purchases, ultimately strengthening students' purchase decisions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alifka Alya Zhafirah, Romansyah Sahabuddin, Tuti Supatminingsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF DELAY IN OPERATION, QUALITY OF SERVICE AND COMPETENCE OF HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL ON SURGERY PATIENT SATISFACTION IN ONE OF THE PRIVATE HOSPITALS IN BANDUNG CITY
Increasing competition among hospitals demands continuous improvement in service quality, including surgical services. Surgical delays remain an operational issue that may affect operating room efficiency, healthcare staff workload, and patients' psychological conditions. in one of the private Hospital In Bandung City, internal data indicated that surgical delays exceeding 30 minutes still occurred in 18–22% of cases during a three-month observation period. In addition to timeliness, service quality and healthcare personnel competence are also important factors in shaping surgical patient satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the effect of surgical service delays, service quality, and healthcare personnel competence on surgical patient satisfaction in one of the private Hospital In Bandung City, both partially and simultaneously. The research employed a quantitative approach with a survey design. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to patients who had undergone surgical procedures. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression, supported by validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, t-tests, F-tests, and coefficient of determination analysis. The results indicate that surgical delays have a negative and significant effect on patient satisfaction. Conversely, service quality and healthcare personnel competence have positive and significant effects on patient satisfaction. Simultaneously, all three independent variables significantly influence patient satisfaction. In conclusion, improving surgical timeliness, service quality, and healthcare personnel competence is essential to improving surgical patient satisfaction in one of the private Hospital In Bandung City.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irlan Karsa Gumilang, Haddan Dongoran, Rulia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ BASKETBALL LEARNING OUTCOMES
This study aimed to improve students’ basketball learning outcomes through the implementation of the Numbered Head Together (NHT) cooperative learning model in class X.3 of SMA Negeri 2 Denpasar. This research employed Classroom Action Research conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The research subjects were 42 students. Data were collected through observation and basketball learning achievement tests and analyzed using descriptive quantitative techniques. The results showed an improvement in students’ learning outcomes after the implementation of the NHT cooperative learning model. The initial average score was 68.5 with a learning mastery percentage of 26.19%. In Cycle I, the average score increased to 74.1 with 61.9% learning mastery, and in Cycle II it further increased to 78.6 with 85.7% learning mastery. These findings indicate that the NHT cooperative learning model is effective in improving basketball learning outcomes and promoting active student participation in the learning process.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kadek Oka Satrya Wibawa, I Gusti Lanang Agung Parwata, I Ketut Sudiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL EVIDENCE IN E-COMMERCE DISPUTE LITIGATION IN THE DIGITAL ERA
The development of digital commerce, while offering convenience and positive impacts, also has the potential to trigger legal disputes between related parties. In the litigation process of digital commerce, digitally presented evidence such as emails, instant messages, and electronic payment records becomes crucial in proving the truth of a legal event. This article specifically examines the effectiveness of electronic evidence in resolving digital trade disputes in Indonesia. Using a normative juridical approach, this study finds that although digital evidence is recognized under the Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE) Law, its implementation still faces several challenges in terms of validity and integrity. Therefore, strengthening regulations, increasing public awareness, and enhancing the capacity of competent law enforcement officials are essential to ensure justice and effectiveness in resolving digital commerce disputes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Febrina Artia Putri, Nabitatus Sa’adah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF GENDER DIVERSITY, PROFITABILITY, LEVERAGE, AND FIRM SIZE ON RISK-TAKING IN BANKING SECTOR COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE DURING THE 2019–2023 PERIOD
This study aims to determine the influence of Gender Diversity, Profitability, Leverage, and Firm Size on Risk-Taking in banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 - 2023. This research is associative, and the type of data used is secondary data obtained from financial statements and annual reports of companies published on the Indonesia Stock Exchange website (www.idx.co.id) and the respective companies' websites. The population of this study includes all banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 - 2023, totaling 39 companies. Based on predetermined criteria, the number of companies meeting the sample criteria is 27. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis of panel data with a Fixed Effect Model approach. The results of the study indicate that Gender Diversity has a positive and significant effect on Risk-Taking, Profitability has a positive and insignificant effect on Risk Taking, Leverage has a positive and significant effect on Risk Taking, and Firm Size has a negative and significant effect on Risk-Taking.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Kodri Fauzi Hasibuan, Rizqi Husnul Khoiri, Andy Mulia, Siti Nurrahmawati, Novitasari Hasyim, Suci Indah Syafitri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF THE PROPORTION OF SORGUM FLOUR (Sorghum bicolor) AND JACKFRUIT SEED FLOUR (Artocarpus heterophyllus) ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF CRISPY GLUTEN FREE BROWNIES
Crispy brownies are a popular bakery product innovation due to their crispy texture and distinctive taste. With the increasing interest in gluten-free foods, the use of local non-wheat raw materials such as sorghum flour (Sorghum bicolor) and jackfruit seed flour (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is important to develop as an alternative to wheat flour. Both ingredients have the potential to support the physicochemical and organoleptic quality of the product. This study aims to examine the effect of variations in the proportion of the two flours and determine the optimal formulation of gluten-free crispy brownies . The study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor , namely the difference in the concentration of the combination of sorghum flour and jackfruit seed flour. The treatment consisted of 5 levels, namely P1 (90 %: 10%), P2 (80%: 20%), P3 (70%: 30%), P4 (60%: 40%), and P5 (50%: 50%), each treatment was repeated 3 times. The parameters tested included water content, protein content, breaking strength test, and organoleptic tests (color, aroma, taste , texture). Data were analyzed using parametric statistics through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the help of SPSS 24 software. If there were significant differences between treatments, the analysis was continued using the Tuckey test . Organoleptic data with the hedonic test method based on the panelists' level of preference were tested with Kruskal Wallis. The results showed that variations in the proportion of the two flours did not have a significant effect ($p>0.05$) on all parameters tested, including water content, protein content, breaking strength, and organoleptic attributes (color, aroma, taste, and texture). All treatments had organoleptic characteristics in the "Neutral" category with an average score ranging from 3.44 to 3.98. Based on the effectiveness test, treatment P1 (90% sorghum flour: 10% jackfruit seed flour) was determined as the best formulation with the highest Yield Value (NH) of 0.738, which had a water content of 2.41%, a protein content of 7.38%, a breaking strength of 441.73 gf, and organoleptic scores of color 3.86, taste 3.84, aroma 3.78, and texture 3.98.
Copyright (c) 2026 Angelie Lavionda, Bambang Sigit Sucahyo, Retnani Rahmiati, Yuda Agustian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF LEADPRENEURSHIP AND COMPETENCE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE (SURVEY STUDY PT. JASA DAN KEPARIWISATAAN JAWA BARAT, TOUR AND TRAVEL UNIT)
PT. Jaswita Jabar, which is a Regionally-Owned Enterprise (BUMD) engaged in tourism, property and business services. PT. Jaswita Jabar has a vision to become the largest and most trusted property and tourism company in West Java in 2025. To achieve this vision, it is necessary to have a planned and structured business management so that PT. Jaswita Jabar is ready to compete in an increasingly competitive industrial world. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach, with descriptive and verification analysis. The research sample is employees in the PT. Jaswita Jabar environment. The results of the study using multiple linear regression analysis, obtained a regression equation model Y = a + 0.835X1 + 0.606X2, showing a positive direction coefficient, meaning that every change in leadpreneurship and competence will improve employee performance. While the results of the hypothesis test show a significant influence of leadpreneurship and competence on employee performance both partially and simultaneously, where the p-value.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andityo Wahyu Juniarsyah, Sri Rochani Mulyani, Kosasih, Farida Yuliaty, Vip Paramarta, Fitriana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF SMART CONTRACT IN DECENTRALIZED FINANCE (DEFI) FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF FIQH MUAMALAH AND MAQĀṢID AL-SHARĪ‘AH
The rapid development of blockchain technology has introduced smart contracts as automated digital agreements widely used in the Decentralized Finance (DeFi) ecosystem. These contracts operate without intermediaries and execute transactions based on algorithmic conditions, creating new legal and sharia implications. This study aims to analyze the validity of smart contracts as akad (contracts) within the framework of fiqh muamalah and to formulate regulatory needs based on maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah and positive law. This research uses normative juridical methods with statutory, conceptual, and sharia approaches by examining legal doctrines, regulations, and Islamic jurisprudence principles. The results show that smart contracts can qualify as valid akad if pillars and conditions of contract are fulfilled, including parties, consent, object, and lawful purpose, although digital consent and automated execution require interpretative expansion. From the maqāṣid perspective, smart contracts potentially support protection of wealth (ḥifẓ al-māl), transparency, and efficiency, but also pose gharar and risk if coding errors and regulatory gaps exist. Therefore, integrative regulation and sharia compliance standards are necessary to ensure legal certainty and maslahah in DeFi transactions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fanidio Muhammad Ariq Sugiarto, Dr. Nur Chanifah, S.Pd.I., M.Pd.I. , Dr. Siti Rohmah, S.H.I., M.H.I. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF RETURN ON ASSETS, CURRENT RATIO, AND DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO ON STOCK PRICES IN PROPERTY AND REAL ESTATE SECTOR COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE FOR THE PERIOD 2020–2024
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Return on Assets, Current Ratio, and Debt to Equity Ratio on stock prices in Property and Real Estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study uses secondary data in the form of companies’ financial statements for the 2022–2024 observation period. The sample consists of 10 companies selected from a total of 91 companies. The data analysis technique used in this study is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis with the assistance of SPSS version 25. The results show that Return on Assets has a positive and significant effect on stock prices, the Current Ratio has a positive and significant effect on stock prices, and the Debt to Equity Ratio has a negative and significant effect on stock prices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nabila Azmi, Wiliam, Florentia Jasmine, Asda Ria Sitorus, Nasib https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES IN WASTE MANAGEMENT IN NUNUKAN REGENCY
Waste is one of the environmental issues that continues to pose a significant challenge for various regions in Indonesia, including Nunukan Regency. This regency, located in North Kalimantan Province, has unique geographical and demographic characteristics, with an area of 14,493 km² and a continuously growing population. This creates significant pressure in managing the waste generated from domestic, industrial, and commercial activities. The waste problem not only impacts the environment but also public health and the sustainability of regional development. Therefore, an effective and sustainable waste management system has become an urgent need to be implemented in Nunukan Regency. This research aims to understand the actual conditions of waste management, identify the factors affecting the effectiveness of waste management, and formulate strategies to improve infrastructure and community participation in waste management. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with primary data obtained through in-depth interviews, observations, and focus group discussions, as well as secondary data from official documents. The research results show that Nunukan Regency still faces various challenges, such as limited infrastructure, low public awareness, and high volumes of plastic waste. To address this, a holistic approach involving the government, the community, and the private sector is needed, as well as the use of environmentally friendly technology and educational programs to raise public awareness. Thus, it is hoped that the waste management system in Nunukan Regency can become more effective and sustainable.
Copyright (c) 2026 Denny Indrawanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION AND WORK MOTIVATION IN ENHANCING NURSES’ ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR
This study aims to examine the influence of job satisfaction and work motivation on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) among nurses. Understanding factors that encourage extra-role behavior is essential in healthcare organizations where teamwork, cooperation, and voluntary contributions significantly affect service quality and organizational effectiveness. This research employed a quantitative approach using a census method involving all 63 nurses as the study population. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis to determine the relationships and effects among variables. The descriptive findings indicate that job satisfaction, work motivation, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among nurses are generally in the good category, reflecting positive perceptions toward the work environment and organizational conditions. The regression analysis reveals that both job satisfaction and work motivation positively influence Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Job satisfaction shows a positive effect with a standardized coefficient (β = 0.312), while work motivation demonstrates a stronger influence (β = 0.348), indicating that motivation is the most dominant factor in encouraging nurses to perform extra-role behaviors. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (R² = 0.710) indicates that 71.0% of the variation in Organizational Citizenship Behavior can be explained jointly by job satisfaction and work motivation, while the remaining 29.0% is influenced by other factors outside the research model. The findings suggest that improving job satisfaction and strengthening work motivation are crucial strategies for encouraging nurses to demonstrate voluntary behaviors that support teamwork and organizational performance. Therefore, healthcare management should continuously develop supportive organizational policies to enhance employee satisfaction and motivation in order to maintain high-quality healthcare services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Michael Sisko, Farida Yuliaty, Etty Sofia Mariati Asnar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE AND WORKLOAD ON JOB SATISFACTION OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS
This study aims to analyze the influence of work-life balance and workload on job satisfaction among healthcare workers in a hospital (Hospital X). The research uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample consists of 100 healthcare workers selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire measured using a Likert scale. The data analysis technique employed multiple linear regression analysis, preceded by classical assumption tests, including normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity tests. The results of the study indicate that all research instruments are valid and reliable. Furthermore, the findings show that work-life balance has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, while workload has a negative and significant effect on job satisfaction. Simultaneously, work-life balance and workload significantly influence job satisfaction. The coefficient of determination (R²) shows that 46.4% of job satisfaction can be explained by the independent variables, while the remaining 53.6% is influenced by other factors not examined in this study. In conclusion, improving work-life balance and managing workload effectively are essential strategies to enhance job satisfaction among healthcare workers, which ultimately contributes to better healthcare service quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ari Tri Utami, Kosasih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF WORKPLACE SPIRITUALITY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY ON HEALTHCARE WORKERS’ SERVICE INNOVATION
This study aims to analyze the effect of workplace spirituality and psychological safety on service innovation among healthcare workers using a literature review approach. The study is based on secondary data obtained from relevant scientific sources, including journals, books, and academic publications. The analysis focuses on identifying patterns, relationships, and key findings from previous studies related to workplace spirituality, psychological safety, and service innovation in healthcare settings. The results of the study indicate that workplace spirituality has a significant role in enhancing intrinsic motivation, meaningful work, and employee engagement, which contribute to the development of innovative behavior. Psychological safety is found to have a direct impact on service innovation by creating a work environment that encourages open communication, knowledge sharing, and risk-taking without fear of negative consequences. Both variables not only influence service innovation individually but also interact in a complementary manner. The combined effect of workplace spirituality and psychological safety creates a supportive work environment that strengthens creativity, collaboration, and continuous improvement. Healthcare workers who experience meaningful work and feel psychologically safe are more likely to generate, share, and implement innovative ideas in service delivery.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muranny Nurshyaliha Manurung, Kosasih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF CRISPY ALMOND PRODUCTS WITH PUMPKIN FLOUR SUBSTITUTION
Pumpkin flour has the potential to be used as a substitute for wheat flour due to its high fiber and micronutrient content. This study aims to analyze the effect of pumpkin flour substitution on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of almond crispy and to determine the best formulation. The study used a single-factor Completely Randomized Design with five substitution levels (0%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 70%) and three replications. The parameters observed included moisture content, ash content, fiber content, and organoleptic tests (color, taste, aroma, and texture). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Kruskal–Wallis test . The results showed that pumpkin flour substitution significantly affected fiber content and sensory attributes, but did not significantly affect moisture and ash content. Increasing the proportion of pumpkin flour increased fiber content but tended to decrease panelists' preference level. Based on the effectiveness test, the formulation with 70% pumpkin flour substitution produced the best combination of chemical and sensory qualities, so it has the potential to be developed as a high-fiber functional food product.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pamela Felita Tjendra, Yuyun Yuniati, Fadjar Kurnia Hartati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF AUTHORITARY PARENTING STYLES IN THE FAMILY ON THE SPEAKING ABILITY OF EARLY CHILDREN IN PAUD IN CIREUNGHAS DISTRICT
Language development, particularly vocabulary mastery and speaking skills, is an important aspect of early childhood growth and development. One factor influencing a child's language development is the parenting style applied within the family. This study aims to determine the speaking skills of early childhood and analyze the influence of authoritarian parenting styles in families on the development of vocabulary and speaking skills of early childhood in early childhood education (PAUD) in Cireunghas District. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method. The study population was 1,311 parents of early childhood children (4-6 years old) attending PAUD/TK in Cireunghas District, with a sample of 78 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using prerequisite tests and simple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the data were normally distributed and the relationship between variables was linear. The results of the simple linear regression test indicated that authoritarian parenting styles significantly influenced the development of vocabulary and speaking skills of early childhood. This finding suggests that the higher the implementation of authoritarian parenting styles in the family, the greater the potential for inhibiting the development of vocabulary and speaking skills of children. Therefore, a more communicative and dialogical parenting pattern needs to be developed by parents to optimally support the language development of early childhood.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lia Shofia, Elnawati, Redi Awal Maulana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF ESG DISCLOSURE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND FIRM VALUE IN ENERGY SECTOR COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE
This study examines the influence of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure on firm performance within the energy sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) over the period 2020–2024. The primary objective is to evaluate the effect of ESG disclosure, measured using indicators based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards, on three key financial performance metrics: Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Tobin’s Q. Adopting a quantitative approach with a causal-associative research design, the study utilizes secondary data derived from annual and sustainability reports of 18 energy companies that consistently disclosed ESG information over five consecutive years, resulting in 90 firm-year observations. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the support of SPSS version 25. The findings indicate that ESG disclosure has a statistically significant positive effect on ROE, whereas its impact on ROA and Tobin’s Q is not significant. These results imply that ESG disclosure may enhance shareholder returns but does not substantially influence operational efficiency or market valuation. The study suggests that companies should improve the quality and substance of ESG disclosures, and recommends that future research incorporate moderating or mediating variables to better capture the dynamics between ESG practices and firm performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rosidawaty, Andika Mugi Gumilang, Tanti Septiani, Ingkak Chintya Wangsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN THE WORKPLACE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
This study aims to map empirical findings on employee engagement as a dependent variable in workplace contexts using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Literature searches were conducted across three academic databases: Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Garuda Ristekdikti, covering publications from 2020 to 2025. Article selection followed PRISMA guidelines, with inclusion criteria comprising quantitative studies, workplace-focused contexts, employee engagement as the dependent variable, and full-text accessibility in Indonesian or English. Out of 395,874 identified records, 24 articles met all inclusion criteria and were further analyzed. Findings were synthesized using meta-analytic techniques where applicable and complemented by narrative synthesis to interpret heterogeneous results. The review indicates that organizational factors such as leadership styles, human resource management practices, perceived organizational support, quality of work life, and workplace environment have a significant effect on employee engagement. Individual and contextual factors, including workplace spirituality and employee well-being, also have an effect on enhancing engagement. This review highlights research gaps, particularly the limited evidence from Indonesian MSMEs and the underexplored role of several predictors, thereby offering directions for future research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lilia Demupa, Yunita Faela Nisa, Abdul Mujib https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF MANGROVE COVER 1985-2025 BASED ON GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS IN REMBANG
Mangroves are coastal vegetation that lives in tidal zones, providing ecosystem services such as biota habitats, abrasion barriers, breakbreaks, and significant carbon sequestration for climate change mitigation. However, the mangrove ecosystem in Indonesia, including in Rembang District, which includes Pasarbanggi, Tireman, and Kabongan Lor Villages, has been degraded due to land conversion into ponds, logging, and reclamation. This study aims to analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics of mangrove cover in 1985-2025 in Rembang District using MVI based on Landsat 5 (1985, 1995), Landsat 7 (2005), and Sentinel-2A (2016, 2025) satellite imagery. The analysis was carried out with a composite of NIR, Green, and SWIR Bands, digitization, cropping, cover classification, and analysis of mangrove cover changes. The results of the study show that the area of mangrove cover has experienced very significant fluctuations. The period 1985–2005 was dominated by heavy degradation (-67.93%), while the period 2005–2025 recorded a very strong recovery of mangrove ecosystems (+339.56%), with the high cover class increasing from 17.39 ha to 27.40 ha. The success of rehabilitation and reduced land conversion have succeeded in restoring the area of mangrove forests while improving the quality of mangroves in Rembang District. Keywords: Spatio-temporal dynamics, Rembang, Mangrove, MVI, Remote Sensing
Copyright (c) 2026 Sabna Suryaningtias, Jafron Wasiq Hidayat, Muhammad Helmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MEDIATION OF HOUSEHOLD CONFLICT IN THE KUA PAHANDUT PALANGKA RAYA
This study aims to examine the resolution of domestic conflicts as an important alternative in reducing the divorce rate through non-litigation carried out by officers of the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) in an effort to reconcile the disharmony of households in society. The focus of the research problem is 2 things: 1) How is the practice of mediation in resolving domestic conflicts in the KUA of Pahandut District, Palangka Raya City?, and How is the effectiveness of resolving domestic conflicts in the KUA of Pahandut District, Palangka Raya City?. The research method used is juridical-empirical with a socio-legal approach through analysis of laws and regulations, Islamic legal concepts, and empirical data obtained from interviews, observations, and documentation at the KUA of Pahandut District. The results of the study show; 1) The practice of mediation in resolving domestic conflicts in the KUA of Pahandut District, Palangka Raya has a strategic role in resolving non-litigation conflicts, because it is preventive and has Islamic values, with the concept of iṣlāḥ . In the implementation of mediation, it is carried out through deliberation and providing advice with a persuasive approach to the disputing husband and wife so that it can be resolved openly with good intentions so that peace and harmony can be achieved again. 2) The effectiveness of resolving household conflicts at the KUA Pahandut District Palangka Raya is still hampered by high emotions, the involvement of third parties, weak commitment to reconciliation, and limited authority and resources of mediators to reconcile disputing couples, so it is necessary to strengthen the capacity of mediators, optimize the role of BP4 to participate in mediator training as an important step to strengthen the mediation function of the Office of Religious Affairs as an instrument for preventing divorce in line with the objectives of Islamic family law.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vichi Novalia, Sadiani, Sabarudin Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF THE USE OF BIG BOOK MEDIA ON THE INITIAL READING ABILITY OF GRADE 1 STUDENTS SDN SITIMULYO 01 PATI
This study aims to determine the influence of the use of Big Book media on the initial reading ability of grade I students of SDN Sitimulyo 01 Pati. This study uses a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design through a one-group pretest–posttest model. The subject of the study is a grade I student of SDN Sitimulyo 01 Pati. The data collection technique was carried out through initial reading ability tests before and after treatment. The data obtained was analyzed using the help of the SPSS program, including descriptive statistical analysis, normality test, and Paired Sample t-Test. The results of the study showed that there was an increase in students' initial reading ability after using Big Book media. The average score of students' initial reading ability increased from 51.92 in the pretest to 88.46 in the posttest. The results of the hypothesis test showed a significance value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), so it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of the use of Big Book media on students' initial reading ability. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that Big Book media is effectively used as a learning medium to improve the initial reading ability of elementary school students. Keywords: Big Book media, reading beginnings, elementary school
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Mansur, Ervina Eka Subekti, Kartinah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DO AI AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT ACCOUNTING EFFICIENCY?
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption, information technology, and employee competence on accounting efficiency, as well as assess the role of organizational readiness as a moderating variable. A quantitative survey was administered to 150 accounting practitioners, and the resulting data were examined using SEM-PLS techniques. The findings indicate that information technology and employee competence significantly affect accounting efficiency, whereas AI adoption and organizational readiness do not show significant influence, including in their moderating effects. These results suggest that accounting efficiency is primarily driven by employee capabilities and information technology. The study concludes that strengthening IT systems and enhancing employee competencies are essential. The implications highlight the need for more targeted AI implementation strategies and continuous human resource development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Linda, Khomsiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL-BASED LEARNING IN IMPROVING UNDERSTANDING OF ISLAMIC TEACHINGS
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Islamic boarding school-based learning in improving the understanding of Islamic teachings among students (students). This qualitative research was conducted using a case study approach in one Islamic boarding school. The research sample consisted of 20 students who had participated in the Islamic boarding school-based learning program for 6 months. The results of the study indicate that Islamic boarding school-based learning is effective in improving the understanding of Islamic teachings among students. Students who participated in the Islamic boarding school-based learning program showed a significant increase in their understanding of Islamic teachings, especially in terms of understanding the principles of Islamic teachings and being able to apply Islamic teachings in their daily lives. In addition, the study also found that factors influencing the effectiveness of Islamic boarding school-based learning include the quality of the teachers, the students' motivation, and support from family and community. The conclusion of this study is that Islamic boarding school-based learning can be an effective alternative in improving the understanding of Islamic teachings among students. Therefore, the government and educational institutions need to prioritize Islamic boarding school-based learning to improve the quality of religious education in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Jauhari, Moh. Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
REGIONAL INCLUSIVE GROWTH IN THE REBANA METROPOLITAN AREA: A SECTORAL AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS PERSPECTIVE
This study provides an original contribution by integrating multiple regional economic analysis tools to examine sectoral linkages and inclusive growth dynamics in the Rebana Metropolitan Area, a newly designated growth center in West Java. The research aims to identify base, prospective, and competitive sectors and to assess their implications for inclusive and balanced regional economic development. Using quantitative analysis of GRDP data from 2020–2023, the study applies Location Quotient, Dynamic Location Quotient, Klassen Typology, and shift-share analysis. The empirical results indicate that the manufacturing sector is simultaneously a base, prospective, and highly competitive sector, making it the main driver of economic growth in the Rebana Region. In contrast, other base sectors do not consistently show strong future prospects, while several supporting and service sectors demonstrate positive competitive dynamics, suggesting emerging economic diversification. These findings imply the need for an integrated development strategy that strengthens intersectoral and interregional linkages, upgrades socially important but less prospective sectors, and promotes a more equitable distribution of development benefits to support inclusive and sustainable economic transformation in West Java.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andis Destrian Irianto, Mega Tri Wulandari, Fauzan Isya Duri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPROVING SALES FORECAST ACCURACY USING LEAN SIX SIGMA: A CASE STUDY IN THE FMCG INDUSTRY
Sales forecasting accuracy is crucial for operational efficiency, inventory optimization, and service reliability in commodity and logistics industries. ABC Company faces persistent challenges in achieving reliable forecasts, leading to frequent rescheduling, shipment adjustments, and cross-functional misalignment. This research aims to identify the major factors affecting forecast accuracy at ABC Company, develop solutions to address root causes, and determine the most appropriate forecasting approach. Using the Lean Six Sigma DMAIC framework, it analyzes historical data (Jan 2024-Dec 2025) with MAPE, Forecast Bias, and RMSE metrics. Qualitative data from stakeholder interviews reveal primary drivers: weak forecasting governance, insufficient integration of execution feasibility, lack of stable forecasts, and unstructured expert judgement. The study proposes a four-stream improvement framework focusing on forecast governance stabilization, feasibility integration, quantitative forecast improvement, and structured expert judgement integration via Expert Knowledge Elicitation. A control mechanism with SOPs, RACI, KPI monitoring, and regular reviews ensures sustainable improvement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syafiqri Alfarizki, Gatot Yudoko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
OPTIMIZING SOCIAL MEDIA-BASED GREEN MARKETING STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF SARIAYU MARTHA TILAAR
This study will investigate the application of green marketing strategies via social media to improve the engagement of the customers of the Generation Z by taking Sariayu Martha Tilaar as a case study. Over the last few years the rapid adoption of digitalization in the Indonesian beauty industry has rendered the involvement in the social media a deciding factor in the competitiveness of the brands, especially among younger customers who place a strong value on authenticity, sustainability, and the speed of digital engagement. Although Sariayu has a high institutional credibility, a long history, and adherence to natural and ethical beauty, the brand has very poor results in digital performance. The theoretical model combines the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Stimulus-Organism-Response model and assumes that the Attitude Towards Engagement and Subjective Norms represent the variables. The quantitative approach is adopted with the help of the PLS-SEM and primary data would be gathered with 217 Gen Z and Millennial respondents. Such a methodological approach provides an opportunity to assess direct and indirect connections and determine whether social media marketing, online marketing, brand ambassadors, and brand community affect attitudes and subjective norms and whether these organism variables in turn prompt the engagement behavior. The empirical results demonstrate that there is Engagement Paradox. Even though the general model has a significant propensity to predict customer engagement, the psychological processes assumed to mediate the interrelationship do not take place. The engagement attitude and subjective norms do show a weak explanatory power and neither shows a significant effect in predicting engagement behavior. Some of the digital stimuli do not have a significant impact on the mediating variables as well. Interestingly, the brand community variable has a negative influence on the attitudes, which indicates the potential content fatigue or the sense of a lack of genuineness in the ongoing community-building efforts of Sariayu.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sekar Soraya Maheswari, Atik Aprianingsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF DIGITAL LITERACY, ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT, AND DIGITAL READINESS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HEALTH WORKERS AT COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS IN BATAM CITY
Digital transformation has significantly reshaped primary healthcare services, requiring healthcare professionals to enhance their digital competencies and adaptability. This study aims to analyze the effect of digital literacy, organizational support, and digital readiness on the performance of healthcare workers at community health centers in Batam City, Indonesia. A quantitative approach was employed using a sample of 285 respondents selected from a population of 962 healthcare workers through proportional random sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS. The findings indicate that digital literacy, organizational support, and digital readiness each have a positive and significant effect on healthcare worker performance, both partially and simultaneously (F = 100.770; p < 0.001). Among the three variables, digital literacy demonstrates the most dominant influence (B = 0.357; p < 0.001), followed by organizational support (B = 0.355; p < 0.001) and digital readiness (B = 0.295; p < 0.001). These results confirm that performance improvement in primary healthcare settings requires not only individual digital competence but also supportive organizational systems and readiness for change. The study contributes empirically to digital-based human resource management in primary healthcare and emphasizes that digital transformation depends fundamentally on comprehensive human and organizational readiness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Fatmawati, Mira Yona, Habibuddin Nasution, Rika Yuanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DEVELOPMENT AND EXPERT VALIDATION OF A PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING ACCOUNTING E-MODULE INTEGRATED WITH GAMIFICATION
This study aims to develop a gamification-integrated Problem Based Learning (PBL) e-module based on Moodle and to examine its feasibility as instructional material for eleventh-grade accounting students at vocational high school. The study was motivated by the low level of students’ critical thinking skills and learning outcomes, particularly in recording trading company transactions, which are still dominated by conventional teaching approaches. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, consisting of the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects were eleventh-grade accounting students at SMK Negeri 1 Patumbak in the 2025/2026 academic year. Data were collected through expert validation involving material experts, media experts, and instructional design experts, as well as product trials including individual testing, small group testing, and large group testing. The results indicate that the gamification-integrated PBL e-module is feasible for use in accounting learning. Material expert validation obtained an average score of 3.9 (78%) categorized as valid, media expert validation obtained a score of 4.15 (83%) categorized as very valid, and instructional design expert validation obtained a score of 4.11 (82%) categorized as very valid. The individual trial resulted in a feasibility percentage of 80% (valid), the small group trial achieved 83% (very valid), and the large group trial reached 93% (very valid). Overall, the e-module achieved an average feasibility score of 83%, categorized as very valid. These findings indicate that the developed e-module meets feasibility criteria in terms of content, media, and instructional design, and has strong potential to support interactive, contextual, and student-centered accounting learning. Keywords: e-module, problem based learning, gamification, Moodle, vocational accounting education
Copyright (c) 2026 Herdiana Br Sitompul, Saidun Hutasuhut, Muhammad Bukhori Dalimunthe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE LEGAL POSITION OF A PERPETRATOR WITNESS (JUSTICE COLLABORATOR) IN THE CRIMINAL OFFENSE OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING (TPPO) RELATED TO SEXUAL VIOLENCE UNDER THE LAW ON SEXUAL VIOLENCE CRIMES (UU TPKS)
Human Trafficking (TPPO) related to sexual violence is an extraordinary crime that is organized, has widespread impact, and causes physical suffering, psychological suffering, and economic loss for victims. In law enforcement practice, law enforcement, and uncovering human trafficking (TPPO) networks often requires the role of witnesses (justice collaborators) to uncover the involvement of the main perpetrators. Normatively, the regulation of justice collaborators in Indonesia is regulated by Law Number 31 of 2014 concerning Witness and Victim Protection and is strengthened by Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 4 of 2011. However, Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Sexual Violence (UU TPKS) does not explicitly regulate the mechanisms, criteria, and implications of granting justice collaborator status in sexual violence cases, including those related to TPPO. This normative vacuum has the potential to lead to inconsistent decisions, legal uncertainty, and an imbalance between the interests of proof and victim protection. This research uses a normative juridical method with a statutory, conceptual, and case study approach. The analysis was conducted on the regulation of justice collaborator in the Indonesian criminal law system, the position of witnesses and perpetrators in human trafficking cases based on sexual violence according to the TPKS Law, and its implications for the principles of justice and victim protection. The results of the study indicate that the regulation of justice collaborator is still general and has not been comprehensively integrated with the TPKS legal regime. As a result, the granting of this status is highly dependent on the discretion of law enforcement officials and judges. From the perspective of criminal law policy and due process of law, the granting of justice collaborator status must still guarantee the principles of proportionality, accountability, and protection of victims' rights, including the right to restitution and victim recovery. Therefore, it is necessary to harmonize regulations between the Witness and Victim Protection Law and the TPKS Law, as well as the formulation of clear technical guidelines regarding the procedures, criteria, and limitations for granting justice collaborator status in human trafficking cases based on sexual violence. This approach is important to strengthen the integrity of the criminal justice system while ensuring that victim protection and recovery remain the primary orientation in law enforcement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mochamad Galih, Yusep Mulyana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF RELIABILITY AND EMPATHY ON PATIENT SATISFACTION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON PATIENT TRUST (Study at Melati Hospital, Sungai Penuh City, Jambi Province)
Service quality is an important factor in increasing patient satisfaction and building trust in healthcare institutions. This study aims to analyze the influence of reliability and empathy on patient satisfaction and their implications for patient trust at Melati Hospital in Sungai Penuh City, Jambi Province. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a survey method. The study sample consisted of 92 inpatient respondents selected using a probability sampling technique with the Slovin formula. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using path analysis. The results showed that reliability and empathy have a positive and significant effect on patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction was also proven to have a significant effect on patient trust. In addition, reliability and empathy have a direct effect on patient trust. The results of the Sobel test indicate that patient satisfaction is able to mediate the influence of reliability and empathy on patient trust. The research model shows a coefficient of determination value of 0.811, meaning that 81.1% of the variation in patient trust can be explained by the variables of reliability, empathy, and patient satisfaction. These findings confirm that improving service quality through the dimensions of reliability and empathy can increase satisfaction and strengthen patient trust in hospitals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maulana, Dr. Taufik Zulfikar, S.E., M.M, Dr. Ayu Laili Rahmiyati, S.KM., M.M, Dr. Taufan Nugroho, Sp.And., MMRS, Dr. Haddan Dongoran, S.E., M.Si, Assoc. Prof. Dr. VIP Paramarta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT GOVERNANCE IN THE ACCREDITATION POLICY OF MEDAN CITY AIR FORCE HOSPITAL
Hospital management, leadership, and governance have an important role in ensuring the successful implementation of hospital accreditation policies. This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership and management governance on the implementation of accreditation policies at the Medan City Air Force Hospital. This study uses a mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory design, in which quantitative research is conducted first, followed by qualitative analysis to deepen the research findings. The quantitative sample comprised 80 health workers and managerial staff, selected using the total sampling technique. At the same time, qualitative data were obtained through purposive sampling involving five key informants: the hospital head, the hospital secretary, and the head of the installation. Data were collected through structured questionnaires with a Likert scale, in-depth interviews, observations, and document review. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results showed that leadership had a significant effect on the implementation of hospital accreditation policies (β = 0.228; p < 0.05). Management governance also exerted a significant influence on the implementation of accreditation policies (β = 0.716; p < 0.05). These findings show that effective leadership and good management governance are important factors in strengthening the hospital's quality management system and ensuring the sustainability of accreditation implementation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lisa Yunita Marnas, Ermi Girsang, Sri Lestari Ramadhani Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF BRAND IMAGE AND BRAND TRUST ON BRAND LOYALTY AMONG VIVO SMARTPHONE USERS IN CIREBON
This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of brand image and brand trust on brand loyalty among VIVO smartphone users in Cirebon. This research used quantitative research. The sample size was 170 respondents. The data analysis method used was multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of the t-test, it can be concluded that brand image has a significant effect on brand loyalty, with a calculated t-value of 9.749 > t-table 1.974 and a significant value of 0.000 <0.05. Brand trust has a significant effect on brand loyalty, with a calculated t-value of 12,350 > t-table 1.974 and a significant value of 0.000 <0.05. Based on the results of the F hypothesis test, it can be concluded that simultaneously/together, brand image and brand trust have a significant effect on brand loyalty with an F-value of 121.589 > ttable 3.05 and a significant value of 0.000 <0.05. Based on the coefficient of determination analysis, the coefficient of determination or Adjusted R-Square value was obtained at 0.588 or 58.8% brand image and brand trust have an effect on brand loyalty, while 11.2% is the influence of other variables not included in this study.
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Sarudin, Muhammad Santoso, Soesanty Maulany https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STRENGTHENING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH REWARDS AND PUNISHMENT
This study examines the influence of reward and punishment on employee performance at CV Auto Nusa Abadi Kupang. A quantitative approach was applied using a survey method. The research population consisted of 68 employees, all of whom were included as respondents through a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed through multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software. The results reveal that rewards have a positive and statistically significant effect on employee performance. Punishment also shows a positive and significant impact on performance. Simultaneously, reward and punishment jointly influence employee performance. These findings indicate that the fair and consistent application of reward and punishment systems can effectively enhance employee performance. Therefore, organizations are encouraged to develop and strengthen reward and punishment policies to achieve better work outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Markus Londong, Frans Gana, Ricky Ekaputra Foeh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEGAL REVIEW OF ADDITIONAL CRIMINAL SANCTIONS IN DECISION NUMBER 17/PID.SUS-TPK/2023/PN PLK
Decision Number 17/Pid.Sus-TPK/2023/PN Plk, handed down by the Palangka Raya Corruption Court against defendants Ben Brahim S. Bahat, former Regent of Kapuas, and Ary Egahni, member of the Indonesian House of Representatives, is an example of the application of additional penalties in corruption cases. The judge not only imposed the principal penalty of imprisonment and a fine, but also additional penalties in the form of a replacement payment of Rp8.8 billion and revocation of political rights to be elected to public office for five years after completing the sentence. This study aims to analyze the judge's considerations in imposing these additional penalties using normative, philosophical, and sociological approaches, and in relation to applicable criminal theories in Indonesia. The results of the analysis indicate that the additional penalty of replacement money was imposed based on Article 18 of the Corruption Law and Supreme Court Regulation Number 5 of 2014, with the consideration of returning state losses proportionally. Meanwhile, the revocation of political rights is based on Article 35 of the Criminal Code and the Constitutional Court Decision which confirms the constitutionality of the revocation of political rights of corruption perpetrators. From a sentencing theory perspective, the judge balanced the objectives of retributive, deterrence, and corrective justice. This decision demonstrates that the court not only upholds the law but also safeguards the integrity of democracy and rebuilds public trust in anti-corruption efforts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Theresia, Rico Septian Noor, Rizki Setyobowo Sangalang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES OF SCHOOL PRINCIPALS IN IMPROVING TEACHER DISCIPLINE AT SD NEGERI 2 WAKAN, WAKAN VILLAGE, JEROWARU DISTRICT, EAST LOMBOK REGENCY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA.
This study aims to analyze the leadership challenges faced by school principals in improving teacher discipline at SD Negeri 2 Wakan, Jerowaru District, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, and to identify the strategies implemented and their impact on teacher discipline. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving the school principal, teachers, and relevant stakeholders as informants. The findings revealed that the principal faced internal challenges, including uneven discipline awareness and fluctuating teacher motivation, as well as external challenges such as the distance between teachers’ residences and the school, environmental factors, and the need to strengthen the school discipline culture. To address these challenges, the principal implemented leadership strategies including exemplary leadership, participatory approaches, open communication, professional development, and direct supervision. Exemplary leadership was found to be the most effective strategy in improving teacher discipline. The implementation of these strategies resulted in improved teacher discipline and professionalism, the development of a positive school discipline culture, increased student discipline and learning motivation, and enhanced community trust in the school. This study highlights the critical role of school leadership in improving teacher discipline and educational quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pashurrahman, Meilina Bustari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EXPLORATION OF BURNOUT PHENOMENA AND COPING STRATEGIES FOR WORK-RELATED STRESS AMONG GENERATION Z
This study aims to explore the phenomenon of burnout and coping strategies in dealing with work stress among Generation Z (Gen Z) during the high season. This phenomenon arises due to the increasing workload, multiple tasks, and excessive working hours experienced by Gen Z workers. With the unique characteristics of Gen Z such as the need for work-life balance and sensitivity to mental health, this can trigger burnout. The study used a qualitative approach with an exploratory design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with Gen Z workers, coworkers, and management, and supported by operational documentation. The results showed that work stress was triggered by organizational factors, such as increasing task demands, dual roles, time pressure, limited organizational structure, and interpersonal relationship dynamics. Continuous stressful conditions can lead to burnout, which is characterized by physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion, as well as low self-achievement. To deal with this pressure, Gen Z workers apply coping strategies such as social support, self-healing, and self- evaluation. These findings underscore the importance of organizations' role in creating a supportive and adaptive work environment to Gen Z characteristics to prevent work stress and burnout, particularly in the small to medium-scale tourism sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Putu Shintania Pramesti, Luh Putu Mahyuni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
REDUCING DEFORESTATION THROUGH OPTIMIZATION OF NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS: A SOLUTIONAL APPROACH TO ACHIEVE CARBON EMISSION REDUCTION TARGET
Deforestation remains a critical environmental issue, contributing to biodiversity loss and increased carbon emissions, particularly in tropical forests. This study aims to explore how the optimization of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) can reduce deforestation and support carbon emission mitigation targets. Using a library-based research method, data were collected from primary and secondary sources, including books, scientific journals, reports, and case studies related to NTFPs, deforestation reduction, and carbon management. Content analysis was employed to identify patterns, relationships, and insights across the literature. Findings indicate that sustainable NTFP utilization provides alternative livelihoods, encourages community participation in forest management, preserves forest cover, and maintains carbon stocks. NTFPs demonstrate the potential to harmonize ecological conservation with socio-economic development, provided that supportive policies, governance frameworks, and monitoring mechanisms are implemented. The study concludes that integrating NTFPs into forest management strategies offers a practical, scalable solution for achieving both deforestation reduction and carbon emission mitigation objectives.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lydia Riekie Parera, Jusmy D. Putuhena, Renny Purnawati, Zeth Parinding https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTAL ATTACHMENT AND INDEPENDENCE IN MIGRANT ADOLESCENTS: A STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITAS PRIMA INDONESIA
Parental attachment is one of the key factors influencing the development of adolescent independence, particularly among adolescents who live away from their families. This study aims to examine the relationship between parental attachment and independence among adolescents living away from home in the Faculty of Psychology. The respondents in this study were adolescents aged 17–21 years who lived apart from their parents. The research sample consisted of 233 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment correlation test, which yielded a correlation coefficient of r = 0.266 with p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). The results indicate a positive and significant relationship between parental attachment and independence among adolescents living away from home. This means that the higher the level of parental attachment perceived by adolescents, the higher their level of independence, and vice versa. These findings can serve as a basis for designing emotional support programs for adolescents living away from home to enhance independence through strengthening parent–child relationships.
Copyright (c) 2026 Katherine, Nabila Nur Irslan, Audrey Griselda, Angel, Achmad Irvan Dwi Putra, Winida Marpaung https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CROSS-ISLAND EDUCATION GOVERNANCE CONFIGURATION: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG BUREAUCRACY, DECENTRALIZATION, AND NETWORKS IN THE COORDINATION OF CENTRAL, REGIONAL, AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Cross-island education management requires adaptive bureaucratic relations through a decentralization mechanism, enabling the central government, regional governments, and educational units to share roles effectively based on geographical context and local needs. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the configuration of scientific knowledge regarding bureaucratic relations, decentralization, and networks in cross-government educational coordination through a bibliometric approach based on Scopus publication data. The method used is a literature review using bibliometric analysis of scientific publication data sourced from the Scopus database, with the following criteria: publications between 2021 and 2025, Subject area: social science, document type: article, publication stage: final, country: Indonesia, source type: journal, and English language. The results of the study found that (1) the topic that has been widely carried out related to cross-island education governance is about Higher Education; (2) research related to cross-island education governance has shifted towards artificial intelligence and project-based learning topics; (3) topics that have been frequently carried out related to cross-island education governance currently are topics related to Higher Education and Digital Literacy; and (4) further research topics needed to enrich studies on educational governance are on Project-Based Learning. In general, this research contributes to mapping the direction of development of studies on cross-island educational governance. It emphasizes the importance of integrating bureaucratic relations, policy decentralization, and collaborative networks to enhance coordination among the central government, regional governments, and educational units.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rudolf Kempa, Paul Arjanto, Arsyil Waritsman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS AND HEALTHCARE WORKERS’ DIGITAL COMPETENCE ON THE EFFICIENCY OF HOSPITAL SERVICES
This study aims to analyze the influence of Artificial Intelligence in diagnostic systems and the digital competence of healthcare workers on hospital service efficiency. The research employs a quantitative approach with an explanatory design to examine the causal relationships between variables. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to healthcare workers, including doctors, nurses, and administrative staff. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, applying validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that Artificial Intelligence in diagnostic systems has a positive and significant effect on hospital service efficiency. Similarly, the digital competence of healthcare workers also has a positive and significant influence on service efficiency. The simultaneous test (F-test) indicates that both variables jointly have a significant effect on hospital service efficiency. The coefficient of determination (R²) reveals that a substantial proportion of service efficiency can be explained by these two variables, while the remaining variance is influenced by other factors not examined in this study. These findings highlight that the integration of advanced technologies and the enhancement of human resource capabilities are essential in improving hospital service performance. The study suggests that hospitals should invest in the development of Artificial Intelligence systems as well as continuous training programs to strengthen the digital competence of healthcare workers. Such efforts are expected to support the achievement of efficient, effective, and high-quality healthcare services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Astri Hindarti, Kosasih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE, PROFITABILITY AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON TAX AVOIDANCE AND ITS IMPACT ON COMPANY VALUE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF PUBLIC COMPANIES IN INDONESIA, MALAYSIA AND THE PHILIPPINES
This study discusses the impact of capital structure, especially profitability, on tax avoidance practices in companies and the role of corporate governance in controlling these practices. The problem raised is how debt as source financing provides incentives for tax shield benefits that encourage companies to manage taxes aggressively to increase the Company's Value. The content of the study highlights the relationship between corporate profitability and tax management motivation, as well as the importance of strong governance mechanisms as a control of excessive tax avoidance so as not to reduce investor confidence and the company's market value. The research method uses a comparative approach between countries with a sample of companies in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, which have different tax governance and regulatory characteristics. The results show that Indonesia tends to experience more aggressive tax avoidance due to evolving supervision, Malaysia implements more transparent governance and taxation so that tax avoidance is more controlled, while Thailand occupies a moderate position with improved governance that has begun to be implemented. In conclusion, the success of tax avoidance management does not only depend on capital structure and profitability, but is highly determined by the quality of corporate governance and supervision in each country. Increased transparency and consistent regulation are essential to create an optimal balance between tax efficiency and the continuity of a Company's operations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maharani Dewi, Rio Johan Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF CASHEW NUT PUREE ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SOY MILK ICE CREAM FOR LACTOSE INTOLERANCE SUFFERERS
Soy milk ice cream is an alternative food product for those with lactose intolerance who cannot consume cow's milk. The addition of cashew nut puree increases the fat content and improves the texture of the ice cream, making it smoother and creamier. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in cashew nut puree concentration on the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of soy milk ice cream. This study used a laboratory experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor consisting of four treatment levels, namely the addition of cashew nut puree of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, each with three replications . The parameters observed included physicochemical properties consisting of protein, fat, overrun, melting speed, total solids, and organoleptic tests (color, aroma, taste, and texture). The results showed that the addition of cashew nut puree had a significant effect (p <0.05) on the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of soy milk ice cream. The treatment with the addition of 30% cashew nut puree showed the highest values in protein, fat, and total solids levels, and produced a slower melting speed and a higher level of sensory acceptance compared to other treatments. Although the highest overrun value was obtained in the treatment with the addition of 20% cashew nut puree, increasing the concentration of cashew nut puree to 30% generally resulted in an increase in the physicochemical quality and organoleptic characteristics of non-dairy soy milk ice cream.
Copyright (c) 2026 Audry Azzahra Ikhsan, Kejora Handarini, Retnani Rahmiati, Dewi Mariyanah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A USER-ORIENTED CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR ELECTRIC BUS ADOPTION IN INDONESIA URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Electric buses are increasingly promoted as a sustainable public transportation solution in Indonesia's urban areas, yet their adoption rate from the user perspective remains relatively limited. This study aims to develop a user-oriented conceptual framework to explain the adoption process of electric bus services within Indonesia's urban public transportation system. The study employs a systematic literature review approach following PRISMA guidelines, analysing scientific articles published from 2015 to 2025, with a total of 30 studies examined in depth. Through content analysis, 13 main constructs were identified that integrate behavioral, psychological, technology acceptance, service attribute, and risk perception dimensions, based on the Technology Acceptance Model and the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Based on this synthesis, this study proposes a process-based conceptual framework that maps the stages of electric bus adoption, from evaluating service attributes to actual usage. To strengthen its empirical applicability, the constructs were operationalized into measurable questionnaire indicators adapted from prior studies and supported through expert review and pilot testing with electric bus users. This framework is positioned as an exploratory model to support the identification of factor structures and serve as a basis for empirical Research and the formulation of sustainable public transportation policies in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Resia Atsiila, Wahyudi Sutopo, Yuniaristanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TECHNOLOGY-BASED POPULATION ADMINISTRATION SERVICE INNOVATION: AN ANALYSIS OF IMPLEMENTATION AND CHALLENGES IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
Public service innovation through technology adoption has become imperative for local governments in Indonesia. This study examines the implementation of a self-service kiosk technology for population administration services in Jepara Regency, Central Java. Using qualitative methods with interviews and document analysis, this research evaluates implementation effectiveness through five key dimensions: policy content appropriateness, implementer suitability, target precision, environmental compatibility, and process adequacy. Findings reveal that while the innovation successfully addresses long queuing issues and improves service efficiency, significant challenges persist including limited infrastructure readiness in remote areas, digital literacy gaps among citizens, and incomplete standard operating procedures for support staff. The study demonstrates that technology-driven public service innovations require comprehensive planning beyond procurement, including human resource development, infrastructure support, and formal institutional arrangements. This research contributes to understanding e-government implementation at local level and provides practical recommendations for policymakers pursuing digital transformation in public services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kayla Alif Ruzaqila, Teguh Yuwono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF THE PROJECT BASED LEARNING MODEL BASED ON THE LOCAL WISDOM OF BALI MENYAMA BRAYA ON SCIENCE LEARNING OUTCOMES AS SEEN IN THE FACULTY OF STUDENTS' ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION IN GRADE V OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL GUGUS 2 TAMPAKSIRING
This study aims to examine the effect of the project based learning model based on Balinese local wisdom Menyama Braya on the learning outcomes of science in terms of the achievement motivation of fifth grade students of Elementary School Cluster 2 Tampaksiring, Tampaksiring District in the 2025/2026 academic year . This type of research is a quasi-experimental study using a posttest only control group design with a 2 × 2 factorial design . The population of this study was fifth grade in Cluster 2 Tampaksiring, Tampaksiring District in the 2025/2026 academic year, totaling 184 people . Data were collected using a questionnaire method to measure achievement motivation and a test to measure learning outcomes. The collected data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Based on the results of the data analysis, it was obtained: 1) there was a significant influence on the learning outcomes of students who followed the PjBL learning model based on Balinese local wisdom Menyama Braya , this was evidenced by the value (sign = 0.045, p <0.05). 2) There is an interaction between the learning model and motivation on the results of learning science, this is evidenced by the value (sign = 0.000, p <0.05). 3) In the group of students who have high achievement motivation, there is an influence of the Project Based Learning learning model based on Balinese local wisdom Menyama Braya on the results of learning science of grade V students of Elementary School Cluster 2 Tampaksiring, this is evidenced by the value (sign = 0.000, p <0.05). 4) In the group of students who have low achievement motivation, there is an influence of the Project Based Learning learning model based on Balinese local wisdom Menyama Braya on the results of learning science of grade V students of Elementary School Cluster 2 Tampaksiring, this is evidenced by the value (sign = 0.028 , p <0.05).
Copyright (c) 2026 I Wayan Wirjanata, Ida Bagus Putu Arnyana, I Ketut Gading https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
USABILITY TESTING OF THE IFS PRO ANDROID MOBILE APPLICATION FOR CRYPTOCURRENCY TRADING SIGNAL FORECASTING USING THE CONCURRENT THINK-ALOUD (CTA) TECHNIQUE AND PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT
The IFS Pro android application is a decision support application for cryptocurrency traders determining a buy or sell position when trading. Since its inception until now, IFS Pro has never evaluated the user and system performance aspects, so it is not known whether the system has run well or not. Based on these problems, researchers conducted an evaluation using usability testing with CTA techniques and Performance Measurement. The results of the analysis for the effectiveness of the IFS Pro android application are said to be effective because there are no errors (0%) made by respondents from the Performance Measurement data. Then the results of the efficiency analysis have been efficient because there is no significant time difference from the Mann Whitney U-test data. The results of the analysis of user satisfaction based on the features of the IFS Pro android application have a fairly satisfying category with an average value of 61 (C) obtained from the CTA usability data with the SUS (System Usability Scale) questionnaire. Because IFS Pro user satisfaction is still in the quite satisfied category, the researchers assess the need for improvement recommendations, including adding features and display adjustments. Suggestions for the future, IFS Pro periodically carries out usability testing analysis on the IFS Pro android application so that the quality of the IFS Pro user satisfaction category is getting better.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Gede Etika Ari Wibawa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ACTOR NETWORK IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FREE NUTRITIONAL MEAL PROGRAM (MBG): EVIDENCE FROM TANJUNGPINANG CITY
The Free Nutritious Meals Program (MBG) represents one of the largest national nutrition initiatives implemented simultaneously across regions in Indonesia. Although the program is designed through a centralized policy framework, its implementation requires coordination among multiple actors operating across institutional and sectoral boundaries at the local level. Existing studies on policy implementation have largely focused on administrative capacity and institutional design, while limited attention has been given to how relationships among actors shape governance processes in large-scale public nutrition programs. This study examines how actor networks shape the implementation of the MBG program in Tanjungpinang City. A qualitative research design was employed to explore relational dynamics among actors involved in the program. The analysis integrates Actor Network Theory to examine processes of network formation with Social Network Analysis to map relational structures and identify actors occupying strategic positions within the implementation network. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analysis of policy documents. The findings reveal that MBG implementation is sustained not primarily by formal administrative hierarchy but by a relational governance network connecting actors responsible for food production, service distribution, and regulatory supervision. The Municipal Education Office functions as the central coordination hub within the network, while the Health Office provides regulatory legitimacy and intermediary actors facilitate coordination across institutional levels. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of complex public service programs depends on the capacity of actor networks to develop adaptive relational mechanisms that sustain coordination in diverse local contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fery Andana, Alfiandri, Wayu Eko Yudiatmaja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPLEMENTATION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST HATE SPEECH THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA IN ELECTION CAMPAIGN ACTIVITIES IN THE JURISDICTION OF THE CENTRAL KALIMANTAN REGIONAL POLICE
Social media has become a primary tool for election campaigns in Indonesia, but it has also fueled the rise of hate speech practices that have the potential to disrupt democracy and social stability. This study aims to analyze the implementation of law enforcement against hate speech through social media in election campaign activities within the jurisdiction of the Central Kalimantan Regional Police and to identify the obstacles faced by law enforcement officers. The research method used is empirical juridical with a descriptive approach through literature studies and interviews with the Central Kalimantan Regional Police. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of law enforcement against hate speech through social media in election campaign activities within the jurisdiction of the Central Kalimantan Regional Police is carried out through three main approaches: preventive, pre-emptive, and repressive. Preventive efforts are carried out through legal socialization, digital literacy education, and cyber patrols. Pre-emptive efforts are carried out through early detection of potential violations and coordination with Bawaslu, KPU, and Kominfo. Meanwhile, repressive efforts are carried out through investigations, inquiries, and prosecutions based on the law. However, this implementation is less effective and still faces several obstacles. Preventive efforts face challenges such as weak outreach and early monitoring, preemptive efforts face challenges such as a lack of early detection and a structured persuasive approach, and repressive efforts face challenges such as technical digital evidence and inconsistent law enforcement. These challenges indicate that the Central Kalimantan Regional Police (Polda Kalteng) still faces several shortcomings in handling hate speech cases on social media during election campaigns. These challenges stem from unclear and overlapping regulations between election criminal provisions, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and technical regulations governing election organizers, leading to differing interpretations among law enforcement agencies. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen inter-agency coordination and increase the capacity of law enforcement officers to handle hate speech cases during election campaigns so that they can be implemented effectively and fairly.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Aida Fitriana, Yacob F. Martono, Karlinae D. Bangas, Rizki Setyabowo Sangalang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPLEMENTATION OF MARKETING MIX STRATEGY IN ATTRACTING PATIENTS' INTEREST IN TREATMENT AT MAYJEN HM RYACUDU REGIONAL HOSPITAL, BUMI CITY, NORTH LAMPUNG REGENCY
The decline in outpatient visits is a major challenge for regional hospitals amidst increasing competition in healthcare services. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the 7P marketing mix (Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process, and Physical Evidence) in increasing outpatient visits at Mayjen HM Ryacudu Regional General Hospital in Kotabumi, Lampung. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with management, medical personnel, and patients, which were then validated through source triangulation, field observation, and documentation. Then, they were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques. The results show that price and place elements are the hospital's main strengths due to affordable rates and strategic location. However, limited pricing flexibility due to government regulations limits the function of price as a differentiation tool. People and process elements play a significant role in shaping patient perceptions of service quality, while promotion has not been optimally utilized. A SWOT analysis places the hospital in a position that requires aggressive market penetration through service digitalization and physical facility modernization to restore public trust and increase visits by BPJS and general patients. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating all elements of the 7P marketing mix synergistically to increase patient interest in visiting regional hospitals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Finny Redjeki, Etty Sofia Mariati Asnar, Yuana Cita Adhyaksa Putri, Vip Paramarta, Ayu Laili Rahmiyati, Farida Yuliaty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DISSECTING PROCEDURAL JUSTICE: INDONESIAN AND THAI LEGAL POLICIES TOWARDS FEMALE RAPE VICTIMS WHO CHOOSE ABORTION
The practice of abortion, particularly that resulting from rape, is a complex legal, health, and human rights issue in Indonesia and Thailand. Female victims of rape often experience unwanted pregnancies, which can have serious physical, psychological, and social consequences, potentially leading to illegal abortions that endanger lives. This study aims to analyze and compare the Indonesian and Thai criminal justice systems in handling abortions resulting from rape, with an emphasis on legal protection for female victims of sexual violence. The method used is a normative juridical approach with a comparative legal study, through analysis of legislation, court decisions, empirical data, and international reports. The results of the study indicate that Indonesia still applies a dualistic approach between the criminalization of abortion and limited exceptions under the Health Law, which in practice creates legal uncertainty and has the potential to lead to re-victimization of victims. In contrast, Thailand applies a more progressive approach by separating abortion as a health issue and rape as a criminal offense, and positions women as victims in need of protection and recovery, rather than as subjects of punishment. This comparison indicates that the Thai legal system is more responsive to the protection of women's reproductive rights and the prevention of re-victimization. Therefore, legal reform and harmonization are needed in Indonesia so that the handling of abortions resulting from rape is more oriented towards justice, victim protection, and women's reproductive health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Jayanti Sirait, Atikah Rahmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INFLUENCE SELF-COMPASSION TO LONELINESS FOR TEENAGERS WHO ARE VICTIMS OF BULLYING
Bullying can cause impact psychological Serious, like loneliness on victim . Self- compassion can help reduce impact negative with accept suffering experienced. Study This aim know influence self-compassion to loneliness in adolescent victims of bullying . The study used a quantitative method with convenience sampling. on 398 teenager victim bullying in Indonesia. Data collected through The University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale Version 3 (UCLA LS), Self-compassion Scale (SCS), And The Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ). Analysis data use regression linear simple show Self-compassion has a significant negative effect on loneliness with a contribution of 8.8% (R²=0.088), temporary 91.2% influenced factor other. Results This can help school, person old, And maker policy understand condition teenager in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irene Cristin Pasaribu, Ade Rahmawati Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF SALARY AND WORK INSURANCE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH JOB SATISFACTION AS A MEDIATION VARIABLE IN A STUDY AT PT PATRIOT INTAN ABADI
In an era of increasingly competitive business competition, employee performance is a key factor in organizational success because it plays a direct role in achieving company goals and sustainability. One effort that companies can make to improve employee performance is through compensation management, especially salary and work insurance, by paying attention to the level of employee job satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the effect of salary and work insurance on employee performance with job satisfaction as a mediating variable at PT Patriot Intan Abadi. This study uses a quantitative approach with a causal design. Data were obtained through a survey using questionnaires distributed to all employees of PT Patriot Intan Abadi involved in the chicken farming project. The study population was 120 employees and all of them were used as research samples. The data analysis technique used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of AMOS 26.00 software. The results of the study indicate that salary has a positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction (estimate = 0.208; p-value = 0.019), and work insurance has a positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction (estimate = 0.353; p-value 0.000). Job satisfaction is also proven to have a positive and significant effect on employee performance (estimate = 0.245; p-value = 0.015). However, salary does not have a significant direct effect on employee performance (estimate = 0.139; p-value = 0.107), while work insurance has a positive and significant effect on employee performance (estimate = 0.391; p-value 0.000). These findings indicate that job satisfaction acts as a full mediating variable in the relationship between salary and employee performance, as well as a partial mediating variable in the relationship between work insurance and employee performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nopal Pahlawan, Muh Abdul Aziz, Nurni Arrina Lestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PERFORMANCE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND SPATIAL SOUTH BOLAANG MONGGONDOW REGENCY IN HANDLING ROAD AND BRIDGE INFRASTRUCTURE
This study conducts an in-depth analysis of the performance of the Department of Public Works and the South Bolaang Mongondow District regarding the management of road and bridge infrastructure, viewed from a normative legal perspective. It evaluates the alignment of these agencies' duties with the mandates of Law Number 2 of 2022 and other technical regulations. Utilizing normative legal research methods, including statutory and conceptual approaches, the study analyzes a range of secondary data comprising both primary and secondary legal materials. The findings indicate that the performance of these services encounters significant legal challenges, particularly concerning the ambiguous legal status of district roads, which complicates budget allocation, alongside inflexible procurement procedures that impede timely responses to infrastructure damage. Furthermore, a disparity exists between physical development and the legal protection of infrastructure due to inadequate local regulations regulating vehicle loads. The study underscores the necessity to bolster local regulations and enhance the technical-juridical capabilities of relevant authorities to ensure that infrastructure development is not only physically secure but also legally accountable, thus contributing to the sustainability of regional accessibility in South Bolaang Mongondow Regency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Fatima Suja, Ismet Susila, Rusli Isa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF BRAND IMAGE, TRUST, AND SERVICE QUALITY ON REVISIT INTENTION MEDIATED BY PATIENT SATISFACTION (CASE STUDY AT THE BHAYANGKARA HOSPITAL OF THE YOGYAKARTA SPECIAL REGION REGIONAL POLICE)
This study aims to analyze the influence of Brand Image, trust, and service quality on patients’ revisit intention with patient satisfaction as a mediating variable at Bhayangkara Hospital, POLDA of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The increasing competition among hospitals demands a comprehensive evaluation of the factors that shape patient loyalty. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method involving 250 patient respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Square (PLS) with SmartPLS 4 software. The findings show that Brand Image, trust, and service quality have a positive and significant effect on patient satisfaction and revisit intention. Patient satisfaction is also proven to mediate the relationship between the three independent variables and revisit intention, as indicated by p-values below 0.05. These results confirm that a positive hospital image, trust in the competence of medical staff, and superior service quality create a satisfying patient experience, thus encouraging revisit behavior. Theoretically, this study strengthens the conceptual model that satisfaction is a key element bridging patients’ perceptions and loyalty in the healthcare sector. Practically, the findings provide implications for hospital management to enhance the synergy between image management, trust-building, and service quality improvement to create sustainable patient satisfaction and retention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Syakur Banafif, Kosasih, Rulia, Etty Sofia Mariati Asnar, Farida Yuliaty, Vip Paramarta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
OPTIMIZING COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION TO STRENGTHEN COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE IN ADDRESSING URBAN ISSUES IN BEKASI
The paradigm shift from government to governance requires the active involvement of the community as partners in addressing complex urban issues such as flooding and waste management. This study aims to analyze the influence of community participation on collaborative governance and the effectiveness of urban problem handling in the city of Bekasi. The novelty of this study lies in placing the community as the main unit of analysis to fill the gap in previous studies that tended to focus on the perspective of government institutions. The research method used is quantitative explanatory with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) analysis techniques. Data were collected from 130 respondents in Bekasi City through purposive sampling. The results of hypothesis testing show that community participation has a very strong positive influence on strengthening collaborative governance (t=34.897). Furthermore, collaborative governance has a significant effect on the effectiveness of urban problem handling (t=3.440). Although citizen participation has a direct impact on effectiveness (t=2.299), the role of collaborative governance as a mediating variable is proven to be vital in optimizing citizen contributions into real and sustainable solutions (t=3.461). These findings confirm that substantive participation through equal dialogue spaces is the key to successful modern city governance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Evi Mafriningsianti, Sandi Setiadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND GOVERNANCE (ESG) RATING AND FINANCIAL RATIOS ON SUSTAINABLE GROWTH RATE (SGR) MODERATED BY DIGITAL BANKING (DB) IN BANKING COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE (IDX) FOR THE 2020–2024 PERIOD
The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence of the effect of Environmental Social and Governance (ESG) Rating and Financial Ratio, namely Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) and Non-Performing Loan (NPL) on Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) moderated by Digital Banking (DB) in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Research data was obtained from the annual financial statements of the banking sector listed on the IDX for the 2020-2024 period. The data analysis technique used was multiple regression analysis with the help of the SPSS application. The results of the study show that ESG, NPL, and DB variables have an effect on SGR. For the LDR variable, there was no effect on the SGR of banking companies listed on the IDX during the research period. These findings suggest that banks’ sustainable growth is affected by the quality of ESG governance, credit risk management, and digital transformation. The implication of this study is that companies need to pay attention to internal and external factors that can affect the Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR).
Copyright (c) 2026 Tri Wahyuningsih, Said Kelana Asnawi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Santhal Spirituality And Religious Traditions: A Study Of Nature Worship And Cultural Identity
The study examines the religious practices and cultural importance of the Santhal tribe which is a well-known Munda ethnic group in the Indian subcontinent. The Santhals are one of the largest indigenous communities in India with a population of over seven million according to the 2011 Census of India (Census of India, 2011). This study uses a literature review method to investigate the origins of the Santhal tribe and their unique religious rituals which are mainly focused on the worship of nature and sacred groves known as Sarna. By using linguistic studies historical stories and ethnographic research the study explains the details of Santhal spirituality. This includes their beliefs in a supreme God called Marang Buru and a variety of spirits known as bongas. The study also highlights how the Santhal community balances tradition and modernity and shows how their cultural heritage remains strong despite urbanization and outside influences. The detailed examination helps us better understand indigenous religious traditions and shows that Santhal religious identity remains active even as society changes. The findings contribute to the broader literature on indigenous religions and demonstrate how Santhal spirituality maintains its distinctiveness while adapting to contemporary challenges (Troisi, 2000; Carrin & Tambs-Lyche, 2008).
Copyright (c) 2026 Bilal Ahmad Mir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF BRAND IMAGE AND SERVICE QUALITY ON LOYALTY THROUGH PATIENT SATISFACTION AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE AT CLINIC A IN KUDUS CITY (Study at Clinic A in Kudus City, Central Java)
This study was conducted due to increasingly fierce competition in the healthcare industry and patients' low tendency to recommend, reuse, and make Clinic A in Kudus City their first choice. The aim was to obtain empirical evidence regarding the influence of brand image and service quality on patient loyalty through patient satisfaction as an intervening variable. The method used was descriptive verification analysis with a quantitative approach. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to patients at Clinic A in Kudus City. The sample size was determined using Hair's formula, which is five to ten times the number of research indicators. Data analysis was performed using path analysis and the Sobel test to examine the mediating role. The results the analysis show that brand image, service quality, patient satisfaction, and patient loyalty are good. Partially and simultaneously, brand image and service quality have a positive and significant effect on patient satisfaction and loyalty. Patient satisfaction is also proven to mediate the effect of brand image and service quality on patient loyalty. Therefore, Clinic A in Kudus City is advised to continue to improve its brand image and service quality in order to strengthen patient satisfaction and loyalty on an ongoing basis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ayu Rindwita Indah Peanasari, Vip Paramarta, Kosasih, Farida Yuliaty, Rahadian Malik, Fitriana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF POVERTY IN UNDERDEVELOPED REGIONS OF SUMATRA ISLAND
Sumatra Island has shown a strong economic performance in terms of its contribution to the national GDP. However, the island still has seven underdeveloped regions. This situation is further exacerbated by a high percentage of poverty in each of these underdeveloped areas. This research aims to map the progress of poverty in these underdeveloped regions of Sumatra Island using the Klassen typology, and to analyze the faktors influencing poverty in these regions through panel data regression analysis. The mapping analysis conducted using the Klassen typology consistently places North Nias Regency in the quadrant with a high poverty percentage and low per capita gross regional domestic product (PDRB) throughout the study period. Meanwhile, most other regencies have shifted their quadrant positions. The panel data regression analysis results indicate that significant faktors reducing poverty include the length of well-maintained roads, the Human Development Index (HDI), capital expenditure, and per capita PDRB. On the other hand, the open unemployment rate (TPT) significantly increases poverty. Social assistance spending does not have an effect on poverty in the underdeveloped regions of Sumatra Island.
Copyright (c) 2026 Badrun Faridz Habibie, Wiwiek Rindayati, Sri Mulatsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RISK MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS RELATED TO THE ROLE OF INDEPENDENT QUALITY CONTROL CONSULTANTS (PMI) IN THE TRANSITION OF FUNDING FROM TOLL ROAD BUSINESS ENTITIES (BUJT) TO THE STATE BUDGET (APBN) IN TOLL ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS USING THE SEM-PLS AND ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS METHODS
This study analyzes risk management related to the role of Independent Quality Control Consultants during the transition of toll road infrastructure project funding from Toll Road Business Entities (BUJT) to the State Budget (APBN). The funding transition introduces complex regulatory, technical, and coordination challenges that may affect project quality, time performance, and compliance. Therefore, this research aims to examine the influence of competence and risk assessment on the effectiveness of PMI performance, with stakeholder management positioned as an intervening variable. A mixed analytical approach was employed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). SEM-PLS was applied to test causal relationships among variables, while AHP was used to determine the priority level of factors influencing PMI effectiveness. Data were collected from professionals involved in toll road infrastructure projects, including consultants, contractors, supervisors, and academics. The results show that competence and risk assessment have a significant positive effect on the effectiveness of PMI performance. Furthermore, stakeholder management significantly mediates the relationship between competence and performance, as well as between risk assessment and performance, indicating that effective communication, coordination, and collaboration enhance the impact of technical capabilities and risk control. The AHP analysis reveals that the implementation of government regulatory standards is the most influential factor, followed by professional independence, ethical integrity, and human resource competence in understanding public funding regulations. In conclusion, the effectiveness of PMI during the BUJT-to-APBN funding transition depends on an integrated approach that combines regulatory compliance, professional competence, structured risk assessment, and stakeholder management. These findings provide strategic insights for policymakers and practitioners in strengthening quality control systems within toll road infrastructure projects.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Rifki Rahman, Erry Rimawan, Mawardi Amin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF THE USE OF ARROWUT STARCH AND SATURATED LEAF EXTRACT ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF ICE CREAM
sweet taste , soft texture, and refreshing cold sensation. This study aims to examine the effect of variations in the concentration of arrowroot starch and katuk leaf extract on the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of ice cream. The study used a quantitative experimental method with a one-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of four treatments: P1 (22.5 % : 2.5%), P2 (20%: 5%), P3 (17.5%: 7.5%), and P4 (15%: 10%), each repeated three times. Ice cream making includes preparation of ingredients, boiling, mixing thickener, cooling, stirring, and freezing. Observed variables include melting speed, overrun, protein content , fat, total solids, polyphenols, as well as organoleptic tests of color, aroma, taste, and texture. Data analysis was carried out using ANSIRA, significant difference test (LSD/LSD/Duncan), Kruskal-Wallis test for organoleptic, and effectiveness test to determine the best treatment. The results showed that variations in the concentration of arrowroot starch and katuk leaf extract had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the melting speed, polyphenol, protein, fat, and total solids levels, but did not have a significant effect (p > 0.05) on the overrun and texture values. Organoleptic tests showed that all treatments were in the neutral category. The best treatment was P4 (15% arrowroot starch: 10% katuk leaf extract) with the highest yield value (NH) of 0.86, melting speed of 1.30 g/minute, protein 4.53%, fat 2.08%, total solids 33.89%, polyphenols 2.27%, and color 3.30, aroma 3.76, taste 3.40, and texture 3.58 (neutral). This study shows that the combination of arrowroot starch and katuk leaf extract can produce functional ice cream with high nutritional value and sensory quality acceptable to consumers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yastari Mufidah Rijanti, Kejora Handarini, Fadjar Kurnia Hartati, Erna Nursiyah Tanoyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A REVIEW OF THE LAW AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES ON THE ROLE OF NOTARIES IN REGULATION OF THE CAPITAL MARKET IN INDONESIA
This study examines the legal and professional practice of the role of notaries in regulating capital markets in Indonesia, focusing on the functions and responsibilities of notaries as public officials who play a role in ensuring legal certainty over documents and agreements that form the basis of capital market activities. In a regulatory context, the role of notaries is regulated by Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning the Office of Notaries, Law Number 8 of 1995 concerning Capital Markets, and various implementing regulations from the Financial Services Authority (OJK). Using a normative juridical approach, this study examines the involvement of notaries in the process of registering securities issuances, drafting deeds of establishment and amendments to issuers' articles of association, as well as ratifying underwriting agreements and information disclosure in the capital market. The results indicate that notaries play a strategic role in maintaining transparency, legality, and accountability in capital market activities, while also acting as a bridge between legal interests between issuers, investors, and regulators. However, field practice still presents challenges, such as a lack of understanding of capital market instruments among notaries and the potential for conflicts of interest in carrying out their duties. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the professional competence of notaries and align their professional code of ethics with the principles of good corporate governance to strengthen the integrity and effectiveness of legal oversight in the Indonesian capital market sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizky Ratulinar, Heru Kuswanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR IN MEDIATING THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON HOSPITAL EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
This study aimed to analyze and empirically prove the influence of transformational leadership on employee performance through the mediating role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) at Bhayangkara Hospital. This research was motivated by the phenomenon of fluctuating employee performance and research gaps regarding the effectiveness of transformational leadership in various organizational contexts. This study employed a quantitative approach with a survey method. The population consisted of 300 hospital employees, with a sample of 171 respondents determined using the Slovin formula. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Squares (PLS) with SmartPLS software. The results showed that transformational leadership did not have a significant effect on either employee performance or the formation of OCB. Conversely, OCB was proven to have a very significant and dominant positive effect on employee performance. Due to the insignificant influence of leadership on OCB, the OCB variable was not proven to act as a mediator in the relationship between transformational leadership and performance. These findings concluded that current high employee performance was driven more by voluntary initiatives and internal employee dedication rather than by the intervention of the supervisor's leadership style
Copyright (c) 2026 Nelly Noviyanti, Tetra Hidayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DRIVING IMPULSE BUYING ON TIKTOK SHOP AN S-O-R PERSPECTIVE ON THE ROLE POSITIVE EMOTIONS AS AN MEDIATOR
This study aims to analyze the effect of Shopping Lifestyle, Flash Sale, and Live Streaming on Impulse Buying with Positive Emotions as a mediating variable among TikTok Shop users in Malang City. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through online questionnaires from 192 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS software. The results of the study show that Shopping Lifestyle and Flash Sale significantly affect Positive Emotions and Impulse Buying. However, Live Streaming was found to have no significant effect on Positive Emotions, although it has a strong direct effect on Impulse Buying. Mediation analysis revealed that Positive Emotions significantly mediate the influence of Shopping Lifestyle and Flash Sale on impulse buying, but do not mediate the effect of Live Streaming. These findings confirm the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) theoretical model, in which lifestyle and price promotion stimuli are more effective at eliciting consumers' emotional aspects compared to live broadcast features that tend to be informative. Sellers are advised to package live streaming content in a more entertaining format to appeal to the viewers' emotional side.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ade Kafa Bih, M. Ridwan Basalamah, Mohamad Bastomi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0