Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI)
Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) journal is a multidisciplinary open access journal published Bimonthly (January, March, May, July, September and November). The journal continuously recei­ves contributions that offer constructive ideas, analysis, and discussions, in the forms of reviews, articles, and reports concerne­d with interdisciplinary approaches. The MORFAI welcomes a wide range of theoretical, empirical, and historical perspectives. Possible articles’ topics include, but are not limited to the following: Economics, Political Science, Law, Human Right, International Business and Management, Agricultural Research, Medical Research, Public Health, Psychology, Engineering Sciences, Sociology, Accounting, Anthropology, Ethnography, Communication, Educational Review and Religious Studies. In accordance with the decree issued by Director General of Research and Development of the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Technology, bearing the reference Number 295/C/C3/KPT/2026 Dated January 2, 2026 Concerning the Accreditation Ranking of Scientific Journals Period II, the "Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI)" journal has been bestowed with the esteemed National SINTA 3 Ranking Still 2025-2030.
FROM CAPTIVE TO NON-CAPTIVE: LEVERAGING VERTICAL INTEGRATION FOR MARKET EXPANSION AT PT. PETRO ENERGY
This study examines PT. Petro Energy, a captive fuel trading company in Indonesia facing critical revenue concentration risk, with over 95% of revenue derived from related-party customers in the coal mining sector. Following a vertical integration merger with PT. Storindo effective January 1, 2025, the company gained direct control of 85,000 KL storage infrastructure, transforming its cost structure from variable to fixed costs and raising operating leverage. This research develops a comprehensive strategic framework for market expansion into non-captive customer segments, combining industrial organization and Resource-Based View (RBV) perspectives. Analytical tools include VRIO analysis, Value Chain Analysis, PESTEL, Porter's Five Forces, STP, Marketing Mix 4Ps, SWOT-TOWS matrix, McKinsey 7S, and Kotter's 8-Step Change Model. Primary data was collected through in-depth interviews with the Board of Directors, management, and key captive customers, supported by quantitative financial ratio analysis from 2022–2024 audited financial statements. Findings reveal strong financial readiness (Current Ratio 8.97x, Gross Margin 43%, low Debt-to-Equity of 0.12) but urgent need to address declining Asset Turnover (0.99x) and lengthening Cash Conversion Cycle (90 days). A focused differentiation strategy targeting non-captive mining and construction segments, leveraging Fuel-as-a-Service (FaaS) capability and extended credit terms, is proposed alongside a phased organizational transformation roadmap.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lailly Novila Hakim, Harimukti Wandebori https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
POLICY INSTRUMENTS OF PERSUASION AND COERCION: LESSONS FROM ZIMBABWE GOLD CURRENCY REFORM (2024–2025)
The policy implementation process is complex, as policymakers select and design policy instruments that best suit their objectives in the context of the issues at hand. This study explores how the Zimbabwean government implemented the 2024 Zimbabwe Gold currency reform through persuasion and coercion in a low-trust economy with a highly informal structure. This study uses policy instrument theory and the NATO framework to argue that policy instruments based on nodality can be deployed as persuasion and those based on authority as coercion. This study employs reflexive thematic analysis across 30 documents from government, civil society, academia, and the media. The results show that using nodality tools, such as persuasion without transparency, is a symbolic mechanism, and using authority-based tools without capacity is a coercive mechanism that is difficult to implement. The joint application of the two instruments in these cases reduces the effectiveness of the policy, promotes informality, and weakens citizens’ trust in public institutions. The study concludes that persuasion and coercion are insufficient substitutes for credible institutional frameworks and stakeholder engagement. This study contributes to policy instrument theory and offers recommendations for currency reforms in developing countries.
Copyright (c) 2026 Malony Zorodzai Marekwa, Asal Wahyuni Erlin Mulyadi, Rino Ardhian Nugroho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
WHAT KEEPS COFFEE CUSTOMERS COMING BACK? THE ROLES OF CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT, CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT, AND CAFÉ ATMOSPHERE
Purpose. Retaining customers in the café segment is increasingly difficult as switching costs approach zero and competing outlets converge on product quality. This study asks why some customers return and disentangles two routes to retention that the prevailing literature has largely treated in isolation: a relational route operating through customer relationship management (CRM) and customer engagement, and an experiential route operating through the café atmosphere. Design/methodology/approach. Survey data from 200 patrons of the coffee shop were analysed with partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), incorporating a mediation test for engagement and a moderation test for atmosphere on the CRM–retention link. Findings. CRM exerts a small but significant direct effect on retention (β = 0.152, p = 0.027), and a larger share of its influence is channelled through customer engagement (indirect β = 0.224, p < 0.001) a complementary (partial) mediation in which engagement remains the dominant pathway, accounting for approximately 60 per cent of CRM's total effect, without eliminating a direct relational payoff. Café atmosphere is the single strongest driver of retention (β = 0.468, p < 0.001), exceeding both components of the relational route, while its hypothesised amplification of the CRM–retention link is not supported (β = 0.043, p = 0.459). The model explains a moderate share of retention variance (R² = 0.691). Originality/value. The study reframes CRM as an antecedent whose retention payoff is only partly direct and is substantially amplified when it is psychologically converted into engagement, and it shows that the relational and experiential routes operate largely in parallel rather than synergistically an environmental dominance that has practical consequences for how independent cafés allocate scarce resources.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ade Wahyudistira, E.R Taufik, Liza Mumtazah Damarwulan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EXPLORING THE MEDIATING ROLE OF PATIENT SATISFACTION IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHARMACY SERVICE PERFORMANCE AND PATIENT LOYALTY
Abstract— The Study aims to analyze the effect of drug availabity and prescription waiting time on patient loyalty , with patient satisfaction as a mediating variable in the outpatient pharmacy unit. The main issues in outpatient pharmaceutical services include limited drug availability and log prescription waiting times, which may reduce patient satisfaction and ultimately impact patient loyalty. This research employs a quantitative approach using a survey design. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to outpatient who had received pharmacy services. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling based on specific criteria. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with a Partial Least Square (PLS) approach to examine the relationships among variable. A total of 100 respondents participated in this study. Drug availability significantly influenced patient satisfaction (p=0.000) and patient loyalty (p=0.006 ), whereas prescription waiting time had significant negataive effects on patient satisfaction (p =0.000), and patient loyalty (p=0.128 ) Patient satisfaction partially medicated both relationships.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tris Yulianti, Hery Winoto TJ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY ON INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOR THROUGH DIGITAL COLLABORATION AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN HOSPITALS
Innovation has become a critical capability for healthcare organizations seeking to improve service quality, patient safety, and operational efficiency. Healthcare workers are expected to continuously develop and implement innovative solutions to address increasingly complex healthcare challenges. However, innovation is influenced by various organizational factors, including psychological safety and digital collaboration. This study aimed to examine the effect of Psychological Safety on Innovative Work Behavior through Digital Collaboration among healthcare workers at Hospital X. This study employed a quantitative research approach using a cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected from 200 healthcare workers, including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, laboratory personnel, and other healthcare professionals at Hospital X. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Psychological Safety was treated as the independent variable, Digital Collaboration as the mediating variable, and Innovative Work Behavior as the dependent variable. The study concludes that psychological safety and digital collaboration are important drivers of innovation among healthcare workers. Hospitals should therefore foster supportive work environments that encourage open communication, trust, and active participation while simultaneously strengthening digital collaboration capabilities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dea Erica, Kosasih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PHYSICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MILK YOGHOURT COW WITH ADDITION LEAF Pandanus FRAGRANT (Pandanus) Amaryllifolius)
Yogurt is a fermented milk product with high nutritional value and is popular with the public. The addition of pandan leaf extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) can enhance the flavor and provide a natural aroma and color to yogurt. This study aims to determine the effect of adding pandan leaf extract on the physical and organoleptic characteristics of yogurt and to improve the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of Women Farmers Groups (KWT) through extension activities. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments: P0 (without the addition of pandan leaf extract), P1 (10%), P2 (13%), and P3 (16%). The parameters observed included color, taste, aroma, and texture through organoleptic tests. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), while the effectiveness of the extension was evaluated through pre-test and post-test on 25 members of the Bunga Mawar Women Farmers Group (KWT) in Timbuseng Village, Pattallassang District, Gowa Regency. The results showed that the addition of fragrant pandan leaf extract had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the physical and organoleptic characteristics of yogurt. Treatment P0 produced the highest scores in color (4.00), taste (3.07), and aroma (2.93), while the best texture was obtained in treatment P2 (3.53). The addition of fragrant pandan leaf extract in high concentrations caused a change in color to a greener color, decreased acidity levels, affected the distinctive aroma of yogurt, and decreased texture stability at the highest concentration. The results of the extension evaluation showed an increase in knowledge from 65.8% to 93%, skills from 50.2% to 81.8%, and attitudes from 62.6% to 84.4%, with an extension effectiveness rate of 66.3%, which is considered effective.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muh. Afdanul Irham, Syamsududdin, Muhammad Yunus, Lili Suryani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF QRIS USE AS A PAYMENT METHOD AT THE “X” EYE CLINIC IN SURABAYA
Digital transformation in the healthcare sector has driven the adoption of a cashless payment system through the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) to improve administrative efficiency and service quality. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of QRIS implementation as a digital payment method at Eye Clinic X Surabaya and identify factors that support and hinder its implementation. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study design. Informants were purposively selected, consisting of one financial manager, four cashiers, and five QRIS patient users. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed using thematic analysis assisted by NVivo 14 software. The results showed that QRIS implementation was able to improve the effectiveness of administrative services through faster, easier, more accurate, and more efficient transaction processes. The use of QRIS also helped reduce queues, simplify transaction recording, and increase patient convenience in making payments. However, implementation still faces several obstacles, including internet network instability, delays in transaction notifications, low digital literacy among some elderly patients, and suboptimal standard operating procedures (SOPs) and training for staff. Based on Campbell's effectiveness framework, QRIS implementation has met most of the organizational effectiveness indicators, although further strengthening of technological infrastructure, improving human resource competency, and organizational support are still needed for sustainable digital transformation. This research contributes to enriching the study of digital payment implementation in healthcare facilities, particularly at the clinic level, as a basis for developing policies and strategies for digital healthcare services in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asti Indriani, Djoko Pitoyo, Rahadian Malik, Ayu Laili Rahmiyati, Vip Paramarta, Kosasih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INFLUENCE WORK DISCIPLINEE IN MEDIATING WORK MOTIVATION AND WORK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION
Employee job satisfaction is a crucial factor influencing an organization's effectiveness in achieving its goals. Job satisfaction is influenced by various factors, including work motivation.work environment, And work disciplineThis study aims to analyze the influence of work motivation andwork environment to work disciplineand employee job satisfaction, as well as testing the rolework disciplineas a mediating variable for employees of the Regional Secretariat of Serang Regency. The study used a quantitative method with a descriptive and verification approach. The study population consisted of 95 employees and all were sampled through a saturated sampling technique (census). Data were collected using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method using SmartPLS 4.0. The results showed that work motivation had a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction (β = 0.262; p = 0.015) andwork discipline(β = 0.507; p = 0.000).Work environmentalso has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction (β = 0.293; p = 0.001) andwork discipline(β = 0.427; p = 0.000). Furthermore,work disciplinehas a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction (β = 0.315; p = 0.009). The results of the mediation test show thatwork disciplineable to significantly mediate the influence of work motivation andwork environmenton employee job satisfaction. Therefore, increasing work motivation, creating a conducive work environment, and strengthening work discipline are effective strategies for improving employee job satisfaction at the Serang Regency Regional Secretariat.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizki Wulandari, Moh. Sutoro, Basrowi Basrowi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF FUTURE ORIENTATION ON CAREER DECISION-MAKING SELF-EFFICACY AMONG SENIOR HIGH AND VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Despite documented linear relationships between future orientation and career self-efficacy globally, there remains a gap in understanding how these specific psychological variations influence upper secondary school students across different educational tracks in the Indonesian context. This study aims to examine the empirical effect of future orientation on career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE), specifically addressing this gap by analyzing how long-term cognitive awareness drives career confidence. Employing a quantitative predictive-correlational design, data were collected through a hybrid survey using adapted scales involving 576 upper secondary students from Padang City. The findings reveal that future orientation exerts a significant, robust positive influence on CDMSE, independently contributing 13.4% to its variance, with a highly positive descriptive distribution showing no students in low categories. This research contributes to the field of education by directly filling the identified geographic gap and providing empirical evidence that links internal cognitive visualization to active adolescent career tasks. The implications suggest that school counselors should pivot from merely distributing occupational brochures to designing integrated interventions that actively cultivate students' long-term goal-setting and internal control.
Copyright (c) 2026 Taufik Hidayat Almedy, Farida Agus Setiawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TAX DATA MIGRATION THROUGH CORE TAX ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM : A NETNOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DIGITAL TAX CUMMUNITY DISCOURSE
The digital transformation of tax administration has become one of the most significant public sector reforms undertaken by governments worldwide. Indonesia has accelerated this transformation through the implementation of the Core Tax Administration System (Coretax), an integrated platform intended to replace fragmented digital tax applications and establish a unified tax administration database. Despite its strategic importance, the early implementation of Coretax generated considerable discussion among taxpayers, tax consultants, and accounting professionals regarding technical reliability, usability, and adaptation to the new system. This study investigates how digital tax communities socially construct meanings and responses toward the migration to Coretax during its initial implementation phase This research adopts a qualitative approach using netnography. Data were collected through passive observation of publicly accessible discussions within Telegram tax communities, Twitter/X conversations, and online tax forums between January and August 2025. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using open coding, axial coding, and selective coding to identify dominant discourse themes and explain the socio-technical dynamics underlying user experiences The findings demonstrate that Coretax implementation represents a socio-technical transformation rather than merely a technological migration. Five dominant themes emerged from the digital discourse: system errors, user interface confusion, emotional resistance, collaborative adaptation, and system stabilization. Users experienced three consecutive migration phases characterized by initial confusion, resistance triggered by technical instability, and gradual acceptance following continuous system improvements. The study concludes that successful digital tax transformation depends not only on technological capability but also on effective communication, digital literacy, institutional responsiveness, and public trust. These findings contribute to the growing literature on digital taxation by highlighting the importance of social construction processes and online communities in shaping public sector technology adoption.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sandy Novianto Sandy, Fidiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INTERNALIZATION OF WASAṬIYYAH ISLAMIC VALUES THROUGH ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION LEARNING AT LAKSAMANA MARTADINATA PRIVATE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN MEDAN
This study aims to describe the planning of Islamic Religious Education learning in internalizing the values of Islam wasaṭiyyah, examine the internalization process, and identify the supporting and inhibiting factors at SMP Swasta Laksamana Martadinata Medan. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings reveal that the planning of Islamic Religious Education learning was conducted systematically by integrating the values of Islam wasaṭiyyah both implicitly and explicitly through learning objectives, materials, methods, media, and learning activities. The internalization process occurred through three stages, namely value transformation, value transaction, and value transinternalization. In the transformation stage, the values of Islam wasaṭiyyah were conveyed through material explanation, advice, and role modeling. In the transaction stage, these values were reinforced through discussions, deliberation, and group work. Furthermore, in the transinternalization stage, the values of Islam wasaṭiyyah were reflected in students’ daily behavior, such as mutual respect, tolerance, and cooperation. Supporting factors for the internalization process included an inclusive school culture, equal treatment policies toward students, and school programs based on togetherness. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors included the influence of social media, parenting patterns of some parents that were not fully aligned with the values of Islam wasaṭiyyah, and limited instructional time for Islamic Religious Education learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khairul Umam Nasution, Syamsu Nahar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND SALES GROWTH ON PROFITABILITY IN REAL ESTATE COMPANIES LISTED ON THE IDX FOR THE 2021-2024 PERIOD
This study aims to analyze the effect of capital structure and sales growth on profitability in real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2021–2024 period. This study used a quantitative approach with an explanatory method and a sample of 62 companies selected through purposive sampling, resulting in 248 data observations. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 29. The results showed that capital structure had a negative and significant effect on profitability, while sales growth did not significantly affect profitability. Simultaneously, capital structure and sales growth significantly affected profitability. The research findings indicate that the profitability of real estate companies is more influenced by the company's ability to manage its funding structure than by sales growth. This indicates that increased sales will not necessarily increase profitability if it is not balanced by effective cost management and funding sources.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Nurhaliza, Munawarah, Juliana Kadang, Nini Andriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
REPRESENTATION OF CULTURAL VALUES IN THE BESEMAH COMMUNITY OF PAGAR ALAM THROUGH THE REJUNG LITERARY ART TRADITION
Indonesia has a wide variety of literary traditions that differ across each region, one of which is found in the Besemah Tribe in Pagaralam, South Sumatra. Rejung is a traditional art form that combines musical melodies and poetic verses as a form of cultural expression rich in meaning. This art form is an oral cultural heritage filled with symbolic values and social functions, especially within the context of traditional customs and culture. Through Rejung art, values such as honor, politeness, solidarity, and spirituality are transmitted from one generation to another. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the cultural values contained in the Rejung art tradition of the Besemah community in Pagaralam, South Sumatra. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, while the data collection technique was conducted through literature studies using reliable sources such as journals, articles, undergraduate theses, dissertations, books, and other relevant references.
Copyright (c) 2026 Keryn Kania, Sumianto A Sayuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF STATE OFFICIALS IN HUMAN TRAFFICKING CASES TO CAMBODIA AND EFFORTS TO REPATRIATE VICTIMS
Human trafficking to Cambodia constitutes a transnational crime involving cross-border criminal networks and, in several cases, state officials who abuse their authority. This situation creates significant challenges for law enforcement and the legal protection of victims, particularly during the repatriation process. This study aims to analyze the criminal liability of state officials involved in human trafficking to Cambodia and to examine the effectiveness of legal protection in the implementation of victim repatriation. This research employs a normative juridical method with a descriptive qualitative approach using statutory and case approaches. The findings indicate that the criminal liability of state officials is regulated under Law Number 21 of 2007 on the Eradication of the Crime of Human Trafficking and is further strengthened by Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Indonesian Criminal Code. However, its implementation remains ineffective because law enforcement has not fully addressed the involvement of intellectual actors and state officials participating in these crimes. Furthermore, the repatriation process continues to face challenges, including limited inter-agency coordination, inadequate diplomatic capacity, and the suboptimal fulfillment of victims' rights. Therefore, strengthening law enforcement and improving the victim repatriation mechanism are necessary to ensure more effective legal protection for victims.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Dewanto Adi Saputra, Kayus Kayowuan Lewoleba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HOW GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO. 6 OF 2021 ARTICLES 7 AND 38 INFLUENCES THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BUSINESS LICENSING IN INDONESIAN REGIONS
This study examines the legal implications of Articles 7 and 38 of Government Regulation No. 6 of 2021 on the Implementation of Business Licensing in the Regions and their influence on regional business licensing administration in Indonesia. The research aims to analyze how these provisions reshape the institutional framework for implementing risk-based business licensing through the establishment of Independent One-Stop Integrated Service Agencies at the provincial and regency/city levels. The authors utilized a socio-legal approach combining doctrinal and empirical legal research methods through statutory analysis, literature review, field observations, and interviews with relevant government officials, using Karanganyar Regency as a case study. The findings demonstrate that the Regulation requires regional governments to reorganize their licensing institutions by separating Independent One-Stop Integrated Service Agencies from other governmental affairs, standardizing organizational structures, and integrating licensing services with the Online Single Submission (OSS) system. These reforms are intended to enhance legal certainty, administrative efficiency, transparency, and investment facilitation while ensuring consistency with the hierarchy of Indonesian legislation. The study concludes that Government Regulation No. 6 of 2021 has significantly strengthened regional business licensing governance by providing a clear legal framework for institutional restructuring and improving the effectiveness of investment services across regional governments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nana Sugiarti, Harun, Nunik Nurhayati, Arief Budiono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF TEACHING PROFESSION PERCEPTION IN THE EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL AND CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (TPACK) AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ON TEACHER READINESS
This study addresses the issue of teacher readiness among students enrolled in the Education Study Programs at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Medan, as teacher readiness is a crucial aspect of preparing qualified future educators. The study aims to examine the effects of Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) and the social environment on teacher readiness, with teaching profession perception serving as the mediating variable. A quantitative approach with a causal research design was employed. The population consisted of students from the Education Study Programs at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Medan, from the 2022 cohort. A total of 153 students were selected as the research sample. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results indicate that TPACK and the social environment have positive and significant effects on teacher readiness. The social environment also has a positive and significant effect on teaching profession perception, while teaching profession perception has a positive and significant effect on teacher readiness. Furthermore, the mediation analysis reveals that teaching profession perception mediates the relationship between the social environment and teacher readiness. These findings suggest that TPACK, the social environment, and teaching profession perception are important factors in enhancing teacher readiness among students in education study programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tasya G Sianturi, Saidun Hutasuhut https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE MEDAN COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATICS AGENCY'S COMMUNICATION STRATEGY USING INSTAGRAM TO INCREASE MEDIA LITERACY IN MEDAN
The rapid development of social media has made it easier for the public to access and distribute information, but it has also increased the risks of hoaxes and inaccurate assessments of digital information. This study aims to analyze the communication strategy implemented by the Medan City Communication and Information Agency through the Instagram account @diskominfomedan to improve media literacy among the people of Medan City. The study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation of account activities and content, and documentation. Informants were selected purposefully based on their involvement in account management and information reception, while credibility data was examined through source and technique triangulation. The findings show that the communication strategy was implemented by appointing credible communicators, identifying diverse target groups, developing informative, educational, and persuasive messages, and using the visual and interactive features of Instagram. Content concerning hoax prevention, responsible social media use, public information, and positive content production encouraged informants to become more critical, selective, cautious, and responsible in receiving and sharing digital information. The study concludes that alignment among communicators, audience characteristics, message quality, media selection, and effect evaluation makes Instagram an effective government communication channel for supporting public media literacy in Medan City.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rashin Salsabila, Irma Yusriani Simamora https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE POSITION OF DIGITAL FORENSICS AS EVIDENCE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT OF CRIMINAL VIOLATIONS COPYRIGHT IN THE CYBER DOMAIN
This study discusses the position of digital forensics as evidence in law enforcement of copyright infringement crimes in the cyber realm. The formulation of the research problem is: (1) What is the role of digital forensics in the criminal evidence system in Indonesia? (2) What are the legal challenges in utilizing digital forensics to uncover copyright infringement on the Internet? and (3) How effective is digital forensics in supporting the legal evidence process for copyright crimes committed online? This study uses a normative juridical research type with a descriptive-analytical nature, through a literature study of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The analysis is carried out using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach to examine relevant regulations, doctrines, and legal theories. The results of the study indicate that digital forensics has an important role in proving copyright infringement, despite legal challenges related to its validity, procedures, and application. This study provides a normative overview of the position of digital forensics and its contribution to law enforcement in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Windy Anggraini, M. Citra Ramadhan, Azwir Agus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INTEGRATING LEAN AND DIGITAL IN SERVICE SYSTEMS: ARCHETYPES, OUTCOMES, AND IMPLICATIONS
The rapid digitalization of service industries has intensified the need for the effective integration of lean principles and digital technologies to enhance both operational performance and customer outcomes. This study aims to develop a contingency-based understanding of Lean Digital Transformation (LDT) in service sectors by examining how different configurations of practices and technologies influence performance across various service archetypes. A systematic literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025, selected using a structured search strategy and rigorous inclusion criteria to ensure relevance and validity. The findings indicate that LDT significantly improves efficiency, service quality, customer experience, and cost performance when lean practices, such as value stream mapping, standardization, and continuous improvement, are effectively combined with digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, robotic process automation, analytics, and cloud computing. The effectiveness of these implementations varies depending on the service archetypes, where high-contact services require flexible, human-centric approaches, whereas low-contact services benefit from automation and scalability. The study also identified the key enablers and barriers influencing LDT success. Overall, this study proposes an archetype-contingent framework, contributing both theoretical insights and practical guidance for sustainable service innovation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Febiyola Wijaya, Ibnu Sina Hi Yusuf, Grace Fredriksz, Vascolino Pattipeilohy, Nelda Maelissa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A RIGHTS-BASED APPROACH TO HANDLING COMMUNITY POVERTY IN FOREST AREAS (CASE STUDY IN PARUNGMULYA VILLAGE, CIAMPEL DISTRICT, KARAWANG REGENCY)
Resource-rich forests often become places where poor communities gather. Current forestry policies have not fully addressed poverty. This study examines the extent to which the Social Forestry Program, through the Social Forestry Forest Utilization Permit (IPHPS) scheme, can fulfill the rights of poor communities in forest areas. This study examines program achievements not only from an economic perspective but also from the perspective of fulfilling human rights (HAM). This study uses a qualitative approach with a single case study in Parungmulya Village, Ciampel, Karawang. This area borders the Mitra industrial area (KIM), which is in stark contrast to the conditions of the community within the forest area. Data collection techniques used were participant observation and document collection, which were then analyzed and verified through triangulation. The analytical framework uses structural poverty theory, a Rights-Based Approach (HRBA) with the PANEL principle (Participation, Accountability, Non-discrimination, Equity, Legality) from a Social Work Perspective. The results of the study indicate that the Social Forestry program can restore the dignity and legal status of communities from "encroachers" to "partners of the state." However, this permit does not guarantee residency rights and actually excludes them from social protection programs that require land certificates. Income has increased, but remains below the regional poverty line. This program has reduced the depth of poverty, but has not lifted people out of it. Scientifically, the recognition of new rights is still preliminary. Resource redistribution and policy adjustments across sectors are needed to achieve comprehensive social justice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hajbudin Hekmatiar, Risna Resnawaty, Hery Wibowo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF TAF VENTILATION SYSTEMS WITH DIFFERENT INLET GEOMETRIES FOR PARTICLE CONTROL AND THERMAL COMFORT IN OPERATING ROOMS
Operating room ventilation plays an important role in controlling bacteria-carrying particles (BCP), reducing infection risk, and maintaining thermal comfort for medical staff. Temperature-controlled airflow (TAF) is a promising ventilation strategy because it supplies air through central and peripheral inlets with different temperatures to form a stable downward airflow. This study aims to optimize a TAF ventilation system by considering BCP concentration, energy consumption, and predicted mean vote (PMV). A three-dimensional operating room model was developed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Four operating parameters were varied using central composite design (CCD), while the peripheral inlet position was evaluated separately as a two-level geometry parameter. Airflow was solved using the RNG k–ε turbulence model, while BCP motion was modeled using the discrete phase model (DPM). CFD simulation results were used to train an artificial neural network (ANN) model, which was then integrated with a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA). TOPSIS was used to select the best compromise solution from the Pareto front. The optimum condition was obtained at a central inlet velocity of 0.2735 m/s, peripheral inlet velocity of 0.1671 m/s, central inlet temperature of 21.8649 °C, peripheral inlet temperature of 22.0127 °C, and peripheral-to-central inlet distance of 2.0474 m. This configuration produced a BCP concentration of 0.9115 CFU/m³, energy consumption of 9.8832 kW, and PMV of −0.3186. These results indicate that the modified TAF configuration can produce low particle concentration, relatively low energy consumption, and acceptable thermal comfort in the operating room.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ghiffar Yanuar, Sholahudin, Kurniawan Teguh Waskito, Ridho Irwansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF INFLUENCER MARKETING AND FASHION TRENDS ON PURCHASE DECISIONS THROUGH CONSUMER TRUST IN THE TIKTOK SHOP APPLICATION AMONG GENERATION Z IN PALU CITY
This study aims to analyze the influence of Influencer Marketing and Fashion Trends on Purchasing Decisions through Consumer Trust on the TikTok Shop application among Generation Z in Palu City. The study uses a quantitative approach with an associative research type. The study population is Generation Z in Palu City who have made purchases through TikTok Shop. The research sample consisted of 112 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires with a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Squares (PLS) with the help of SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results of the study indicate that Influencer Marketing has a positive and significant effect on Consumer Trust and Purchasing Decisions. Fashion Trends also have a positive and significant effect on Consumer Trust and Purchasing Decisions. In addition, Consumer Trust has a positive and significant effect on Purchasing Decisions. The results of the mediation test indicate that Consumer Trust is able to mediate the influence of Influencer Marketing and Fashion Trends on Purchasing Decisions. The findings of this study indicate that the better the influencer marketing strategy and the higher the product's suitability to fashion trends, the higher consumer trust will be, which ultimately increases purchasing decisions on the TikTok Shop application among Generation Z in Palu City.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cinta Nur Ahda Febriyanti, Wahyuningsih, Muzakir, Mohammad Zeylo Auriza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE CIRCLE READING LEARNING MODEL WITH WORD CARDS TO UNDERSTANDING READ STUDENT ON EYE LESSON INDONESIAN LANGUAGE IN CLASS III OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
This study aims to determine the effect of the Circle Reading learning model with word cards media on students' reading comprehension in Indonesian language subjects in grade III of elementary school. The study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method and a Nonequivalent Control Group Design . The research sample consisted of 40 students divided into an experimental class and a control class, each consisting of 20 students. Data collection techniques were carried out through reading comprehension tests in the form of pre-tests and post-tests . Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through normality tests, homogeneity tests, and Independent Samples T-Tests . The results showed that the average pre-test score of the experimental class was 62.75 and the control class was 62.10 with a significance value of p = 0.600 (> 0.05), so that both groups had equal initial abilities. After the treatment was given, the average post-test score of the experimental class increased to 84.55, while the control class was 71.15. The results of the Independent Samples T-Test showed a t value = 9.567 with a significance value of p = 0.600 (> 0.05). p < 0.001, Which means there is influence significant model learning Circle Reading with word cards as a medium on students' reading comprehension. Cohen's d value of 3.025 indicates size effect Which very big. With thus, model learning CircleReading with word cards is effectively used to improve students' reading comprehension in Indonesian language subjects in grade III of elementary school.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nada Syiva Salsabila, Nurdiana Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE BETWEEN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN BALI LPDS
Financial sustainability is crucial for ensuring the long-term viability of Village Credit Institutions (LPDs) in Bali. Although intellectual capital is recognized as a strategic organizational resource, empirical findings regarding its influence on financial sustainability remain inconclusive. Furthermore, studies examining the mediating role of good corporate governance in the relationship between intellectual capital and financial sustainability, particularly in community-based financial institutions, remain limited. This study aims to analyze the role of good corporate governance in mediating the influence of intellectual capital dimensions (human capital, social capital, and relational capital) on financial sustainability in LPDs in Bali Province. This study employed a quantitative approach using primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to LPD managers and employees. A total of 188 valid responses were analyzed using PLS-SEM with SmartPLS software. The results reveal that social capital and relational capital enhance good corporate governance, which subsequently improves financial sustainability. Good corporate governance mediates the relationship between intellectual capital dimensions and financial sustainability, except for human capital, which has no significant effect. These findings contribute to the intellectual capital and governance literature by demonstrating the role of governance quality in transforming social and relational capital into sustainable financial outcomes. The study also provides practical implications for strengthening governance practices and enhancing the long-term sustainability of LPDs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Made Wanda Diajeng Sujana1, I Putu Mega Juli Semara Putra, I Nyoman Kusuma Adnyana Mahaputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
QUANTITY TAKE-OFF COMPARISON OF CONVENTIONAL AND BIM-BASED CUBICOST METHODS: A CASE STUDY OF SMPN 2 MEGALUH
Quantity Take-Off (QTO) is an essential process in construction projects as it directly influences cost estimation and project planning. Conventional quantity calculation methods often require more time and are prone to errors due to the manual interpretation of construction drawings. This study aims to compare the Quantity Take-Off results obtained using the conventional method and the Building Information Modeling (BIM) approach through Cubicost software in the construction project of SMPN 2 Megaluh. The BIM model was developed based on architectural, structural, and mechanical-electrical drawings using the Take-off for Architecture and Structure (TAS), Take-off for Reinforcement Bar (TRB), and Take-off for Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (TME) modules. The quantities generated by Cubicost were then compared with those obtained through conventional calculations. The results indicate that most work categories produced relatively small deviations, demonstrating a good level of agreement between the two methods. The largest deviations in the TAS module were observed in ceiling works (15.93%) and earthworks (15.71%), while several work categories produced identical results. Quantity differences in the TRB and TME modules were generally influenced by modeling details, drawing interpretation, and calculation procedures. Overall, the BIM-based approach using Cubicost proved to be more efficient, integrated, and consistent in generating Quantity Take-Off data, making it a reliable alternative to conventional methods for construction quantity estimation.
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Bayu Fernando Syahfikri, Dedi Enda, Roma Dearni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS THE SMART DEMOCRACY CAR PROGRAM (MOCI) IN INCREASING THE PARTICIPATION OF FIRST-TIME VOTERS IN CIKOLE DISTRICT, SUKABUMI CITY
Study This analyze the influence of the Smart Car Program Democracy (MOCI) against participation voters beginners in the District Cikole , Sukabumi City . Background behind study based on the phenomenon decline participation voters in the 2024 Election by 0.19% even though the MOCI program has launched as innovation education politics . Method study use approach quantitative descriptive with stratified random sampling technique on 98 respondents voters beginner aged 17-21 years . Data collection was carried out through questionnaire and analyzed use theory James Anderson's program evaluation which includes dimensions transparency , accountability , efficiency , and effectiveness . Research results show that implementation of the MOCI program is in the category moderate (47.8%), with findings main in the form of low accessibility information (52.2% no agree ), lack of transparency program stages (49% no agree ), and inefficiency utilization source Power humans (91.8% stated lack power work ). Although Thus , this program succeed increase awareness political voters beginner , proven with 55.1% of respondents understand rights and obligations as voters . Research conclude that the MOCI program has not yet give influence significant to improvement participation voters beginner Because factor low trust to party politics and candidates as well as intensity suboptimal socialization . Recommendations​ study covers improvement transparency information , optimization human resource management , and strengthening socialization strategies digital -based for reach voters beginner in a way more effective .
Copyright (c) 2026 Dila Dwi Lestari, Dian Purwanti, Tuah Nur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE IMPACT OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND RISK MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF UNHABILITABLE HOUSING (RUTILAHU) PROJECTS IN BANDUNG REGENCY
The Uninhabitable Housing Program (RUTILAHU) is a government program that requires effective projects and risk management to ensure its implementation meets its stated objectives. This study aims to analyze the influence of project management and risk management on the performance of the RUTILAHU Project in Bandung Regency. The study used a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to respondents involved in the RUTILAHU Program implementation and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results indicate that project management and risk management have a positive and significant effect on project implementation performance, both partially and simultaneously. The effective implementation of project management in managing time, cost, quality, and resources, as well as the implementation of risk management through risk identification, analysis, evaluation, and control, can improve project implementation effectiveness. This study concludes that the implementation of project management and risk management are important factors in improving the performance of the RUTILAHU Program. The research findings are expected to provide input for the Bandung Regency Government in improving the effectiveness of the RUTILAHU Program management
Copyright (c) 2026 Idris Syamsir, Didin Kusdian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AS A STRATEGIC MECHANISM LINKING SAFETY CULTURE AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION TO SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIAN COAL MINING
Purpose - This study examines how safety culture and digital transformation shape employee engagement and sustainable performance in a high-risk coal mining context. It also investigates whether employee engagement mediates the effects of safety culture and digital transformation on sustainable performance. Design/methodology/approach - A quantitative explanatory design was used. Survey data were collected from 204 employees of PT Indominco Mandiri Bontang, Indonesia, selected from a population of 422 employees using proportionate stratified random sampling. The research model was tested with partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 4.0. The measurement model was assessed through outer loadings, Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, average variance extracted, and Fornell-Larcker discriminant validity. The structural model was evaluated through R-square, f-square, path coefficients, and bootstrapped indirect effects. Findings - Safety culture has significant positive effects on employee engagement and sustainable performance. Digital transformation also has significant positive effects on employee engagement and sustainable performance. Employee engagement significantly improves sustainable performance and partially mediates both the safety culture-sustainable performance and digital transformation-sustainable performance relationships. The model explains 53.1% of the variance in employee engagement and 65.0% of the variance in sustainable performance. Originality/value - The study contributes to human resource management, safety management, and digital transformation literature by showing that sustainable performance in mining is not generated solely by safety systems or digital technologies, but by the ability of organizations to convert those resources into employee engagement. The findings extend the job demands-resources, social exchange, and resource-based perspectives to an under-researched Indonesian coal mining setting.
Copyright (c) 2026 Joni Pratikno, Irsan Tricahyadinata, Saida Zainurossalamia ZA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE URGENCY OF UPDATING REGULATIONS ON THE PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION IN THE LABOR RECRUITMENT PROCESS: ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH
This study discusses the urgency of reforming regulations regarding the prohibition of discrimination in the labor recruitment process in Indonesia and its impact on economic growth. Discrimination in recruitment—such as restrictions based on age, gender, physical condition, and religion—remains prevalent despite the existence of various legal instruments prohibiting such practices, including ILO Convention No. 111, Law No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower, and the Circular Letter of the Minister of Manpower No. M/6/HK.04/V/2025. This research employs a normative juridical method with an interdisciplinary approach, combining legal and economic analysis to understand the consequences of discrimination more comprehensively. The findings show that the existing regulations lack sufficient legal force to effectively curb discriminatory practices, as circular letters are administrative in nature and not legally binding. From an economic perspective, discrimination in recruitment creates barriers to human capital accumulation, which ultimately reduces labor market efficiency and hinders economic growth. Therefore, a more stringent and legally binding regulatory reform is needed to ensure equal employment opportunities and promote inclusive economic growth.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jason Christoff Tanuwijaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BIM-BASED STEEL QUANTITY TAKE-OFF EVALUATION FOR STEEL FRAME BRIDGES: A COMPARISON BETWEEN AUTODESK REVIT AND CONVENTIONAL CALCULATIONS
Building Information Modeling (BIM) has become an effective approach for improving the efficiency and accuracy of quantity take-off (QTO) in construction projects, including steel truss bridges. This study evaluates the accuracy of steel weight quantity take-off generated using Autodesk Revit 2025 by comparing it with conventional calculations based on the Detail Engineering Design (DED). The comparison was conducted on 34 steel profile groups consisting of 210 structural members. Steel weight obtained from Autodesk Revit was compared with conventional calculations using percentage difference and statistical indicators, including Mean Error (ME), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and the Coefficient of Determination (R²). The results show that Autodesk Revit produced a total steel weight of 27,526.57 kg, while the conventional calculation yielded 27,478.92 kg, resulting in a percentage difference of only 0.17%. The statistical evaluation produced an ME of 1.40 kg, an MAE of 9.31 kg, a MAPE of 1.89%, and an R² value of 0.9996, indicating excellent agreement between the two methods. Unlike previous studies that mainly compared total quantities, this study evaluates steel weight quantity take-off at the individual profile level, providing a more detailed assessment of Autodesk Revit accuracy for steel truss bridge structures. The findings demonstrate that Autodesk Revit 2025 is a reliable and effective tool for BIM-based steel quantity take-off.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mutiara Ramadhanis, Gunawan, Roma Dearni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEGAL REASONS FOR THE JUDGE'S BOARD OF JUDGES TO APPROVAL THE LAWSUIT FOR REVOCATION OF CHILD CURRICULUM RIGHTS WHICH HAS HAD PERMANENT LEGAL FORCE
This study aims to analyze the legal reasons for filing a lawsuit for revocation of child custody rights after a final and binding decision and to analyze the legal considerations of the panel of judges in Decision Number 42/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Prob. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statute approach and a case approach. The legal materials used consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials which are analyzed qualitatively using a descriptive-analytical method. The results of the study indicate that the lawsuit for revocation of child custody rights after a final and binding decision does not conflict with the principle of ne bis in idem or the principle of legal certainty as long as it is based on changes in circumstances that affect the child's best interests. In addition, this study found that the Panel of Judges correctly accepted and examined the lawsuit by basing its considerations on changes in circumstances and protection of the child's best interests. However, in terms of the construction of the ratio decidendi in the decision, there is still room for strengthening, especially in linking the facts proven in court with the application of the principle of best interests of the child.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ilham Indra Mulya, Dwi Aryanti Ramadhani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF PERIODIC TESTING FOR FREIGHT VEHICLES REGULATIONS
This study is motivated by the increasing number of traffic accidents caused by vehicle technical failures , primarily due to the ineffective implementation of periodic vehicle inspections . Periodic testing serves as a strategic legal instrument to ensure the roadworthiness of freight vehicles in terms of safety , operational efficiency , and environmental protection . However , the effectiveness of such regulations remains problematic , both in terms of normative quality and practical implementation . This research aims to analyze the legal framework governing periodic testing of freight vehicles and to evaluate its regulatory quality based on the standards of good legislation . This study employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches . The findings indicate that although several regulations exist , fundamental weaknesses remain in procedural provisions , supervision , authority , and sanctions that failed to provide deterrent effects . The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive evaluation of legal norms using clarity of law and adequacy indicators , linked to legal effectiveness in practice . This study concludes that legal policy reform is required through stronger sanction mechanisms , improved supervisory systems , and institutional harmonization to enhance compliance and reduce traffic accidents .
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Triardya Wiratama, Catharina Dewi Wulansari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MAKING SENSE OF DIGITAL VULNERABILITY: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF WOMEN'S LIVED EXPERIENCES IN NYENGSERET URBAN VILLAGE
The rapid development of digital technology has increased women's exposure to various forms of digital vulnerability, including online harassment, identity fraud, personal data misuse, online loan intimidation, and technology-facilitated sexual exploitation. While previous studies have primarily examined digital vulnerability from technological or cybersecurity perspectives, limited attention has been given to how women themselves interpret these experiences in their everyday lives. This study aims to explore how women in Nyengseret Urban Village, Bandung City, make meaning of digital vulnerability through their lived experiences. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with five female community leaders representing PKK, Working Group (Pokja), Posyandu, RT, and RW. The findings were analyzed using Sandra Harding's Feminist Standpoint Theory, encompassing situated knowledge, the privilege of the oppressed, experience as evidence, critique and reflexivity, and emancipatory goals. The findings reveal that digital vulnerability is not merely understood as a technological threat but as an experience that undermines women's sense of safety in everyday life. Women's knowledge of digital risks emerges from their social positions and shared community experiences, enabling them to recognize patterns of online fraud, digital sexual harassment, privacy violations, and financial exploitation. Furthermore, the study finds that women's collective experiences foster critical awareness, mutual support, and community-based strategies to address digital risks. Collaboration between the village government, universities, and law enforcement strengthens this process through digital literacy programs and the creation of safe spaces for sharing experiences without stigma. This study concludes that digital vulnerability is socially constructed through women's lived experiences and that community-based digital literacy serves as an emancipatory process that transforms individual vulnerability into collective resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aiza Nabilla Arifputri, Nofha Rina, Yuliani Rahma Putri, Diah Agung Esfandari, Raissa Azaria Arief, Sarah Derma Ekaputri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSION AS A QUASI-JUDICIAL INSTITUTION IN THE INDONESIAN STATE CONSTITUTION
The Information Commission plays a strategic role in ensuring the implementation of the right to public information while exercising quasi-judicial authority to resolve public information disputes through mediation and non-litigation adjudication. Despite being legally recognized as an independent institution under Law Number 14 of 2008 concerning Public Information Disclosure, questions remain regarding the extent of its institutional independence within Indonesia's constitutional system. This study aims to analyze the independence of the Information Commission as a quasi-judicial institution and to identify the legal and institutional challenges affecting its impartiality. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and doctrinal approaches by examining constitutional provisions, legislation, legal doctrines, and relevant literature. The findings indicate that although the Information Commission possesses adjudicative authority requiring impartiality and independence, its institutional autonomy has not been fully realized due to administrative and secretarial dependence on the executive, potential conflicts of interest, and governance arrangements that may undermine public confidence. These conditions weaken the effective implementation of its quasi-judicial functions. The study concludes that strengthening the Information Commission's independence requires not only regulatory reform but also improvements in institutional governance, organizational capacity, accountability mechanisms, and administrative autonomy. Such reforms are essential to reinforce legal certainty, safeguard objective dispute resolution, and enhance public trust in the constitutional protection of the right to information.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mizan Malik S, Arief Budiono, Nunik Nurhayati, Nuria Siswi Enggarani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A SIMPLE MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING MODEL FOR PROCESSED FOOD FARMER GROUPS TO SUPPORT VILLAGE FOOD SECURITY (CASE STUDY: BANDAR SETIA VILLAGE)
This study aims to develop a simple management accounting model for food processing farmer groups in Bandar Setia Village to support village food security. Many farmer groups lack manual financial record-keeping, fail to separate business and personal finances, and lack structured financial reporting, thereby hindering effective planning and decision-making. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design involving 80 members of food processing farmer groups in Bandar Setia Village. Data were collected through observation, interviews, document analysis, and focus group discussions (FGD). The results indicate that financial record-keeping practices are inconsistent and rely solely on memory, making it difficult to monitor costs, determine product prices, and evaluate business performance. Based on these findings, a simple management accounting model was designed, incorporating cash receipt and expenditure recording (via a general cash book), production cost calculations, cost of goods manufactured calculations, and pricing guidelines. The proposed model is practical, easy to implement using accessible language, and tailored to the specific needs and capabilities of the farmer groups. Implementation of this model is expected to improve financial management, support managerial decision-making, enhance business sustainability, and strengthen village food security through more effective management of local food resources.
Copyright (c) 2026 Leni Deli, Putri Nazli, Nur Anzelina Hrp, Reza Kurniawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PROTECTION OF THE SPATIAL RIGHTS OF THE GURABUNGA CUSTOMARY LAW COMMUNITY THROUGH THE DETERMINATION OF CUSTOMARY VILLAGES
This study analyzes in depth the urgency of establishing customary villages as an instrument for the protection of the spatial planning rights of Gurabunga customary law communities. This study will identify the legal and sociological implications of designation, as well as analyze the potential challenges and mitigation strategies needed to ensure the sustainability of the traditional rights of the Gurabunga people. Through a multidisciplinary approach, this research aims to present a comprehensive framework that can be adopted in efforts to protect and recognize the rights of indigenous peoples in Indonesia. This study will also highlight how overlapping regulations and conflicts of interest, especially related to land grabbing practices, often hinder the protection of indigenous peoples' rights despite existing regulations governing their existence in Indonesian law. The weakness of the implementation of recognition and respect for indigenous peoples is a fundamental problem that underlies discriminatory practices in government policies. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of establishing customary villages as a concrete step to strengthen the legal and cultural position of the Gurabunga community, in line with the constitutional mandate to respect their traditional identity and rights.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Barora Sinay, Sri Indriyani Umra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
JURIDICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE REVISION OF ARTICLE 47 OF THE TNI LAW ON CIVILIAN SUPREMACY IN INDONESIA
The revision of Article 47 of Law Number 3 of 2025 concerning Amendments to Law Number 34 of 2004 on the Indonesian National Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia/TNI) has generated debate within Indonesia’s constitutional system, particularly regarding the appointment of active TNI personnel to civilian positions. The expansion of such assignments raises questions concerning its consistency with the principles of civilian supremacy, military professionalism, and the merit system under Law Number 20 of 2023 on the State Civil Apparatus. This study aims to analyze the juridical implications of the revision of Article 47 from the perspective of constitutional law and to examine its conformity with the constitutional principles of the rule of law and post-1998 security sector reform. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and historical approaches through an analysis of primary and secondary legal materials. The findings indicate that, formally, the revision is valid as a legislative product; however, materially, it gives rise to potential normative tensions with the principles of civilian supremacy and the merit-based bureaucratic system. Therefore, more comprehensive implementing regulations and harmonization with civil service regulations are necessary to ensure that the appointment of active military personnel to civilian positions remains within the framework of the rule of law and constitutional democracy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fredrik Dian Panarawa, Karlinae D. Bangas, Ivans Januardy, Yacob F. Martono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN SHAPING THE CHARACTER OF GENERATION Z IN THE SOCIAL MEDIA ERA
This study discusses the role of Islamic education in shaping the character of Generation Z in the social media era. Generation Z has grown amid the rapid development of digital technology and social media, resulting in characteristics closely related to internet use, digital communication, and fast access to information. On the other hand, the growth of social media has also created several negative impacts, including moral decline, weak communication ethics, consumerist behavior, individualism, and low self-control among young people. This study employs a library research method by reviewing journals and literature related to Islamic education, Generation Z character development, and social media. The findings show that Islamic education has a strategic role in shaping Generation Z character through the internalization of moral values, strengthening spirituality, digital literacy, and learning that adapts to technological development. In addition, social media can be used as a more interactive, attractive, and relevant medium for Islamic Religious Education learning in accordance with the characteristics of Generation Z. Therefore, Islamic education needs to innovate technology-based learning in order to form a generation that is not only excellent in science and technology, but also possesses character, morals, and ethics in accordance with Islamic values.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Syawarnih, Umiarso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MODEL FOR SETTLING REGIONAL ELECTION DISPUTES THROUGH ELECTION COURTS
The German Constitutional Court was the first to implement constitutional complaints. It can serve as comparative models for granting the Indonesian Constitutional Court the authority to adjudicate constitutional complaints in the context of strengthening the fulfillment of economic, social, and cultural rights. The problem can be formulated as follows: How is the description of disputes over regional election results through election courts? And how effective is the resolution of disputes over regional election results through election courts? This research is a sociological juridical study, so the approaches used to solve the problems in this research are doctrinal and non-doctrinal approaches. Several key issues related to regional elections include the lack of good quality of regional election regulations; Regional General Elections Commission, the Elections Supervisory Committee, including the police, the prosecutor's office, and the courts; regional election disputes, including administrative disputes, election crimes, and election result disputes. To ensure effective and high-quality election dispute resolution, three stages of the regional election process must be regulated and implemented comprehensively and thoroughly. Criminal disputes must be resolved expeditiously by the relevant legal authorities before the vote count begins or at the latest before the election winner is declared.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Sumanta, Natangsa Surbakti, Nunik Nurhayati, Arief Budiono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF EGG FEEDING ON SERUM THIAMINE LEVELS IN CHILDREN WITH STUNTING USING THE ENZYME-LABELLED PROTEIN LIGAND ASSAY (ELPLA) METHOD
Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that remains a public health challenge in Indonesia and is associated with impaired linear growth, metabolic changes, and micronutrient deficiencies, including thiamine (vitamin B1). As an essential cofactor in energy metabolism, thiamine deficiency has the potential to exacerbate growth impairments in stunted children. This study aimed to assess thiamine levels using plasma samples from stunted children aged 24–59 months who had received a 30-day egg intervention and to compare them with healthy children. Thiamine levels were measured using the Enzyme-Labeled Protein Ligand Assay (ELPLA), an alternative method that is simpler and more economical than instrumental methods such as HPLC and fluorometry. The results showed that the mean thiamine levels increased from 1.06 ± 1.95 µg/mL to 3.76 ± 1.51 µg/mL after the intervention (p<0.001). Thiamine levels in stunted children before the intervention were lower than those in normal children (6.33 ± 0.57 µg/mL; p < 0.001) and remained lower after the intervention (p < 0.001). Thus, one month of egg consumption was associated with an increase in serum thiamine levels in stunted children, but it was not yet sufficient to restore levels to those of normal children.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andi Alelda Rara Fatimah, Dwirini Retno Gunarti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR CONSUMERS AGAINST MEDICINAL PRODUCTS THAT POSE HEALTH RISKS: OPTIMIZING THE SUPERVISORY ROLE OF THE INDONESIAN FOOD AND DRUG AUTHORITY (BPOM) FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE RULE OF LAW
As a rule of law state that embraces the welfare state concept, Indonesia has an affirmative obligation to safeguard the safety of its citizens through the supervision of high-risk pharmaceutical products. The 2022 outbreak of Atypical Progressive Acute Kidney Injury (APAKI), caused by contamination with Ethylene Glycol (EG) and Diethylene Glycol (DEG) in syrup-based medicinal products, which resulted in the deaths of 324 children, underscores the urgent need to reconstruct the pharmaceutical regulatory oversight system. This study employs a normative juridical research method using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that the pre-market and post-market supervisory functions carried out by the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM) have not been implemented optimally due to structural constraints, limited resources, and insufficient responsiveness to the evolving risks associated with modern pharmaceutical preparations. Grounded in the Responsive Law Theory and the concept of law as a tool of social engineering, the optimization of preventive and repressive legal protection for consumers must be achieved through the transformation of risk-based supervision, strengthening the accountability of state liability, digitalization of the pharmaceutical supply chain, and the integration of inter-institutional regulatory oversight. Keywords: Consumer Protection, Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM), Optimization of Regulatory Oversight, Rule of Law, High-Risk Medicinal Products.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aulia Jasmine Ayu Malika, Himawan Sugiharto, Soesi Idayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BEYOND BUILDING CONDITION ASSESSMENT: THE INTEGRATED SCHOOL REVITALIZATION PRIORITIZATION ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT (ISRPAI)
School revitalization programs are essential for ensuring the safety, functionality, and sustainability of educational infrastructure. However, existing school building assessment approaches primarily focus on physical building conditions and provide limited support for broader revitalization prioritization decisions. This study examines the current landscape of school infrastructure prioritization and school building assessment research and proposes an integrated assessment instrument for school revitalization prioritization. A literature review combined with bibliometric and thematic analyses was conducted using Scopus-indexed publications. Two datasets were analyzed: 108 articles related to school infrastructure prioritization and 46 articles related to school building assessment. Bibliometric mapping was performed using VOSviewer to identify dominant research themes, while thematic analysis was employed to synthesize assessment indicators and identify research gaps. The findings indicate that existing assessment approaches are predominantly oriented toward physical-condition indicators, including structural integrity, architectural deterioration, utility performance, and safety considerations. In contrast, educational demand, asset management, and regional context factors remain underrepresented despite their potential influence on revitalization priorities. Based on the identified gaps, this study proposes the Integrated School Revitalization Prioritization Assessment Instrument (ISRPAI), which comprises four dimensions: Building Condition, Educational Demand, Asset Management, and Regional Context. The instrument incorporates eleven indicators, including school capacity utilization, active classroom availability, land status, maintenance history, disaster vulnerability, accessibility, and socioeconomic conditions. The proposed ISRPAI extends conventional building condition assessment approaches by providing a more comprehensive basis for school revitalization prioritization and offers a conceptual foundation for future validation studies and decision-support systems in educational infrastructure planning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Paramitha Mega Putri, Fajar Sri Handayani, Ary Setyawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF HUMAN RESOURCE QUALITY AND GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON THE QUALITY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL REPORTS IN EAST LOMBOK REGENCY
This study aims to analyze the effect of human resource quality and the implementation of Government Accounting Standards (SAP) on the quality of financial reports of the East Lombok Regency Local Government, both partially and simultaneously. The study employed a quantitative approach using primary data collected through a questionnaire distributed to civil servants (ASN) working in the finance departments of Regional Government Agencies (OPD) in East Lombok Regency. The study population consisted of 86 individuals, and a saturation sampling technique was used. A total of 49 questionnaires were processed and analyzed using SPSS software through validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, t-tests, and the coefficient of determination. The results indicate that the quality of human resources and the implementation of Government Accounting Standards influence the quality of local government financial reports. Simultaneously, these two variables contribute to improving the quality of financial reports, making them relevant, reliable, comparable, and easy to understand. Therefore, enhancing the competence of civil servants and consistently implementing Government Accounting Standards are crucial factors in achieving accountable and transparent local financial management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Salsabila Salsabila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF CALL CENTER 110 SERVICE QUALITY ON PUBLIC SATISFACTION IN WEST TULANG BAWANG REGENCY
This study examines the effect of service quality delivered through the Indonesian National Police Call Center 110 on public satisfaction in West Tulang Bawang Regency. The research was motivated by variations in response speed, completion time, facility adequacy, and officer responsiveness reported by service users. An explanatory quantitative survey was conducted among 100 household heads selected through simple random sampling across nine districts. Data were collected using two ten-item Likert instruments measuring service quality and public satisfaction. All items were valid; Cronbach’s alpha values were 0.900 for service quality and 0.928 for public satisfaction. Descriptive results placed service quality at 72.68% and public satisfaction at 73.90%, both in the agree category. Simple linear regression produced Y = 23.277 + 0.376X, with R = 0.425 and R² = 0.181. The service-quality coefficient was positive and statistically significant (t = 4.652; p < 0.001). The findings indicate that better operator conduct, competence, communication, responsiveness, confidentiality, facilities, and service accuracy increase public satisfaction. Improvements should prioritize fast and precise responses and fair treatment for every caller.
Copyright (c) 2026 V. Saptarini, Erwan Sujana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEGAL CERTAINTY IN EVIDENCE MANAGEMENT AND CRIME-PROVED ASSETS
Study This analyze in a way normative arrangement law about management goods evidence and assets results crime in regulation applicable laws and regulations as well as evaluate its suitability with principle certainty law . The study was conducted through study law normative with approach legislation and conceptual , using material primary law in the form of the Criminal Procedure Code and laws sectoral related ( including the Corruption Eradication Law , the Money Laundering Law, and the Narcotics Law ), as well as material law secondary in the form of literature and articles scientific . Research results show that arrangement management goods evidence and assets results crime has provide base legality action confiscation , storage , return and seizure , including protection to party third party in good faith good . However , the settings are spread out in a number of regime law show trend potential fragmentation of norms cause difference interpretation and application . In perspective theory certainty law , condition the confirm the need harmonization and strengthening integration arrangements so that norms are more consistent , easy predicted, as well as give clear guidelines​ for enforcer law and parties interested .
Copyright (c) 2026 Amellia Dhini Pangestu, Rizki Setyobowo Sangalang, Claudia Yuni Pramita, Yurika Fahliany Dewi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN FATHERS AND DAUGHTERS IN RESTORING SELF-ESTEEM AFTER FAILING TO GAIN ADMISSION TO THEIR DREAM COLLEGE
This study aims to analyze and explore in depth how a father’s interpersonal communication helps restore his daughter’s self-esteem after she fails to gain admission to her dream college. This study employs a qualitative approach using descriptive methods. The study seeks to explain how the quality of communication within the family serves as a medium for restoring a daughter’s self-esteem following academic failure. In this study, the data collection procedure was designed in a planned manner to ensure that the information obtained was purely derived from the experiences of the subjects (children and fathers) and was free from the researcher's personal bias or assumptions.The data analysis in this study used a phenomenological approach to uncover the essence of the informants' experiences. The study’s findings, daughters perceive their fathers’ role in interpersonal communication as a form of emotional validation and a source of security that is crucial for rebuilding their self-confidence. This restoration of self-esteem is largely determined by the father’s ability to initiate openness without the pressure of authority.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Syarah Putri Pratama, Rita Destiwati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TEACHER EXPERIENCES IN A COLLABORATIVE ARTS PROJECT BETWEEN SCHOOLS AND ARTS COMMUNITIES IN LEARNING SEGO MEGONO DANCE AT STATE MIDDLE SCHOOL 12 PEKALONGAN
The development of digital technology has affected various areas of life, including art education and art learning in schools, now faced with the demands for significant change. Learning dance arts in schools has an important role in developing students' creativity, expression, and understanding of cultural values and students get deep and meaningful experiences. This study aims to describe and analyze the didactic and aesthetic experiences of teachers as well as the implications of collaborative art projects between schools and communities in the learning of Sego Megono Dance at SMP Negeri 12 Pekalongan. The method of this study is qualitative with an autoethnographic study approach. Autoethnography is a research method that combines an autobiographical approach with ethnography, in this case the researcher reflects on personal experiences in the social and cultural context of the local culinary Sego Megono which is interpreted through dance, to understand a phenomenon more deeply. The research procedure has several stages, namely the preparation stage, the research implementation stage, the data collection stage, the data analysis stage and the reporting stage. The results of the study show that the collaborative art project between schools and the art community in learning Sego Megono Dance reveals the didactic and aesthetic experiences of students, teachers and the art community in learning Sego Megono Dance at SMP Negeri 12 Pekalongan. This teacher's experience obtained new findings, namely students' interest in learning dance art increased, students became more interested and active and gained aesthetic experience from the dance art community and dance teachers. Teachers gain learning innovations, collaborative strategies and pedagogic reinforcement. The implications of collaborative art projects show that collaboration-based art learning can be a bridge between education and community culture. The collaboration not only strengthens the quality of art learning in schools, but also assists ARH Dance Management as an art community in introducing and promoting Sego Megono Dance through formal school education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fonny Arista, M. Jazuli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LIQUEFACTION SYSTEM DESIGN USING HYDRAULIC MECHANISM
Liquefaction is a natural disaster that cannot be predicted. Therefore a simulation tool is needed to determine the characteristics of the disaster, so that it can be reduced. This simulation tool moves on the x-axis and y-axis with the drive system using a hydraulic system. The purpose of this research is to measure the vibration parameters that arise in the liquefaction machine. In addition, to analyze the vibration system that arises in the liquefaction machine on the x-axis and y-axis. And the analysis method used is experiment. This mechanism is designed in 2 levels using 6 rollers on each floor. The speed and acceleration of the drive mechanism are able to describe the true state of liquefaction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Hardiman Nur Ramadhan, Resa Hardianto, Doohan Taqdissillah, Erwinda Fenty Anggraeni, Arfan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPLEMENTATION OF POSITIVE LAW IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM IN INDONESIA
The application of positive law in the Indonesian legal system is a manifestation of the principle of a state based on law, which prioritizes certainty through written legislation. This article aims to examine the implementation of written law in Indonesia by focusing on two main issues: (1) the effectiveness of the hierarchy of laws and regulations in ensuring legal certainty, and (2) the factors that cause the gap between written legal rules ( das sollen ) and law enforcement practices in the field ( das sein ). This article shows that although the hierarchical structure has been expressly regulated in Law No. 12 of 2011, its effectiveness is still hampered by the phenomenon of hyper-regulation and disharmony between sectoral regulations that trigger legal uncertainty. In addition, the gap between das sollen and das sein is triggered by the weak moral integrity of law enforcers and the legal culture of society that is not yet fully aligned with the text of the law. Suggestions are the need to strengthen the executive review and judicial review mechanisms to synchronize overlapping regulations, as well as restructuring the development system for law enforcement officers to bridge the value of substantive justice with the text of positive law.
Copyright (c) 2026 Endang Pandamdari, Dyah Setyorini, Gandes Candrakirana, Ignatius Pradipa Probondaru, Ignatius Pradipa Probondaru, Dwi Saleha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IDENTIFICATION OF ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS IN THE OLD TEUNGKU MOSQUE IN PUCOK KRUENG DISTRICT. PIDIE JAYA
The Tengku Old Mosque in Pucok Kreung is a historic building with significant architectural, cultural, and religious value for the community. As a building that has undergone development and change over time, the existence of architectural elements in this mosque needs to be identified and documented to maintain its character and authenticity. This study aims to identify the characteristics of architectural elements in the Tengku Old Mosque in Pucok Kreung through theory (Ching, 2007; Naibaho & Pakpahan, 2024). The elements analyzed include floors, walls, columns or supporting structures, doors, windows, ventilation, ceilings, and roofs. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection was carried out through field observations, documentation, and interviews with parties knowledgeable about the history and development of the mosque. Data analysis was carried out by identifying the physical condition, function, visual or aesthetic, and symbolic value contained in each architectural element. The results show that the Tengku Old Mosque in Pucok Kreung still retains most of the characteristics of traditional architectural elements that reflect the architectural identity of ancient mosques in Aceh. Each element has a structural and spatial function that supports worship activities, while also containing aesthetic and symbolic values ​​that enhance the building's character. Although some elements have undergone changes due to renovations and functional needs, the mosque's primary character as a historic building is still recognizable through its form, materials, and architectural arrangement. This research is expected to serve as a reference in efforts to preserve and develop historic mosque buildings while still maintaining their architectural values.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sulwana Suci, Cut Azmah Fithri, Hendra Aiyub https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
“As a rule of law state that embraces the welfare state concept, Indonesia has an affirmative obligation to safeguard the safety of its citizens through the supervision of high-risk pharmaceutical products. The 2022 outbreak of Atypical Progressive Acute Kidney Injury (APAKI), caused by contamination with Ethylene Glycol (EG) and Diethylene Glycol (DEG) in syrup-based medicinal products, which resulted in the deaths of 324 children, underscores the urgent need to reconstruct the pharmaceutical regulatory oversight system. This study employs a normative juridical research method using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that the pre-market and post-market supervisory functions carried out by the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM) have not been implemented optimally due to structural constraints, limited resources, and insufficient responsiveness to the evolving risks associated with modern pharmaceutical preparations. Grounded in the Responsive Law Theory and the concept of law as a tool of social engineering, the optimization of preventive and repressive legal protection for consumers must be achieved through the transformation of risk-based supervision, strengthening the accountability of state liability, digitalization of the pharmaceutical supply chain, and the integration of inter-institutional regulatory oversight.
INDONESIAN GREEN TAXONOMY AND SUSTAINABLE FINANCING GOVERNANCE: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE SUSTAINABILITY REPORT OF BANK SYARIAH INDONESIA LIMITED COMPANY
Economic development focused solely on financial gain has triggered various environmental damages. In response to this problem, the banking sector is now required to implement sustainable financing principles. Unlike previous studies that generally only discuss sustainable finance descriptively, this article's novelty lies in the development of integrated compliance parameters—based on the Green Taxonomy, POJK No. 51/POJK.03/2017, IFRS S1/S2, and Maqashid Syariah—to critically assess the risk of greenwashing in Islamic banks. This study aims to analyze the Indonesian Green Taxonomy criteria as a banking governance standard and to examine the conformity of Bank Syariah Indonesia Limited Company’s (BSI) Sustainability Report to these guidelines. Using a normative juridical approach, this study finds that BSI has a dual responsibility: compliance with state regulations (POJK No. 51/POJK.03/2017) and compliance with the principles of environmental preservation in Islam (Hifz al-Bi'ah). The results of the study indicate that compliance with the Green Taxonomy instrument is very important to prevent the practice of manipulating environmentally friendly images (greenwashing), so that the distribution of bank funds is proven to be in line with the constitutional mandate and human responsibility to protect the earth.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hidayah ken Kinasih, Wardah Yuspin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Inclusive Education and Academic Achievement of Students with Visual Impairment: Challenges, Opportunities, and Evidence-Based Practices
Inclusive education has become a central policy goal in special education systems worldwide, yet its implementation for learners with visual impairment continues to raise questions about access, equity, and academic outcomes. This paper reviews the theoretical foundations, empirical literature, and practical realities associated with educating students with visual impairment in general education classrooms. It examines the barriers that limit meaningful participation, including inaccessible curricula, insufficient teacher preparation, limited availability of adapted materials, and attitudinal obstacles among peers and staff. It also considers the opportunities that inclusive settings offer for social integration, self-determination, and exposure to grade-level academic content. Drawing on evidence-based practices such as expanded core curriculum instruction, universal design for learning, collaborative teaching models, and structured orientation and mobility programming, the paper proposes a framework for improving academic achievement while preserving the disability-specific supports that learners with visual impairment require. The discussion concludes that inclusion is not merely physical placement but a set of conditions that must be deliberately engineered, resourced, and monitored if it is to translate into improved literacy, numeracy, and long-term postsecondary outcomes for this population.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dheeraj Kumar Nagar, Mr. Hasan Deen Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST ILLEGAL MINING IN DECISION NUMBER 376/Pid.Sus-LH/2024/PN Bls
This study examines law enforcement and the grounds for judges' considerations regarding unlicensed mining criminal acts, focusing on the case study of Decision Number 376/Pid.Sus-LH/2024/PN Bls. Although the Minerba Law strictly regulates criminal sanctions, field implementation and supervision are deemed suboptimal due to the rampant occurrences of illegal mining across various regions. This unauthorized activity has broad impacts on ecological aspects (forest and environmental degradation, river pollution), economic aspects (state revenue losses), and social aspects (disruptions to public order). Utilizing a normative legal approach, this research aims to analyze law enforcement patterns and the judges' juridical arguments in rendering decisions based on the study of relevant regulations, literature, and court documents.
Copyright (c) 2026 Della Mairinanda Putri, Sukmareni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FRUSTRATION AND VERBAL AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WHO PLAY MOBILE LEGENDS: BANG BANG
The development of competitive online games such as Mobile Legends: Bang Bang has become an integral part of university students’ lives and has introduced complex emotional dynamics in digital interactions. One emotion that frequently emerges during gameplay is frustration, which may be expressed through verbal aggressive behavior. This study aimed to examine the relationship between frustration and verbal aggressive behavior among university students who play Mobile Legends: Bang Bang. The study employed a quantitative approach with a correlational design and involved 250 active university students from various higher education institutions in Indonesia who played Mobile Legends: Bang Bang for at least two hours per day. Data were collected using the Frustration Scale and the Verbal Aggression Scale (VAS), both of which have been adapted into Indonesian. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation analysis. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between frustration and verbal aggressive behavior, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.665 and p < 0.001, indicating that higher levels of frustration experienced during gameplay are associated with a greater tendency to display verbal aggressive behavior, and conversely, lower levels of frustration are associated with a lower tendency toward verbal aggression. This study implies that emotional regulation, particularly in managing frustration, is an important aspect in minimizing verbal aggressive behavior among university students in the context of competitive online games such as Mobile Legends: Bang Bang.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ade Christian Dillak, Dewita Karema Sarajar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
OPTIMIZATION OF LSTM HYPERPARAMETERS USING GREY WOLF OPTIMIZATION AND HYPERBAND FOR PREDICTING BRI STOCK PRICES
This research compares the performance of the Hyperband and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithms in optimizing the hyperparameters of the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model for predicting the stock price of Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI). Stock price prediction is a complex problem due to the dynamic and nonlinear characteristics of time series data. The dataset used consists of historical BRI stock data for the 2018-2025 period, obtained from Yahoo Finance. The optimization process was performed on several LSTM hyperparameters, including units, learning rate, dropout, optimizer, batch size, and epoch. Model performance was evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The results show that the LSTM-GWO model outperforms the LSTM-Hyperband model, with an RMSE of 75.93 compared to 77.60. However, Hyperband is more computationally efficient than GWO. The findings indicate that the GWO algorithm is more effective at improving prediction accuracy, while Hyperband excels in tuning efficiency. This study is expected to contribute to the development of hyperparameter optimization methods for deep learning models used in time-series-based stock price prediction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eko Budi Pratama, Rudi Nurdiansyah; Muhammad Ali Ridho, Irsyad Khoirun Ramadhan, Ibnu Toharri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF NON-FINANCIAL COMPENSATION ON TURNOVER INTENTION OF GENERATION Z EMPLOYEES IN THE FOOD & BEVERAGES INDUSTRY WITH JOB SATISFACTION AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE
The high rate of employee turnover in the Food & Beverages industry has become a major challenge for companies in retaining human resources, particularly Generation Z employees who possess distinct work characteristics and expectations compared to previous generations. This study aims to analyze the effect of non-financial compensation on turnover intention among Generation Z employees in the Food & Beverages industry in East Medan District, with job satisfaction serving as a mediating variable. This research employed a quantitative approach using an accidental sampling technique. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with the assistance of SmartPLS 4 software. The results indicate that non-financial compensation has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention and a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Furthermore, job satisfaction has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention. The findings also reveal that job satisfaction mediates the relationship between non-financial compensation and turnover intention. These results suggest that providing adequate non-financial compensation, such as recognition, career development opportunities, supportive work environments, and positive workplace relationships, can enhance job satisfaction and reduce Generation Z employees' intention to leave the organization. The study contributes to the human resource management literature and provides practical implications for companies in developing effective employee retention strategies for Generation Z workers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suci Indah Syafitri, Rahdini Rizki Saragih, Naomi Karina Hutagalung, Siti Nurrahmawati Novitasari Hasyim, Ahmad Kodri Fauzi Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SUPERVISORY MECHANISMS IN CONSUMER PROTECTION FOR FLIGHT DELAYS (COMPARATIVE STUDY: INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA)
Flight delays remain a recurring issue that harms air transport consumers in both Indonesia and Malaysia. This study aims to comparatively analyze the consumer protection oversight mechanisms for flight delays in both countries in order to formulate an ideal supervisory model. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, analyzed through Philipus M. Hadjon's theory of preventive legal protection and Lawrence M. Friedman's legal system theory. The findings show that oversight in Indonesia under PM 89/2015 remains administrative-reactive and involves multiple institutions (DJPU, BPKN, BPSK), while Malaysia's MACPC 2016 applies a more preventive and integrated continuous compliance monitoring system through MAVCOM/CAAM. The study recommends an ideal supervisory model for Indonesia that integrates administrative, operational, and continuous compliance oversight, supported by risk-based supervision and financial sanctions, to strengthen consumer rights protection preventively and sustainably.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agus Mahardika, Ema Nurkhaerani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE PHENOMENON OF EMPTY BOXES IN THE 2024 REGIONAL ELECTIONS IN PAKPAK BHARAT DISTRICT: ANALYSIS OF ISLAMIC POLITICAL THOUGHT
One of the phenomena that has drawn attention in the practice of local democracy in Indonesia is the emergence of a single candidate pair competing against the “empty box” option in regional head elections. This situation reflects issues in democratic competition, the dominance of political party coalitions, and weaknesses in the political recruitment process. The election of the Regent and Deputy Regent of Pakpak Bharat in 2024 serves as a concrete example, where only one candidate pair contested against the empty box. This study aims to analyze the empty box phenomenon in the 2024 Regional Head Election of Pakpak Bharat and to examine it from the perspective of Islamic political thought. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected through interviews with informants from the General Election Commission (KPU), the Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu), religious leaders, community members, and political parties in Pakpak Bharat, supported by documentation studies of legislation, academic journals, and media reports. The findings reveal that the empty box phenomenon in Pakpak Bharat was influenced by the dominance of a coalition of eleven political parties that supported a single candidate pair, resulting in an unbalanced electoral competition. The absence of independent candidates or alternative pairs meeting the nomination requirements left the public with only two choices: supporting the sole candidate pair or voting for the empty box. From the perspective of Islamic political thought, this condition indicates the suboptimal implementation of the principle of shura (consultation) in recruitment and raises issues of democratic legitimacy due to the limited political leadership options available to society. The study concludes that the empty box phenomenon is a consequence of elite dominance and political party coalitions in the nomination process, which negatively impacts the quality of local democracy. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen more inclusive political recruitment mechanisms and to implement Islamic political values that uphold the principles of shura, justice, trustworthiness (amanah), and public participation in the democratic process.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lolo Ate Karina Berutu, Zulkarnain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR PERPETRATORS OF AGGRAVATED THEFT: AN ANALYSIS OF DECISION NUMBER 157/PID.B/2025/PN BTA
Aggravated theft remains a persistent conventional crime that harms individuals and disrupts public order. This study examines the factors contributing to aggravated theft and evaluates the criminal liability of the perpetrator in Decision Number 157/Pid.B/2025/PN Bta. The research applies normative and empirical legal approaches. Primary data were obtained through interviews with an investigator of the East OKU Police, a public prosecutor at the East OKU District Prosecutor's Office, and a judge of the Baturaja District Court, while secondary data were collected from legislation, judicial decisions, legal scholarship, and relevant journal articles. The data were processed through editing, classification, and systematization and were then analyzed qualitatively. The findings show that the offense was influenced by the social environment, social interaction and communication, the learning of criminal techniques, economic motives accompanied by rationalization, and the dominance of definitions favorable to lawbreaking. These factors are consistent with Sutherland's differential association theory. The defendant was criminally liable because the elements of the offense, fault, capacity for responsibility, and absence of excuses were established. The court imposed two years' imprisonment.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Ketut Seregig, Rachmat Fadhil Pradhana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF CHILDREN AS PERPETRATORS OF AGGRAVATED THEFT (A STUDY OF DECISION NUMBER 19/PID.SUS-ANAK/2025/PN.MGL)
One crime involving children as perpetrators is the crime of theft under aggravating circumstances, as decided by the Menggala District Court in Case Number 19/Pid.Sus-Anak/2025/PN.Mgl with a child defendant. The question is: What are the factors that cause children to commit the crime of theft under aggravating circumstances based on Decision Number 19/Pid.Sus-Anak/2025/PN.Mgl? And how are children held accountable as perpetrators of the crime of theft under aggravating circumstances based on Decision Number 19/Pid.Sus-Anak/2025/PN.Mgl? The research method is through a normative legal approach and an empirical approach using secondary and primary data. Next, a qualitative legal data analysis was conducted, namely by describing the resulting data in the form of explanations or sentence descriptions arranged systematically. The results of the study, that the factors causing children to commit the crime of theft under aggravating circumstances based on Decision Number 19/Pid.Sus-Anak/2025/PN.Mgl include an environment that provides opportunities to commit crimes, a social environment that provides examples and role models and an economic environment, poverty and misery. The responsibility of the child as the perpetrator of the crime of theft under aggravating circumstances based on Decision Number 19/Pid.Sus-Anak/2025/PN.Mgl was declared legally and convincingly proven guilty of violating Article 363 paragraph (1) 4th and 5th of the Criminal Code with a sentence of imprisonment in a Special Child Development Institution (LPKA) for 1 (one) month. Parents are advised to monitor their children's behavior, especially regarding the negative impacts of social interactions in their neighborhood, thereby minimizing the occurrence of aggravated theft by children.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yunialba Tibrizi Triu Usman, Baharudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SUPERVISION OF VILLAGE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN BANTARKAWUNG DISTRICT, BREBES REGENCY
The Subdistrict Head (Camat) holds a strategic role and position as a regional government apparatus responsible for exercising general governmental authority as well as providing guidance and supervision over the implementation of village governance within the subdistrict's jurisdiction. The Camat coordinates the administration of government, development, and community affairs. These responsibilities encompass various aspects, one of which is village financial management, which has become a significant issue in regional governance. In Bantarkawung District, Brebes Regency, for example, administrative problems in village financial management still persist, including delays in reporting, errors in budget recording, and weak technical guidance from the subdistrict administration. This study aims to examine the legal basis and the implementation of the Camat's authority in Bantarkawung District, Brebes Regency, as well as to identify the obstacles encountered and the efforts undertaken to optimize the role of the Camat in the guidance and supervision of village financial management. This research employs a normative juridical legal research method, focusing on regulations related to the supervision of village financial management using qualitative analysis. This study is also expected to provide input for policymakers, regional governments, and supervisory institutions in developing a guidance and supervision system that is more effective, efficient, and equitable. Keywords: Guidance and Supervision, Role of the Camat, Village Finance
Copyright (c) 2026 Agus Prasetyo, Imawan Sugiharto, Moh.Taufik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CRIMINAL LAW ANALYSIS OF HEALTH SERVICE PRACTICES CARRIED OUT BY NON-HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL
Practice service health carried out by individuals without permit and not Health Workers still often occurs in society. Practice the cause risk for safety patients and violate provision law . Research This aim For analyze law criminal to practice service health services carried out by non- health workers. The methods used is study law normative with approach regulatory and conceptual . Research results show that actions the including action criminal Because done without legitimate authority . In​ drop criminal , the judge considers element error , consequence for the victims, as well as attitude defendant during trial . Enforcement law This expected can cause effect deterrent , protect society , and realize certainty law in the field service health .
Copyright (c) 2026 Ervia Intan Nuraini, Karlinae D. Bangas, Claudia Yuni Pramita, Yacob Ferdinan M https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EMPLOYEE RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT IN THE PROCESS OF BUREAUCRATIC SIMPLIFICATION AT THE REGIONAL OFFICE OF THE DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF CUSTOMS AND EXCISE IN NORTH SUMATRA
This study aims to analyze factors influencing employee resistance in the bureaucratic simplification process at the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise in North Sumatra. This reform aims to create a more agile and responsive organization. However, it triggers both positive and negative responses from employees. A quantitative approach was applied with 141 respondents. Variables include communication, participation, resources, transformational leadership, trust in management, future clarity, and organizational justice. The findings reveal that participation, trust in management, future clarity, and organizational justice significantly affect resistance to change. Furthermore, trust and future clarity act as mediating variables between resources and resistance. These findings highlight the importance of transparency, fairness, and employee involvement in change management strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fathurohman, Nazaruddin, Isfenti Sadalia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF FRAUD PENTAGON ON FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD WITH COMPANY SIZE AS A MODERATING VARIABLE IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE FOR THE PERIOD 2021–2024
This study aims to analyze the effect of the fraud pentagon, proxied by financial targets, financial stability, ineffective monitoring, auditor changes, changes in directors, and the frequency of CEO photos, on financial statement fraud, and to examine the moderating role of firm size. The population consists of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2021 to 2024. Using purposive sampling, a sample of 130 companies was obtained, totaling 520 observations. Financial statement fraud was measured using the Fraud Score Model (F-Score). Data analysis was conducted using panel data regression with the Common Effect Model (CEM) approach via EViews 12. The results show that financial targets have a positive and significant effect on financial statement fraud. Conversely, financial stability, ineffective monitoring, auditor changes, changes in directors, and the frequency of CEO photos have no significant effect. Simultaneously, all independent variables significantly influence financial statement fraud. Furthermore, firm size does not moderate any of these relationships. These findings indicate that the pressure to achieve financial targets is the main driver of financial statement fraud in manufacturing companies
Copyright (c) 2026 Enzlika Mirandha, Erlina, Ibnu Austrindanney Sina Azhar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
WEIGHTING ANALYSIS CRIMINALIZATION IN CRIME FILICIDE CRIME BASED ON PERSPECTIVE CRIMINOLOGY (THEORY POSITIVIS CRIMINAL)
Filicide is a criminal act of murder committed by a parent against their own child, becoming one of the most complex forms of crime criminologically because the perpetrator is the party who is legally most responsible for the victim's safety. This study examines the provisions for aggravating filicide punishments in Indonesian positive law and analyzes the perpetrator's criminogenic factors through the perspective of the criminal positivist theory developed by Lombroso, Ferri, and Garofalo. The method used is a juridical-normative with a literature study of several court decisions. The results of the study indicate that the judge's considerations in aggravating punishments have not fully integrated the perpetrator's biological, sociological, and psychological factors systematically, so that standardized criminological guidelines are needed to produce more proportional and just decisions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jevon Verrell Yosuaria Sitompul https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PATIENT CARE MANAGERS AND INTEGRATED PROGRESS NOTES DOCUMENTATION IN RELATION TO INTERPROFESSIONAL JOB SATISFACTION: A SYSTEMATIC MIXED STUDIES REVIEW
Effective interprofessional collaboration is increasingly recognized as a key determinant of patient safety, continuity of care, and healthcare worker satisfaction. Within this context, patient care managers and integrated progress notes documentation may function as important mechanisms for coordinating care across disciplines and supporting interprofessional job satisfaction. However, empirical evidence synthesizing the relationship between care coordination roles, shared documentation practices, and job satisfaction remains limited. This systematic mixed studies review aimed to synthesize evidence on the relationship between patient care managers, integrated progress notes documentation, and interprofessional job satisfaction across healthcare settings. A systematic mixed studies review was conducted using a convergent integrated approach. Studies were identified from major databases and screened according to predefined inclusion criteria focused on care coordination roles, integrated progress notes, and interprofessional job satisfaction. The final synthesis included six studies spanning primary care, acute care, geriatric practice, home healthcare, and interprofessional collaboration platforms. The review found that interprofessional job satisfaction was shaped by four interrelated domains: organisational context, digital documentation design, role clarity, and adaptation over time. Integrated progress notes and collaborative documentation systems facilitated communication, reduced duplication, and improved workflow efficiency when aligned with team needs and organisational support. Conversely, role ambiguity, hierarchical relationships, fragmented systems, and resistance to change weakened collaboration and reduced professional satisfaction. Across the included studies, patient care managers emerged as important coordinators who can strengthen shared documentation, promote team cohesion, and support person-centred care. These findings suggest that sustainable improvements require role clarity, shared accountability, interoperable documentation tools, and interprofessional training to strengthen teamwork and workforce well-being.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Hidayah, Dyah Wiji Puspita Sari, Herry Susanto, Nopi Nur Khasanah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF THE HEAD PHARMACIST’S LEADERSHIP STYLE AND ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT ON PHARMACY TEAM PERFORMANCE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE SUCCESS OF DRUG THERAPY IN MELINDA HOSPITALS
This study aims to analyze the effect of the head pharmacist’s leadership style and organizational support on the success of drug therapy through the performance of the pharmacy team in a hospital setting. It is motivated by the importance of effective leadership and organizational support in improving team performance and patient therapy outcomes. This study employed a quantitative method with descriptive and verificative approaches. The population consisted of pharmacy personnel, with total sampling used to obtain 48 respondents. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and mediation analysis with the PROCESS Macro (Hayes). Statistical tests included validity, reliability, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination using SPSS. The results showed that the head pharmacist’s leadership style and organizational support significantly affect pharmacy team performance. Pharmacy team performance also has a significant effect on the success of drug therapy. In addition, leadership style and organizational support have a direct effect on therapy success. Mediation analysis indicated that pharmacy team performance acts as a mediating variable in the relationship between leadership style, organizational support, and drug therapy success. In conclusion, drug therapy success is influenced both directly and indirectly through improved pharmacy team performance. Therefore, hospitals should strengthen leadership practices and organizational support
Copyright (c) 2026 Fransisca Intan Marulita, Haddan Dongoran, Rukhiyat Syahidin, Ayu Laili Rahmiyati, Farida Yuliaty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
VISUAL ANALYSIS OF BUILDING DAMAGE LEVEL AT SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY DORMITORY
The structural integrity of a building is a primary parameter in ensuring the safety and security of its occupants. Over time, structural and non-structural performance tends to degrade due to building age, environmental factors, and usage intensity. This study aims to analyze the physical damage level of Building E at the Sebelas Maret University (UNS) Student Dormitory to provide a technical basis for building maintenance and repair management. The research methodology involved a technical evaluation through visual inspection of both structural and non-structural elements. The analysis results indicate that within the structural elements, the highest damage percentage was found in beams at 20.43%, followed by columns at 0.16%, while stair elements showed no damage. Regarding non-structural elements, the dominant damage occurred in wall finishing/paint at 6.86%, followed by ceilings at 1.96%, and window components at 0.5%. Other elements, including light brick walls, doors, and floor coverings, remained in good condition with no identified damage. The cumulative calculation shows that the total damage percentage for Building E of the UNS Student Dormitory is 3.28%. Based on building damage classifications, this value falls well below the 30% threshold, categorizing the building as having light damage. As a follow-up measure, optimization of periodic preventive maintenance management is required to prevent further degradation and ensure the long-term functional sustainability of the building.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anton Aminanto, Ary Setyawan, Dewi Handayani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BAN ON THE USE OF FISHING GEAR WHAT IS NOT ALLOWED BASED ON FISHERIES LAW CASE STUDY: JURU BANU VILLAGE
The use of prohibited fishing gear is still frequently found in various Indonesian waters and has a negative impact on the sustainability of fishery resources and violates the provisions of the Fisheries Law. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the ban on the use of prohibited fishing gear by related parties and examine the obstacles faced in its implementation. The research method used is empirical legal research with a field approach through interviews. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the ban has been carried out by law enforcement officers and related agencies through supervision, enforcement, and socialization to fishing communities. However, in its implementation, various obstacles remain, including low public legal awareness, limited supervisory facilities and infrastructure, and economic factors that encourage fishermen to continue using prohibited fishing gear. Therefore, increased coordination between related parties and ongoing educational efforts are needed to increase the effectiveness of the ban's implementation and protect the sustainability of fishery resources.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vanesya Chrismatiur Pasaribu, H.Suriansyah Murhaini, Yurika Fahliany Dewi, Aris Toteles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY-BASED WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICIES IN THE CITY OF WAIKABUBAK
Waste management in Waikabubak City continues to face various challenges, including increasing waste generation, limited infrastructure, inadequate technology, and low community participation, resulting in suboptimal environmental sustainability. This study aims to analyze the sustainability status of community-based waste management policies and evaluate the operational effectiveness of the existing waste management system. A mixed-methods approach with a descriptive-analytical design was employed. Sustainability was assessed using the Rapid Appraisal for Waste (RapWaste) approach based on Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS), while operational effectiveness was evaluated using the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) method. Primary data were collected through observations, interviews, questionnaires, and focus group discussions, supplemented by secondary data from government reports and policy documents. The results indicate that the overall sustainability index reached 46.21, classifying waste management in Waikabubak City as less sustainable. The institutional dimension achieved the highest score (56.59), whereas the technology dimension recorded the lowest (25.27), highlighting technology as the main priority for improvement. Furthermore, the OEE value of 21.587% indicates that operational effectiveness remains low despite a high availability rate (96.15%), primarily due to limited performance and poor waste processing quality. These findings imply that sustainable waste management requires integrated policy interventions focusing on technological innovation, infrastructure improvement, stronger institutional capacity, community participation, and the implementation of circular economy principles to achieve environmentally sustainable waste management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Timotius Haru Mbaha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
GROWTH PATTERNS OF MSMEs THROUGH THE USE OF DIGITAL PLATFORMS: A CASE STUDY OF MARKETPLACE ADOPTION IN THE FASHION SECTOR
The digitization of MSMEs is commonly understood through a dichotomy that positions marketplaces as neutral instruments, while business actors are viewed as the sole source of agency. This perspective overlooks how entrepreneurs’ goals, strategies, and decisions are shaped through their interactions with digital platforms. This article examines the adoption of the Shopee marketplace by two fashion SMEs in West Java, Fameloriginal and Naylatuhijab, through the lens of Actor–Network Theory (ANT), using Bruno Latour’s concept of translation as the primary analytical framework, complemented by Michel Callon’s concept of market performativity. A qualitative case study approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews with both business owners. The findings indicate that, in these two cases, the shift to Shopee constituted a detour that not only changed sales channels but also redirected entrepreneurs’ goals toward new strategies, including social media integration, influencer collaborations, multiple store accounts, and official websites. Shopee’s visibility algorithm appeared to mediate sellers’ decisions, while differences in resource capacity were associated with distinct adaptation patterns between the two SMEs. These findings suggest that, in the cases examined, marketplaces functioned not merely as neutral transaction platforms but as market agencements that shaped entrepreneurial practices while exposing limitations in platform support. Accordingly, policies promoting MSME digitalization should move beyond encouraging onboarding toward strengthening platform governance, particularly by improving transparency and the distribution of algorithmic visibility to better support the long-term sustainability and competitiveness of MSMEs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Risky Utama, Ghani Hakim Ramdhani, Shafyra Amani, Mega Tri Wulandari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF BANKRUPTCY DECISIONS IN CORPORATIONS DURING THE HOMOLOGATION PROCESS AND THEIR IMPACT ON LEGAL CERTAINTY
This study discusses legal issues regarding bankruptcy judgments issued against companies that are or have undergone the homologation process in the Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU). In the bankruptcy legal system in Indonesia, homologation is the final stage of the PKPU which aims to provide an opportunity for debtors and creditors to reach a legally binding peace agreement. However, in practice, there is a missynchronization between the applicability of homologation and the possibility of bankruptcy applications, which raises debates about legal certainty and protection for the parties. This study uses a normative juridical approach with qualitative analysis methods of laws and regulations, doctrines, and case studies of court decisions. The results of the study show that although legally a bankruptcy judgment can be rendered against debtors who have undergone the homologation process, it can only be done if there is a real breach of the content of the agreement, and after the homologation is canceled through a valid legal mechanism. In addition, the implementation of the bankruptcy process that continues during the cassation of the bankruptcy decision that has not been decided in a binding manner can cause legal uncertainty that is detrimental to both debtors and creditors. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen regulations and stricter judicial guidelines regarding the prohibition or limitation of bankruptcy filings as long as the homologation is still valid, as well as an automatic postponement mechanism for the bankruptcy process during legal proceedings. This is important to maintain the function of PKPU as a means of business rehabilitation and ensure the principles of legal certainty and justice for all parties.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sharon Dwi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES IN TOURISM EDUCATION: A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF PEDAGOGICAL TRENDS AND CURRICULUM GAPS
This study examines the trends, gaps, and future directions of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) in tourism higher education.ESP in tourism is essential for preparing students to communicate professionally in global service contexts, yet many curricula still focus mainly on linguistic knowledge rather than authentic workplace communication. This study employed a qualitative descriptive design through a literature review of scholarly sources related to ESP, tourism education, hospitality communication, curriculum development, and professional communication. The findings show that tourism ESP instruction has shifted toward communicative, task-based, and scenario-based learning. However, gaps remain in students’ psychological readiness, willingness to communicate, intercultural competence, and ability to respond spontaneously in real service encounters. The study highlights the need for a holistic ESP curriculum that integrates linguistic competence, emotional preparedness, intercultural awareness, digital communication skills, and authentic workplace practices. Such integration can better prepare tourism students to become confident, adaptive, and professional service practitioners in international contexts.
Debora Jesika Sihotang, Putri Rohni Sitio
Copyright (c) 2026 Bahagia Saragih, Ayu Lestari, Ameera Fadhillah, Najwa Kamila Harpan, Sefrina Anastasya Simbolon, Maharani Yasika, Aqsha Dinanti, Muthia Fitriani, Yohana Putri S. Simanjuntak, Priska Oktaviani Br Ginting, Gloria Pasca Simarmata, Tengku Hastridilla, Sarah Hendratno Simanjutak, Debora Jesika Sihotang, Putri Rohni Sitio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF WORKFORCE RECRUITMENT AND PLACEMENT ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION AT PT CIPTA AGRO NUSANTARA 3
Study This aim For analyze influence recruitment and placement power Work to satisfaction Work employees of PT Cipta Agro Nusantara 3. Research This use approach quantitative with method survey . Population study totaling 49 employees and all population made into sample use technique sample saturated . Data collected through distribution questionnaire and analyzed use multiple linear regression with SPSS version 25 assistance . Research results show that recruitment No influential significant to satisfaction work , while placement power Work influential positive and significant to satisfaction work . In a way simultaneous recruitment and placement​ power Work influential positive and significant to satisfaction work . Variable recruitment and placement power Work capable explain amounting to 26.9% variation satisfaction work , while the rest influenced by other factors outside the research model . The findings study show that accuracy placement power Work be one of factor important in increase satisfaction Work employees of PT Cipta Agro Nusantara 3.
Copyright (c) 2026 Febyola Fraselya, Andi Indriani Ibrahim, Niluh Putu Evvy Rossanty, Moh. Ali Murad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LEGAL REGULATIONS ON PEOPLE'S BUSINESS CREDIT ON THE INCREASE OF MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (Case Study of PT Bank Mandiri Binjai Branch)
People's Business Credit (KUR) is a government policy aimed at expanding access to financing for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Even though it is supported by various regulations, the implementation of KUR still faces problems, especially regarding the application of the precautionary principle, understanding additional collateral, and the effectiveness of legal protection for debtors. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of KUR legal regulations at PT Bank Mandiri Binjai Branch, its conformity with statutory provisions, and the effectiveness of its implementation based on Soerjono Soekanto's theory of legal effectiveness. The research uses empirical juridical methods with a descriptive analytical approach. Primary data was obtained through interviews and observations, while secondary data was obtained through literature study of relevant laws and regulations, books, journals and literature. The research results show that the implementation of KUR at PT Bank Mandiri Binjai Branch is in accordance with Law Number 10 of 1998 concerning Banking, Law Number 20 of 2008 concerning MSMEs, Government Regulation Number 7 of 2021, and Regulation of the Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs Number 3 of 2024. The application of the precautionary principle is carried out through business feasibility analysis, field surveys, credit history checks, and the application of moral obligations that are not categorized as collateral. additional. Based on the analysis of legal effectiveness theory, the implementation of KUR regulations has been effective from the aspects of law, law enforcement, facilities, society and culture, although increased socialization is still needed to strengthen public understanding of KUR provisions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shaila Aulia Prilini, M. Rizal, M. Hum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF DIRECT CASH ASSISTANCE IMPLEMENTATION AND VILLAGE FUND POLICY ON COMMUNITY WELFARE IN GAMPONG LAMBHUK, ULEE KARENG
This study analyzes the effect of Direct Cash Assistance (BLT) implementation and Village Fund policy on community welfare in Gampong Lambhuk, Ulee Kareng District. It employed an explanatory quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design. The population consisted of 149 BLT recipients, and a sample of 109 respondents was determined using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, data-quality tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination. The results show that BLT implementation has a positive and significant effect on community welfare (B = 0.522; t = 5.615; p < 0.001). Village Fund policy has no significant partial effect (B = 0.019; t = 0.189; p = 0.850). Simultaneously, both variables have a significant effect (F = 26.884; p < 0.001) and explain 33.7% of the variance in welfare. The findings emphasize the importance of accurately targeting BLT recipients and strengthening governance, transparency, and community participation in the use of Village Funds.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ricky Ariansyah, Husnul Muna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BUDGET REFOCUSING POLICY OF THE MINISTRY OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMS IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ERA
The COVID-19 pandemic has compelled governments worldwide to implement emergency budget refocusing policies, yet the capacity to execute such policies effectively remains underexplored. This study analyzes the analytical, operational/managerial, and political capacities in Indonesia's budget refocusing policy for social protection programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with 11 informants from the Ministry of Social Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, facilitators, and beneficiary households, complemented by document analysis and observation. The findings reveal that while analytical capacity enabled evidence-based targeting through socio-economic registration data, weak inter-agency coordination and unintegrated information systems hindered equitable distribution. Operational capacity was demonstrated through systematic budget review processes and resource mobilization, yet was constrained by outdated beneficiary data, regulatory inconsistencies, and lengthy disbursement procedures. Political capacity, supported by stakeholder engagement and policy legitimacy, proved essential for building public trust, though implementation faced challenges including legal framework delays and data inaccuracies. The study concludes that the effectiveness of crisis-response budgeting depends on the synergy among all three capacities, with gaps in any dimension undermining overall policy performance. These findings offer critical lessons for strengthening institutional capacity in future emergency responses.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eprina Trihariani, Bintoro Wardiyanto, Eko Supeno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGENT OF CENTRAL LAMPUNG REGULATION NUMBER 56 OF 2022 IN CARRYING OUT THE DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PROTOCOL AND LEADERSHIP COMMUNICATION DIVISION OF THE REGIONAL SECRETARIAT OF CENTRAL LAMPUNG REGENCY
The implementation of regional government policies is an essential aspect of achieving effective governance, including the administration of protocol duties and functions. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Regent of Central Lampung Regulation Number 56 of 2022 concerning the Detailed Duties and Functions of Structural Positions and Functional Groups within the Regional Secretariat of Central Lampung Regency in carrying out the duties and functions of the Protocol and Leadership Communication Division, as well as to identify the factors hindering its implementation. This research employed both normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches. Data were collected through library research and field research by conducting interviews with the Head of the Protocol and Leadership Communication Division, the Head of the Protocol Subdivision, and staff members of the Protocol and Leadership Communication Division of the Regional Secretariat of Central Lampung Regency. The data were analyzed using a qualitative juridical approach by examining statutory regulations, administrative law theories, and empirical findings obtained from the field. The results indicate that the implementation of the Regent of Central Lampung Regulation Number 56 of 2022 within the Protocol and Leadership Communication Division has been carried out effectively, although it has not yet reached an optimal level. The implementation of protocol duties and functions has been conducted in accordance with the applicable regulations through the management of seating arrangements, event procedures, official honors, coordination of leadership activities, leadership communication, and documentation of governmental activities. Nevertheless, the implementation continues to face several obstacles arising from internal factors, including limited human resources, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, operational funding constraints, and organizational integrity, as well as external factors such as technological developments, regulatory changes, and regional fiscal conditions. Therefore, strengthening institutional capacity, optimizing organizational resources, and enhancing inter-agency coordination are necessary to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of the Regent of Central Lampung Regulation Number 56 of 2022 in supporting regional governance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agus Muhammad Septiana, Riani Esrah Arisa Sagala https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPROVING PROJECT PERFORMANCE THROUGH RISK COMMUNICATION AND RISK CONTROL IN BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION KLARI WATERFALL, KARAWANG
The success of a construction project is greatly influenced by the ability to manage risks effectively, particularly through risk communication and risk control. This study aims to analyze the influence of risk communication and risk control on project performance in the Curug Klari Bridge construction project in Karawang. The study used a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were obtained through questionnaires distributed to parties involved in the project implementation and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. The results indicate that risk communication has a positive and significant effect on project performance. Risk control also has a positive and significant effect on project performance. Furthermore, risk communication and risk control simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on project performance. These findings indicate that effective risk communication and consistent risk control can improve coordination, support decision-making, minimize the impact of risks, and encourage the achievement of project objectives. Therefore, the implementation of risk communication and risk control needs to be an integrated part of project management to improve construction project performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agung Satrio Utomo, Abdul Chalid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LENGTH OF STAY IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION AT WALED REGIONAL HOSPITAL
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a major cause of hospitalization, and prolonged length of stay (LOS) reflects clinical severity, resource use, and quality of care. This study analyzed factors associated with LOS among patients with HFrEF at Waled Regional Hospital, Cirebon Regency. A retrospective analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach used medical-record data from January 2024 to December 2025. Total sampling yielded 150 eligible patients. Univariable analysis described patient characteristics; independent t-tests and one-way analysis of variance assessed bivariate associations; and a generalized linear model evaluated independent factors. Mean LOS was 4.24 days (range, 2-9 days). Blood pressure, arrhythmia, valvular heart disease, diabetes mellitus, renal dysfunction, anemia, hyponatremia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and infection were associated with LOS in bivariate analyses (p<0.05), whereas age, sex, coronary artery disease, and potassium status were not. After multivariable adjustment, blood pressure categories, valvular heart disease, and infection remained independently associated with LOS. Early hemodynamic stabilization, prompt recognition of valvular disease, and rapid infection management may help reduce hospitalization duration in patients with HFrEF.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ayudhia Mayadhiarni, Rini Istisakinah, Kati Sriwiyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DIGITAL FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM ACCESS ACTIVITY USING SERVER LOGS
This study examines how server log data can be utilized as digital evidence through a structured forensic analysis approach. The proposed framework integrates multiple log sources, including authentication, system, application, and network logs, to reconstruct system access activities. The proposed method applies rule-based correlation and statistical thresholding to detect anomalies across multi-source logs. Experimental results based on 247,318 log entries indicate that the proposed approach achieves a detection rate of 94.7% with a false positive rate of 3.2%. The analysis identifies multiple categories of security threats, including brute force attacks, privilege escalation, data exfiltration, and forensic trace obfuscation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Avram Fadhilah, Hendra Gunawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PRICE ELASTICITY IN GENERATION Z LIFESTYLE COFFEE CONSUMPTION : AN ANALYTICAL LITERATURE REVIEW
This study analyzes price elasticity in emotional product consumption, focusing on lifestyle coffee among Generation Z consumers. The study applies an analytical literature review with thematic analysis to synthesize research on coffee demand, price elasticity, hedonic consumption, lifestyle-based purchasing, social media influence, fear of missing out (FoMO), and perceived value. A replicable search protocol was developed using Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SAGE Journals, Emerald Insight, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis Online, and Garuda/SINTA-indexed Indonesian journals. The search prioritized publications from 2016 to 2026, while seminal works on hedonic consumption and thematic analysis were retained when conceptually necessary. After relevance-based screening, 25 sources were synthesized into four themes. The review finds that lifestyle coffee demand among Generation Z is not shaped by price and functional utility alone, but also by hedonic value, lifestyle identity, brand experience, social media visibility, and FoMO-driven trend participation. These factors may reduce price sensitivity and support higher price tolerance, especially when consumers perceive coffee as a symbolic and experiential product. However, this inelasticity is conditional; consumers may become price sensitive when quality, ambience, digital relevance, or emotional value declines. The study concludes that lifestyle coffee businesses should apply value-based and experience-driven pricing rather than relying solely on cost-based or competition-based pricing.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tamariska Fendy Putri, Lis Sintha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EVALUATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LOVE-BASED CURRICULUM IN ISLAMIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS USING THE STUFFLEBEAM CIPP MODEL
The Love-Based Curriculum (KBC) is a strategic policy of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia through the Decree of the Director General of Islamic Education Number 6077 of 2025 which instills the values of Panca Cinta in learning in madrasas. Although it has been implemented nationally, no research has evaluated the quality of its implementation measurably using a program evaluation model at the Madrasah Tsanawiyah level. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of KBC at MTs Nurul Islam Bayung Lencir using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) model from Stufflebeam. The study used a mixed methods approach with a sequential explanatory design involving 171 respondents, consisting of one madrasah principal, 18 teachers, and 152 students. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation studies, then analyzed and triangulated. The results showed that the overall implementation of KBC was in the Good category (83.49%). The Context component received the highest score (87.81%, Very Good), indicating that the program is aligned with the needs of students and madrasah policies; The Process component also scored Very Good (81.69%) through habituation and exemplary behavior. Meanwhile, the Input component received the lowest score (80.34%, Good) due to weak documentation and supporting administration, and the Product component (84.12%, Good) showed a positive impact on student character even though the reporting system was still manual. This study provides a measurable evaluation framework based on CIPP for the implementation of KBC in madrasas as well as data-based improvement recommendations for madrasa managers and Islamic education policy makers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mifkhudin, Darodjat, Sriyanto, Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DOES CHILDHOOD FATHER INVOLVEMENT FOSTER TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP? EVIDENCE FROM MEDIATION MODEL ATTACHMENT
Transformational leadership is increasingly recognized as a critical competency in contemporary organizations, yet its developmental antecedents remain insufficiently understood. Although father involvement has been linked to positive psychosocial outcomes, the psychological mechanism through which early paternal caregiving contributes to transformational leadership has received limited empirical attention. This study examined the role of attachment in the association between father involvement and transformational leadership among emerging and young adults. A quantitative explanatory correlational design was employed with 310 participants aged 20–40 years who had prior leadership experience. Data were collected using the Father Involvement Scale (FIS), Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R), and Transformational Leadership Inventory (TLI) and analyzed using mediation analysis with a bootstrapping approach. The findings revealed that father involvement was directly associated with transformational leadership, while attachment was also associated with transformational leadership. However, attachment did not mediate the association between father involvement and transformational leadership. These findings suggest that the developmental influence of father involvement on transformational leadership may operate through alternative pathways beyond attachment, such as self-regulation, socio-emotional competence, resilience, and social learning. This study contributes to developmental and organizational psychology by providing a more comprehensive understanding of how early paternal caregiving experiences shape transformational leadership in adulthood.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eunike Chintya Laura, Hasna, Pratiwi Kuswardani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL RESILIENCE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF WORKFORCE AGILITY AMONG HOSPITAL EMPLOYEES
The rapid advancement of digital transformation in healthcare organizations has increased the need for employees to adapt to technological changes while maintaining high levels of performance. In this context, digital resilience and workforce agility have emerged as critical capabilities that enable employees to effectively respond to dynamic and technology-driven work environments. This study aims to examine the impact of digital resilience on employee performance and investigate the mediating role of workforce agility among hospital employees. This research employed a quantitative approach using an explanatory survey design. Data were collected from 100 employees of Hospital X through a structured questionnaire distributed to employees who actively utilized digital systems in their daily work activities. The collected data were analyzed using validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, F-test, t-test, coefficient of determination (R²), and mediation analysis using the Sobel Test. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26. The study concludes that Digital Resilience and Workforce Agility are important determinants of Employee Performance in healthcare organizations. Strengthening employees' digital adaptability and agility can contribute to improved workforce effectiveness and support the successful implementation of digital transformation initiatives in hospitals. These findings provide valuable insights for hospital management in designing strategies aimed at enhancing employee capabilities and organizational performance in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adhietya Widyaningrum, Kosasih, Vip Paramarta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PROJECT MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR IMPROVING ROAD CONSTRUCTION IMPLEMENTATION KARAWANG CIKAMPEK PAMANUKAN
This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of planning, organizing, implementing, and supervising the performance of the Karawang-Cikampek-Pamanukan road construction project , both partially and simultaneously . The research method used in this study is a quantitative research method. This study was conducted on the Karawang-Cikampek-Pamanukan road construction improvement project by collecting data using a questionnaire , the sample used was 45 respondents. The data source in this study is primary data with multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing, with data processing using SPSS software version 26. The results of the study indicate that planning has a positive and significant effect on the performance of the Karawang-Cikampek-Pamanukan road construction improvement project . Organizing has a positive and significant effect on the performance of the Karawang-Cikampek-Pamanukan road construction improvement project . Implementation has a positive and significant effect on the performance of the Karawang-Cikampek-Pamanukan road construction improvement project . Supervision has a positive and significant effect on the performance of the Karawang-Cikampek-Pamanukan road construction improvement project . Project management consisting of planning, organizing, implementing, and supervising has a significant influence on the performance of the Karawang–Cikampek–Pamanukan Road construction improvement project .
Copyright (c) 2026 Tiki Rysianne, Abdul Chalid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF FAIR USE PRINCIPLES OF RELIGIOUS LECTURES DISSEMINATED BASED ON COPYRIGHT LAW
The development of technology, particularly social media, has created new opportunities for the dissemination of religious lectures while also raising challenges related to copyright infringement. Religious lectures are categorized as works protected under Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright through both moral and economic rights, although this protection intersects with the principle of fair use, which allows the use of works under certain conditions such as for education or public interest. This study aims to analyze the application of fair use to religious lectures distributed via social media and to examine how the exclusive rights of creators can be safeguarded without neglecting public access. The findings indicate that lectures merely quoting scriptures are not considered original works, while those that include interpretation and creativity by the speaker remain protected by copyright. The dissemination of lectures without permission, especially for commercial purposes, constitutes a copyright infringement. Therefore, a balance between the moral and economic rights of creators and the public's interest in accessing religious information is necessary to create a fair, ethical digital
Copyright (c) 2026 Wendelyn Winona Widyadari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA LINN ON TRABECULAR BONE MICROARCHITECTURE IN AN AGING MODEL DUE TO D-GALACTOSE INDUCTION: A HISTOMORPHOMETRIC STUDY
The aging process can cause an imbalance in bone remodeling and changes in trabecular bone microarchitecture. D-galactose induction is used as an experimental aging model because it can increase oxidative stress, while Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. contains antioxidant compounds that have the potential to provide a protective effect on bone tissue. This study aims to analyze changes in trabecular bone microarchitecture in aging models due to D-galactose induction and the effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. This experimental study involved 22 samples divided into young normal (NM; n = 6), old normal (NA; n = 4), aging due to D-galactose induction (AA; n = 6), and aging due to D-galactose induction given by Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (AH; n = 6). Femur bone tissue was fixed, decalcified using formic acid, processed into paraffin blocks, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Trabecular bone images were taken in five fields of view using a 20× objective lens. Histomorphometric examination was performed to assess trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV). Data met the assumptions of normality and homogeneity so they were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test if there were significant differences. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. The mean Tb.Th in the NM, NA, AA, and AH groups were 71.61 ± 15.90 µm; 130.98 ± 11.31 µm; 120.61 ± 37.79 µm; and 100.48 ± 20.92 µm, respectively. There was a significant difference in Tb.Th values between groups with F (3,18) = 5.975 and p = 0.005. Post hoc test showed a significant difference between the NM and NA groups (p = 0.008) and between the NM and AA groups (p = 0.014). There was no significant difference between the AA and AH groups (p = 0.509). The mean BV/TV in the NM, NA, AA, and AH groups were 55.06 ± 11.06%, respectively.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fransiscus Asisi Alfareza, Neng Tine Kartinah, Trinovita Andraini, Imelda Rosalyn Sianipar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST PERSONAL DATA LEAKS CARRIED OUT BY THE CENTRAL KALIMANTAN REGIONAL POLICE'S SPECIAL CYBER CRIMINAL RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
Development technology information increase collection and processing of personal data in potential digital services cause leaks . Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (PDP Law) becomes base law data protection and sanctions , however its implementation Still face constraints . Research This aim know enforcement law to personal data leak by the Cyber Criminal Investigation Directorate of the Central Kalimantan Regional Police and obstacles faced . Methods used is study law empirical with approach qualitative through interviews and studies literature . The results show enforcement law done through stage reports , inquiries and investigations based on the PDP Law and the ITE Law, however constrained proof electronics , use identity anonymously by the perpetrator , as well as limitations digital forensics .
Copyright (c) 2026 Rona Puspita Natalia, Indang Sulastri, Ivans Januardy, Aristoteles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF LEARNING TECHNOLOGY, TRAINING MOTIVATION, AND TRAINING SATISFACTION ON TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS FOR EDUCATIONAL PERSONNEL AT MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF YOGYAKARTA: A MEDIATION TEST
This study analyzes the effect of learning technology on training effectiveness through the mediating role of training motivation and training satisfaction among educational staff at Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. This research addresses the limited empirical studies regarding online training effectiveness in higher education administrative staff contexts. The study employed a quantitative explanatory approach using survey methods involving 126 respondents who participated in institutional online training programs from December 2025 to March 2026. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The findings indicate that learning technology significantly affects training effectiveness, training motivation, and training satisfaction. Furthermore, training motivation and training satisfaction significantly influence training effectiveness. Both variables also mediate the relationship between learning technology and training effectiveness. These findings highlight the importance of participant engagement and satisfaction in improving the success of online training programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Laela Niswatin, Meika Kurnia Puji Rahayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA LINN EXTRACT ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AND COLLAGEN DEPOSITION IN D-GALACTOSE-INDUCED SKELETAL MUSCLE AGING IN RATS
Background: The aging process in skeletal muscle is often triggered by chronic oxidative stress that impacts extracellular matrix remodeling in the form of fibrosis and decreased motor function. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (HSL) extract is known to be rich in polyphenol and anthocyanin compounds that have the potential as antioxidant agents. Objective: This study aims to analyze the potential of HSL intervention in regulating gastrocnemius muscle aging in an old rat model accelerated with D-galactose, reviewed from molecular, histopathological and functional aspects. Methods: A total of 18 rats were divided into three groups (n=6): Young Normal Group (NM), D-galactose aging acceleration Group (Ap), and D-galactose + HSL Group (ApH). Aging induction was carried out using D-galactose at a dose of 200 mg/KgBW, daily for 8 weeks orally via tube. HSL supplementation was mixed in drinking water at a dose of 400 mg/KgBW daily for 8 weeks. The parameters tested included serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, MMP-9 levels in muscle tissue, limb muscle grip strength, and the percentage of collagen deposition in histopathology preparations. Results: MDA levels and MMP-9 enzyme activity in the Ap group were higher than the NM group (P < 0.001). The percentage of gastrocnemius muscle tissue collagen in the Ap group was lower than the NM group (P < 0.05). No differences were found in muscle grip strength between the Ap group and the NM group. MDA and MMP-9 levels in the ApH group given HSL supplementation were not significantly different from the NM group (P > 0.05). The percentage of gastrocnemius muscle tissue collagen in the ApH group was also not significantly different from the NM group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Supplementation of HSL extract in the accelerated aging group was able to suppress MDA levels, reduce MMP-9 levels, and maintain the percentage of gastrocnemius muscle tissue collagen. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. extract proven to be effective in inhibiting the aging process of gastrocnemius muscle through the mechanism of lipid peroxidation chain cleavage and prevention of fibrotic remodeling, which contributes to the maintenance of the mechanical functional capacity of the muscle.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gabriella E.O Andrianti, Nurul Paramita, Roman Ardian Goenarjo, Imelda Rosalyn Sianipar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LONG-TERM OPERATIONAL MODEL OF AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES (AUV) FOR MARITIME DEFENSE AND SECURITY
This study aims to develop a long-term operational model for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) to enhance maritime defense and security. It focuses on optimizing AUV deployment strategies, improving endurance and navigation efficiency, and integrating advanced technologies to support autonomous maritime operations. The research employs a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing literature reviews, technical simulations, and expert validation. It examines the integration of energy-efficient propulsion, AI-based navigation, and acoustic communication systems to enhance AUVs' long-term operational capabilities. The study reveals that the implementation of AI-driven navigation, high-capacity energy storage, and robust underwater communication significantly improves AUVs’ endurance and mission effectiveness. However, challenges such as high procurement costs, environmental constraints, and cybersecurity risks must be addressed to ensure sustainable operations. The findings highlight the importance of developing local AUV manufacturing capabilities and enhancing interoperability with existing maritime defense systems. This research contributes to the advancement of autonomous maritime defense by proposing a scalable and adaptive AUV operational model. It provides strategic recommendations for defense planners and policymakers to strengthen Indonesia’s maritime surveillance and security infrastructure.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tomy Ronaldi, Nizirwan Anwar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PUBLIC POLICY AND GOVERNMENT COMMUNICATION: ENHANCING COMMUNITY COMPLIANCE THROUGH TRUST AND POLITICAL AWARENESS IN CIANJUR
The effectiveness of government administration largely depends on the level of public compliance. However, the situation in Cianjur Regency indicates a persistent gap between government policy design and its implementation by the community. This study aims to examine the effects of Public Policy Quality and Government Communication on Public Trust and Community Compliance, while also investigating the mediating role of Public Trust and the moderating role of Political Awareness. Using a quantitative approach with an explanatory survey method, data were collected from 310 respondents in Cianjur through purposive sampling and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The findings reveal that both Government Communication and Public Policy Quality have positive and significant effects on Public Trust. However, in influencing Community Compliance, only Government Communication demonstrates a significant direct effect. In contrast, Public Policy Quality, the mediating effect of Public Trust, and the moderating effect of Political Awareness do not show significant influences on Community Compliance. These results suggest that effective government communication serves as the most dominant instrument and primary determinant in ensuring citizens’ compliance with local government policies. This study contributes to the academic literature on the determinants of community compliance by providing empirical evidence regarding the roles of policy quality, government communication, public trust, and political awareness. Furthermore, it offers an empirical model for local governments to enhance governance effectiveness through communication-based strategies aimed at improving the implementation and success of public development programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rachmat Rachmat, Neli Yuliawati, Hidayat Hidayat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF FLASHCARD MEDIA THROUGH THE TRACKING GAME ON THE LITERACY AND SOCIAL INTERACTION ABILITIES OF EARLY CHILDREN AGED 4-5 YEARS
This study aims to determine the effect of using flashcards through a search-and-find game on the literacy and social interaction skills of 4–5-year-old children. This research is motivated by the low level of early literacy skills in children, particularly in recognizing letters, sounds, and simple vocabulary, as well as the suboptimal social interaction of children in learning activities. Furthermore, the learning process tends to be teacher-centered and underutilizes engaging and contextual educational media and games. This study used a quantitative approach with an experimental method. The research design used was an experiment with two independent variables, namely flashcard media and a tracking game, and two dependent variables, namely children's literacy skills and social interactions. The subjects of the study were children aged 4–5 years at Pembina 1 State Kindergarten, North Cikarang District. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation using instruments compiled based on early childhood development indicators. The data were analyzed using statistical analysis techniques to test the influence of each variable and the interaction between variables. The results of the study showed that: (1) there was an influence of the use of flashcard media on the literacy skills of early childhood children, (2) there was an influence of the use of flashcard media on children's social interactions, (3) there was an influence of the trace-finding game on children's literacy skills, (4) there was an influence of the trace-finding game on children's social interactions, and (5) there was an influence between the use of flashcard media and the trace-finding game in improving the literacy skills and social interactions of early childhood children. Thus, the use of flashcards combined with a tracking game has proven effective in improving literacy and social interaction skills in early childhood. This research is expected to serve as a reference for teachers in developing more innovative, interactive, and child-centered learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Saida Ahmad, Nurbiana Dhienie, R Sri Martini Meilanie https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF LIFESTYLE AND BRAND IMAGE ON REPURCHASE INTENTION OF NEW BALANCE SHOES IN PALU CITY: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
This study aims to examine the influence of lifestyle and brand image on repurchase intention with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable among New Balance shoe consumers in Palu City. Data were collected through a survey of 170 respondents who had purchased New Balance shoes, using a purposive sampling method. The analysis was conducted using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The results showed that both lifestyle and brand image had a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction and repurchase intention. In addition, customer satisfaction was proven to significantly mediate the relationship between lifestyle and brand image on repurchase intention. These findings reinforce the importance of managing brand image and tailoring products to consumer lifestyles to encourage customer satisfaction and loyalty, especially in the context of the Palu city market.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rejeki Tri Diva, Syamsul Bahri Dg. Parani, Ponirin, Mohammad Zeylo Auriza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FROM CSR PROGRAM TO BRAND LOYALTY: SERIAL MEDIATION OF BRAND LEGITIMACY AND CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs are increasingly used by consumer brands to build durable relationships, yet the mechanisms through which consumers’ perceptions of these programs translate into brand loyalty remain insufficiently explained. This study examines whether brand legitimacy and customer engagement transmit the effect of CSR Program on brand loyalty in the global fast-food restaurant context. Data were obtained from 305 consumers in Bandung, Indonesia, who had purchased from McDonald’s, KFC, or Burger King within the previous six months. The model was tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). CSR Program strongly predicted brand legitimacy (β = 0.714, p < 0.001) and positively predicted customer engagement (β = 0.307, p = 0.001). Brand legitimacy positively influenced customer engagement (β = 0.537, p < 0.001) and brand loyalty (β = 0.455, p < 0.001), while customer engagement positively influenced brand loyalty (β = 0.455, p < 0.001). In contrast, the direct effect of CSR Program on brand loyalty was not significant (β = −0.088, p = 0.162). However, its total effect on brand loyalty was positive and significant (β = 0.551, p < 0.001), supported by significant indirect effects through brand legitimacy, customer engagement, and their serial mediation. The findings demonstrate that CSR Program contributes to brand loyalty primarily through relational mechanisms rather than through a direct effect.
Copyright (c) 2026 Senam Agbetossou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
POSTCOLONIAL PERSPECTIVES: Representations of Identity, Culture, and Power Dynamics in the Works of Salman Rushdie and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
This paper undertakes a sustained critical examination of how Salman Rushdie and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie negotiate the contested terrains of identity, cultural belonging, and power in their seminal works. Drawing on Rushdie's Midnight's Children (1981) and Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun (2006) and Americanah (2013), the study argues that both writers deploy sophisticated narrative strategies — including magical realism, non-linear temporality, polyphonic narration, and metaleptic irony — to contest the epistemic violence embedded in colonial and neo-colonial discourses. The paper situates its analysis within the theoretical frameworks offered by Homi K. Bhabha's concepts of hybridity and mimicry, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's notion of the subaltern, Frantz Fanon's psychoanalysis of colonialism, and Stuart Hall's articulation of cultural identity. A close reading of these texts reveals that postcolonial subjectivity is neither a static residue of colonial encounter nor a transcendental essence waiting to be recovered, but rather a dynamic, contested, and perpetually re-articulated site of becoming. The paper further demonstrates that while Rushdie's literary imagination is deeply entangled with the fractured national consciousness of post-Partition India, Adichie's narrative vision is shaped by the traumatic afterlives of the Nigerian Civil War and the diasporic negotiations of Black identity in the West. Together, these authors constitute a vital cartography of postcolonial writing in which the personal and the political are shown to be inseparable.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Zahoor Ahmad Lone https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF GREEN TIME SEQUENCING AND OPTIMIZATION AT THE SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION OF JALAN W.R. SUPRATMAN–JALAN HASANUDDIN, TIMIKA CITY
Traffic performance at signalized intersections is strongly influenced by road geometry, traffic volume, and signal timing, particularly in urban transportation systems that frequently experience congestion and signal violations. This study analyzes the relationship between traffic capacity (passenger car unit per hour) and green time, and evaluates the sequence and duration of green time at the signalized intersection of Jalan Hasanuddin and Jalan W.R. Supratman in Timika City, Central Papua Province, Indonesia. Although the intersection is equipped with a traffic light control system (APILL), red-light running violations still frequently occur and increase the potential for traffic accidents. Field data on traffic volume, geometric conditions, and signal timing were collected through direct observation and analyzed using the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (MKJI 1997), supported by a review of recent international literature on signalized intersection performance, mixed motorcycle traffic behavior, and traffic signal optimization. The analysis reveals a nonlinear quadratic relationship between traffic capacity and green time, expressed as y = 1.165x2 − 9.2824x + 19.137, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9098, indicating a high level of model fit. Green time requirements decrease as capacity increases up to an optimal point, while lower capacities require longer green time due to less stable traffic flow. These findings support volume-responsive green time allocation as a strategy to improve intersection performance and reduce red-light violations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Frederik Irsan Delu, Pebrinar Riani Sangle, Monalisa Bumbungan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STUDY ON DETERMINING THE LOCATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TYPE A PASSENGER TERMINAL IN TANJUNG SELOR, NORTH KALIMANTAN PROVINCE
Bulungan Regency, with its capital in Tanjung Selor, has a strategic position as the administrative center of North Kalimantan Province and the location of the planned Independent New City (KBM). The increased status of this region has triggered high community mobility, which requires the availability of representative transportation infrastructure. Currently, Tanjung Selor does not have a Type A Passenger Terminal, so transportation operations are not yet optimal and integrated. This study aims to determine the most optimal location for terminal construction and analyze its potential for development as an integrated area. The research method uses a mixed method approach. Location priority is determined using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method based on accessibility, spatial planning, technical, economic, and environmental criteria. Furthermore, a spatial analysis based on the Transit Oriented Development (TOD) concept was conducted at the selected locations to measure intermodal integration and accessibility. The AHP analysis results showed the following priority order: (1) Point 4 in Tanjung Selor Hilir (former PU workshop) as the top priority with a cumulative score of 3.00, (2) Point 2 on Jl. Sengkawit with a score of 2.90, and (3) Point 1 on Jl. Sabanar Lama with a score of 2.69. Further TOD analysis shows that Point 4 in Tanjung Selor Hilir has high feasibility as an integrated transportation hub, with a connectivity distance of 3 km to Tanjung Harapan Airport and 6 km to Kayan II Port. Buffering analysis shows that a 500-meter walking radius from this point can reach office and residential centers, supported by the presence of 84 hectares of green open space (RTH) that supports the principle of sustainable development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rio Riswanda, Alfa Narendra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EXPLORING BURNOUT AND MENTAL FATIGUE AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN TOURISM-BASED CLINICS IN BALI, INDONESIA: A QUALITATIVE PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY
Background. Burnout has become a major occupational health concern among healthcare professionals worldwide. Healthcare workers employed in tourism-oriented healthcare facilities face additional challenges compared with those in conventional healthcare settings, including multilingual communication, cross-cultural interactions, fluctuating patient volumes, emergency care for international travelers, and elevated service expectations. These unique workplace characteristics may increase the risk of emotional exhaustion and mental fatigue. Despite the rapid growth of tourism healthcare in Indonesia, qualitative evidence exploring burnout among healthcare workers in tourism-based clinics remains limited. Objective. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of burnout and mental fatigue among healthcare workers employed in tourism-based clinics in Bali and to identify occupational, organizational, and cross-cultural factors contributing to burnout while exploring coping strategies used to maintain psychological well-being. Methods. A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted among healthcare professionals working in tourism-based clinics in Bali. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants who had at least one year of clinical experience in tourism healthcare. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase thematic analysis. Credibility was enhanced through member checking, triangulation, and peer debriefing. Results. Four healthcare professionals representing nursing, midwifery, and general medical practice participated in this study. Seven interconnected themes emerged from the analysis: (1) high workload creates continuous emotional pressure; (2) emotional exhaustion as the dominant dimension of burnout; (3) mental fatigue reduces cognitive performance; (4) cross-cultural communication increases occupational stress; (5) organizational challenges contribute to burnout; (6) coping strategies improve psychological resilience; and (7) expectations toward organizational improvement. High patient volume during tourism seasons, language barriers, staff shortages, administrative burden, and limited organizational support were identified as major contributors to burnout. Participants described peer support, family support, spirituality, exercise, and work–life balance as important protective factors. Conclusion. Burnout among healthcare workers in tourism-based clinics is a multidimensional phenomenon shaped by occupational demands, cross-cultural communication challenges, organizational factors, and psychological stress. Organizational interventions focusing on workforce planning, staffing adequacy, administrative digitalization, leadership support, and employee well-being programs are essential to improve healthcare quality, patient safety, and workforce sustainability within tourism healthcare services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agus Wahyu Permana, Elsye Maria Rosa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CADETS' ACADEMIC COMPETENCE AND PERFORMANCE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS OFFICER ON-THE-JOB TRAINING AT PT CITILINK INDONESIA
Aviation vocational education requires alignment between theoretical knowledge and the ability to perform operational tasks effectively. This study aimed to analyze the level of cadets' academic competence, the level of practical performance, and the relationship between the two during the On-the-Job Training (OJT) program for Flight Operations Officers (FOOs) at PT Citilink Indonesia. The study employed a quantitative descriptive correlational design. The primary analysis involved all 126 cadets of the Aircraft Operations Study Program at the Indonesian Aviation Academy Banyuwangi who had complete academic records and OJT performance evaluations. Academic competence was measured using the average scores of 17 FOO-related subjects, while OJT performance was measured based on supervisors' evaluations covering FLOPS, RAMP, Flight Following, Crew Tracking, and Work Habit. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, and Spearman's rank correlation. As supporting data, a perception questionnaire was administered to 65 cadets, with the sample size determined using the Slovin formula. The results showed that the mean academic competence score was 84.67, which falls into the Very Good category, while the mean OJT performance score was 87.75, categorized as Satisfactory. Both variables were not normally distributed. Spearman's rank correlation analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of ρ = –0.196 with p = 0.028, indicating a statistically significant but very weak negative relationship. The questionnaire findings revealed that academic competence provided a fundamental basis for performing OJT tasks; However, cadets still perceive differences between campus-based learning and airline operational practices, particularly regarding operational procedures, company systems, and operational applications. The study concludes that academic competence is significantly associated with OJT practical performance, although the strength of the relationship is very weak and therefore does not fully explain OJT performance. The findings suggest that educational institutions should strengthen operational simulations, introduce airline operational systems, and further align academic learning with industry requirements
Copyright (c) 2026 Rico Darmawan, Khoirunnisa Larasati, Herdi Santoso, Dimas Hari Cahyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
REVITALIZING BALINESE MUSICAL IDENTITY THROUGH EXPERIMENTAL GONG KEBYAR: THE CREATIVE PROCESS OF THE FRAGMENTARY PERFORMANCE “JAPA TUAN”
Balinese karawitan, particularly Gong Kebyar, ideally preserves traditional identity, philosophical depth, spiritual values, and local distinctiveness while remaining open to creative reinterpretation and experimental exploration in contemporary performing arts. However, studies on Gong Kebyar have often focused on history, technique, structure, or accompaniment function, while its role in reactivating Atma Kerthi, Geguritan Japa Tuan, Gamelan Penting Karangasem, and fragmentary performance without dalang as an integrated experimental-cultural process remains insufficiently examined. This study addresses how Balinese musical identity is revitalized through the experimental use of Gong Kebyar in “Japa Tuan” and what artistic-cultural contributions the work offers to local musical heritage and experimental performance. Using a qualitative, practice-based artistic research method with an R&D orientation, the study applies the Metamorphosis Completa model. Ulat for idea searching, observation, interviews, literature study, and cultural inspiration; kepompong for incubation, interpretation, musical experimentation, timbral exploration, and dramatic structuring; and kupu-kupu for composition, rehearsal, evaluation, revision, and final performance. The findings show that “Japa Tuan” revitalizes Balinese musical identity by transforming Atma Kerthi, Geguritan Japa Tuan, and Balinese musical traditions into new musical-performative expression. By expanding Gong Kebyar into a dramaturgical force and integrating Gamelan Penting Karangasem, bedug, gong beri, peluit, suling basur, vocality, movement, and visual elements, the work bridges preservation and innovation while opening new possibilities for contemporary karawitan.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Wayan Gede Rikiana Adi Putra, I Gede Mawan, I Made Kartawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE VALUES OF FAITH EDUCATION IN THE BOOK AL-QAULUL JALIYY BY SHEIKH ABDULLAH AL-HARARIY
This article examines the values of Islamic creed (ʿaqīdah) education contained in the book Al-Qaulul Jaliyy and their relevance to creed education in the modern era. Al-Qaulul Jaliyy is a commentary (sharḥ) written based on the Mukhtashar by Shaykh ʿAbdillāh al-Ḥarariyy and covers major themes including tawḥīd, fiqh, and akhlāq. This study employs a qualitative approach using library research, in which data are obtained through textual analysis of the book and relevant supporting sources. The findings indicate that the values of creed education in Al-Qaulul Jaliyy, particularly the discussion of the meaning of the two testimonies of faith (shahādatayn), riddah (apostasy), and the principles of creed, have strong relevance to Islamic creed education at the level of Islamic educational institutions. These values play an important role in developing a solid understanding of faith and in protecting students from various forms of creed deviation in the modern era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rida Haniyah Siregar, Nurmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH WORK ENGAGEMENT AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE AT PT PABRIK KERTAS TJIWI KIMIA, TBK
This study aims to examine the impact of employee empowerment and organizational culture on employee performance through the mediating role of work engagement at PT Pabrik Kertas Tjiwi Kimia Tbk, a pulp and paper manufacturing company. This study uses an explanatory quantitative research approach. Primary data were collected using questionnaires from 257 permanent employees in the Stationery Division, selected through probability sampling techniques. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results indicate that employee empowerment does not have a significant direct effect on employee performance. On the other hand, organizational culture is proven to have a positive and significant direct effect on employee performance. Other findings show that both employee empowerment and organizational culture significantly enhance work engagement. Work engagement itself is proven to have the strongest direct effect on improving employee performance. Furthermore, the mediation analysis results confirm that work engagement significantly mediates the relationship between employee empowerment and employee performance, as well as the relationship between organizational culture and employee performance. Practically, these findings provide managerial insights for manufacturing companies to strengthen employee performance in supporting corporate sustainability through a supportive culture and high levels of work engagement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Achmad Nuril Huda, Budi Eko Soetjipto, Ely Siswanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF CAPITAL STRATEGY AND CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT IN INCREASING THE VALUE OF BANKING COMPANIES (A Study of State-Owned Banks Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020–2025 Period)
Performing Loan/NPL) on firm value (Price to Book Value/PBV) in state-owned banks (Bank BUMN) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2020–2025. The research is motivated by fluctuations and disparities in firm value among state-owned banks despite operating in a relatively homogeneous sector and regulatory environment, along with inconsistencies in prior studies. This study uses a quantitative method with an associative approach. The sample comprises five state-owned banks (BBRI, BMRI, BBNI, BBTN, BRIS) over six years (2020–2025), yielding 30 observations from annual reports. Data were analyzed using panel data regression with EViews 13, including model selection (Chow Test, Hausman Test), multicollinearity testing, and hypothesis testing (t-test, F-test, coefficient of determination). Results show the Random Effect Model (REM) as the best-fit model. Partially, CAR has a significant positive effect on firm value, while NPL has no significant effect. Simultaneously, CAR and NPL significantly affect firm value, with an R-squared of 28.52%. These findings support Signaling Theory, whereby high capital adequacy signals financial strength to investors, thereby increasing the bank's market valuation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Aulia, Erry Sunarya, Tetty Sufianty Zafar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DYNAMICS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FREE NUTRITIOUS MEAL PROGRAM IN NORTH SULAWESI: AN ANALYSIS OF MULTISECTORAL COMPLEXITY, LOGISTICAL CHALLENGES, AND SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGIES
The Free Nutritious Meal Program (PMBG) is a national strategic policy designed to improve the quality of human resources by fulfilling the nutritional needs of schoolchildren, toddlers, and pregnant women as part of the Indonesia Golden 2045 agenda. However, the implementation of the program in North Sulawesi Province faces considerable complexity due to its archipelagic geographical characteristics, limited logistics infrastructure, multisectoral coordination, and challenges related to sustainable financing. This study aims to analyze the implementation dynamics of the PMBG in North Sulawesi by examining the complexity of intersectoral collaboration, food distribution constraints, and strategies to ensure program sustainability. The study employed a qualitative-descriptive approach using a regional case study design. Data were collected through the analysis of policy documents, government reports, statistical data, and a systematic literature review, and were subsequently analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, encompassing data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the successful implementation of the PMBG is strongly influenced by the integration of micro-level beneficiary data, strengthened cross-sectoral coordination, the optimization of local food as the primary supply chain resource, the development of a hub-and-spoke distribution model, and the enhancement of cold-chain infrastructure across archipelagic areas. Furthermore, program sustainability requires the diversification of funding sources, the digitalization of procurement and monitoring systems, strengthened food safety measures, culturally based nutrition education, and active community participation in program governance. This study confirms that the implementation of the PMBG in North Sulawesi requires an adaptive approach that integrates national policy with local conditions through collaborative governance, logistics innovation, and technology-based accountability systems. Such an approach is expected to enhance the effectiveness of nutritional interventions while strengthening food security and promoting sustainable human resource development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Franky R.D Rengkung, Johny Peter Lengkong, Efvendi R. Sondak, Zainul Abidin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY OF PERPETRATORS IN CLEARING LAND FOR OIL PALM PLANTATIONS IN PRODUCTION FOREST AREA (Study of Decision Number 56/ Pid.Sus /2024/PN ksn )
Cases involving defendant Ir. Sunarto Bin ( the deceased ) Supardi, who was accused open land in the area forest protected without permission , lifting issue law important related management forests and regulations use land in Indonesia. The defendant open land For plantation coconut palm oil in Production Forest Areas Permanent (HMP), which is regulated by law Forestry (Law No. 41 of 1999). This law arrange function forests and management land , prohibit activities that change function area forest without appropriate permission . This case clear show that violation main related with management area forest as arranged in the Forestry Law , not violation to activity operational business plantation as arranged in the Plantation Law (Law No. 39 of 2014). Forestry Law focused on conservation forests and use land sustainable , while the Plantation Law discusses things technical in operation plantation like licensing , use land and management environment . In case this , action defendant in a way direct violating the Forestry Law , especially Because land used​ For plantation the is part from area forest protected . Situation This highlight importance limitation strict laws​ in use land forests and their necessity get agreement government in a way explicit before change land status forest protected For objective agriculture . With compare second Constitution this case​ This underline the need stricter enforcement of Forestry Law effective For prevent deforestation illegal and ensure practice management forest sustainable followed . Findings this also shows How gap law in protection forest Keep going hinder protection the right environment although there is relevant laws .​
Copyright (c) 2026 Chettlin Benitha, Aristoteles, Louise Theresia, Joanita Jalianery https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE DYNAMICS OF WOMEN'S PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN TAARUF MARRIAGES
This study aims to describe the psychological well-being of women who marry through the taaruf process and the factors that influence it. This study focuses on four main themes of psychological well-being: self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, environmental mastery, and life goals, using a qualitative approach. The four participants were selected through purposive sampling. The results show that the psychological well-being of women in taaruf marriages is strongly influenced by positive self-acceptance, the ability to establish good relationships with partners and families, and the ability to manage stress and adjustment. This study is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the psychological challenges of taaruf marriages to improve the psychological well-being of women in taaruf marriages.
Copyright (c) 2026 Qori Setyo Ningrat, Diana Rahmasari, Hermien Laksmiwati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UNCERTAINTY OF EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS AND WAGE DISCRIMINATION OF OUTSOURCED WORKERS FROM A LEGAL AND ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
Outsourcing refers to work that is not directly related to a company's core business activities, where such work is delegated to another party or company. Generally, outsourcing can be carried out when an agreement has been signed between the labor service provider and the labor service user. However, in practice, outsourcing often leads to issues that disadvantage outsourced workers or laborers. There are companies that fail to uphold workers' rights as specified by labor laws and regulations, thus neglecting their obligations to provide all the rights of outsourced employees. As a result, even though legal provisions regulate various aspects of employment relations, they do not guarantee that companies will comply with these regulations. Problems arising from outsourcing include job insecurity and wage discrimination, both of which clearly violate the provisions set forth in labor legislation. In addition to violating the law, the issues of employment uncertainty and wage discrimination also have severe economic consequences for outsourced workers, as they struggle to achieve a decent standard of living.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vinne Eunike, Catharina Dewi Wulansari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AN ANALYSIS OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE PRINCIPLES APPLIED BY CIVIL SERVANT INVESTIGATORS (PPNS) IN HANDLING ANIMAL, FISH, AND PLANT QUARANTINE CRIMES UNDER LAW NUMBER 20 OF 2025 ON THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE
This study analyzes the application of restorative justice principles by Civil Servant Investigators (PPNS) in handling animal, fish, and plant quarantine criminal offenses under Law Number 20 of 2025 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code, as well as the inhibiting factors to its implementation. The main issue is the inconsistency between the spirit of restorative justice and the characteristics of quarantine criminal offenses that position the state as the victim. The research employs normative juridical and empirical approaches using in-depth interviews with three informants at the Lampung Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine Center and literature study. The analysis applies S. Prajudi Atmosudirjo's Theory of Administrative Law, Aristotle's Theory of Justice, Satjipto Rahardjo's Progressive Law Theory, and Lawrence M. Friedman's Legal System Theory. The findings reveal that although Law Number 20 of 2025 has normatively opened space for the application of restorative justice, in practice it cannot be formally implemented due to three systemic obstacles: legal vacuum (rechtsvacuum) at three levels of regulation, structural weakness of PPNS institutions, and the dominance of repressive paradigms in the legal culture of authorities. The study concludes that the application of restorative justice possesses philosophical, juridical, and sociological legitimacy for development, but requires policy reformulation through the drafting of technical regulations, institutional strengthening, classification of violation risks, and development of a legal culture oriented toward substantive justice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yasin Arifin, Baharudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE CIVIL LIABILITY OF PT PETER METAL TECHNOLOGY INDONESIA REGARDING THE RELEASE OF THE RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCE CESIUM-137: PERSPECTIVES FROM ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND THE INDONESIAN CIVIL CODE
The case of the spread of radioactive Cesium-137 (Cs-137) that polluted the Modern Cikande Industrial Area, Banten, which originated from metal scrap of PT Peter Metal Technology Indonesia (PMT) has posed a serious threat to the environment and the surrounding community. This study aims to analyze the form of civil liability of PT PMT for the spread of radioactive substances viewed from the perspective of Environmental Law and the Civil Code (KUHPerdata). This study uses a normative legal research type (normative juridical) through a statutory approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach. Data collection was carried out by means of a literature study and analyzed using qualitative methods. The results of the study indicate that the spread of Cs-137 is subject to the principle of strict liability as regulated in Article 88 of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management (UUPPLH), where companies that manage high-risk hazardous and toxic materials (B3) are held absolutely responsible without the need to prove any element of fault. PT PMT's civil liability is based on Article 1365 of the Civil Code concerning Unlawful Acts (PMH) and Article 87 of the Environmental Management Law (UUPPLH), which implements the polluter pays principle. Therefore, PT PMT is obligated not only to pay compensation to injured parties but also to bear all costs of decontamination and environmental restoration. However, the effectiveness of this civil sanction depends heavily on scientific proof of causality and the results of investigations by authorized technical agencies, such as BAPETEN and BRIN.
Copyright (c) 2026 Max Doan Simanjuntak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
POLITICAL ACTIVISTS OF STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF USHULUDDIN AND ISLAMIC STUDIES, STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATRA IN A CASE STUDY DEMONSTRATION: AT THE MEDAN CITY DPRD BUILDING
This study aims to explain why students of the world Faculty of Ushuluddin and Islamic Studies, North Sumatra State Islamic University, regard demonstrations as their primary form of political activism, analyze the decision-making process preceding collective action, and describe the practical manifestations of political activism during demonstrations at the Medan City Regional House of Representatives (DPRD). A qualitative approach employing a case study design was adopted to gain an in-depth understanding of student political activism. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that demonstrations are perceived as the most effective political channel for expressing public aspirations, scrutinizing government policies, and exercising social oversight. Interview evidence indicates that participation in demonstrations is preceded by systematic issue assessment, organizational discussion, collective deliberation, and internal consolidation rather than emotional impulses or spontaneous reactions. Furthermore, student political activism extends beyond street demonstrations to include academic policy analysis, evidence-based advocacy, political education, organizational networking, and the formulation of public-oriented demands. These findings suggest that demonstrations represent a substantial expression of participatory democracy and reinforce students' roles as agents of change, social controllers, and moral forces in promoting accountable governance, responsive public policies, and a more democratic civic culture.
Copyright (c) 2026 Juni Yanti Siagian, Abu Sahrin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Inclusive Education for Students with Disabilities: Evidence-Based Practices, Frameworks, and Policy Directions
Inclusive education the practice of educating students with disabilities alongside their non-disabled peers in general education settings has become a central goal of special education policy and practice worldwide. This paper reviews the legal foundations, theoretical frameworks, and evidence-based instructional strategies that underpin effective special education services. It examines the continuum of educational placements required by the principle of the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE), the role of Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS) and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in differentiating instruction, and the contribution of assistive technology to student access and independence. The paper also considers persistent barriers to inclusion, including resource constraints, attitudinal factors, and gaps in teacher preparation, and offers recommendations for strengthening collaborative, family-centered, and data-driven practice. The synthesis suggests that well-implemented inclusive models, supported by adequate training and resources, benefit both students with disabilities and their typically developing peers academically, socially, and emotionally.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Vandana Singh Thakur, Manish Kumar Meena https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN MEDIATING THE INFLUENCE OF WORK ENVIRONMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
This study aims to analyze the influence of the work environment and job satisfaction on employee performance with organizational commitment as a mediating variable at the Banten Province Energy and Mineral Resources Office. The study used a quantitative approach with a survey method. The study population was all employees of the Banten Province Energy and Mineral Resources Office, with a sample of 113 respondents determined using probability sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires using a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis was carried out using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with the help of the SmartPLS 4.0 application. The results showed that the work environment had a positive and significant effect on employee performance and organizational commitment. Job satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment, but did not have a significant direct effect on employee performance. Organizational commitment was proven to have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. In addition, organizational commitment was able to significantly mediate the effect of the work environment on employee performance and the effect of job satisfaction on employee performance. The research findings confirm that organizational commitment is a strategic variable in improving employee performance by strengthening the influence of the work environment and job satisfaction. Therefore, improving the quality of the work environment, job satisfaction, and strengthening organizational commitment need to be a priority in human resource management to support improving employee performance and organizational effectiveness at the Banten Province Energy and Mineral Resources Service.
Copyright (c) 2026 Egi Ginanjar, Moh. Sutoro, Dadang Amiruddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY OF CONSTRUCTION SERVICE PROVIDERS TOWARDS CONSUMERS FOR BREACH OF AGREEMENT (DECISION STUDY NUMBER: 740/PDT.G/2019/PN.MDN)
The legal relationship between a construction service provider and a consumer arises from an agreement that creates rights and obligations for the parties. In its implementation, default by a construction service provider can cause losses for consumers so that certainty regarding the form of legal responsibility is needed. The formulation of the problem in this study is: (1) how are the legal regulations regarding the liability of construction service providers to consumers for default in an agreement in Indonesia; (2) what are the legal consequences of default committed by construction service providers to consumers; and (3) what is the responsibility of construction service providers to consumers for default in an agreement based on the Medan District Court Decision. This study aims to analyze the legal regulations, legal consequences, and forms of liability of construction service providers to consumers for default based on the Medan District Court Decision. The research method used is normative juridical legal research with a descriptive analytical nature through a literature study of laws and regulations, doctrines, and court decisions. The research results show that the liability of construction service providers for breach of contract is regulated in the Civil Code, Law Number 2 of 2017 concerning Construction Services, Government Regulation Number 22 of 2020 as amended by Government Regulation Number 14 of 2021, and Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. Service providers proven to have committed breach of contract are required to be responsible in accordance with the contents of the agreement and the provisions of applicable laws and regulations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alisya Yasmin Alka Siregar, Maswandi, M. Ridha Haykal Amal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF COMMERCIAL TIME WINDOW, DELIVERY TIME CONSTRAINTS, AND TRAFFIC CONGESTION ON FIRST-ATTEMPT DELIVERY SUCCESS RATE WITH FLEET ALLOCATION MANAGEMENT AS A MEDIATING VARIABL E (CASE STUDY: LION PARCEL BANDUNG)
This study aims to identify the factors contributing to the high rate of first-attempt delivery failures in Lion Parcel's last-mile delivery operations in the city of Bandung, which are caused by various operational obstacles faced by couriers in the field. The objective is to examine how Commercial Time Window, Delivery Time Constraints, and Traffic Congestion affect the first-attempt delivery success rate, while also testing whether Fleet Allocation Management acts as a mediating factor among these variables. This study employs a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design. Given the relatively small population size, the entire population was used as the sample (census/saturated sampling), consisting of 90 respondents made up of active motorcycle couriers and van drivers. Primary data were collected directly through a closed-ended Likert-scale questionnaire and subsequently processed using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method with the aid of SmartPLS 4 software. The structural model testing results show that Delivery Time Constraints and Traffic Congestion both have a positive and significant effect on Fleet Allocation Management, whereas Commercial Time Window shows no significant effect. Meanwhile, in testing the direct effects, all three obstacle variables, together with Fleet Allocation Management, were proven to have a significant effect on the first-attempt delivery success rate. In terms of mediation testing, Fleet Allocation Management was proven to successfully bridge the effects of Delivery Time Constraints and Traffic Congestion on delivery success, but was unable to mediate the effect of the Commercial Time Window constraint. This indicates that the issue of the commercial acceptance time limit (commercial time window) cannot be resolved solely through fleet management in the field; rather, improvements are needed in the dispatch work system at the warehouse that are more preventive in nature.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Taufiq, Maniah, Agus Purnomo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNET ADDICTION AND IMPULSIVE BUYING AMONG STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI 1 SALATIGA WHO USE E-COMMERCE
The development of the internet and technology cannot be separated from human life in this modern era. This condition is experienced by all groups, particularly senior high school students who are entering adolescence and tend to have unstable emotions. This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between internet addiction and impulsive buying. The participants of this study consisted of 209 respondents who were students of SMA Negeri 1 Salatiga from grades 10 to 12 and users of e-commerce, selected using a purposive sampling method. The measurements were conducted using the Impulsive Buying Tendency Scale (IBTS) and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Data analysis was carried out using Pearson correlation analysis, which indicated a positive and significant relationship between internet addiction and impulsive buying, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.207 and a significance value of p = 0.003 (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the higher the level of internet addiction experienced by students, the higher their tendency to engage in impulsive buying behavior. The findings of this study suggest that internet addiction is one of the factors associated with impulsive buying among students of SMA Negeri 1 Salatiga, particularly those who use e-commerce.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dani Aji Kartiko, Dewita Karema Sarajar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
VALIDITY AND LEGAL POSITION OF ON-CHAIN DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN THE INDONESIAN ARBITRATION SYSTEM: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH SINGAPORE LAW
The development of blockchain technology has given rise to on-chain dispute resolution (OCDR) as a dispute settlement mechanism that operates entirely through algorithms and anonymous jurors, without the involvement of any state judicial institution. This research aims to analyze the legal standing of OCDR within Indonesia's civil law system and examine its validity as a form of arbitration under Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution, enriched through a comparative analysis with Singapore's legal framework. This research employs a normative juridical method enriched with comparative elements, utilizing the theory of Lex Cryptographia, the theory of state sovereignty and legal positivism, and Satjipto Rahardjo's progressive law theory as analytical tools. The findings indicate that OCDR constitutes a sui generis legal phenomenon operating as Lex Cryptographia, an independent normative order born from algorithmic consensus rather than sovereign state authority. This characteristic causes OCDR to encounter structural deadlock when tested against the legal positivism paradigm underlying Indonesia's Arbitration Law, particularly concerning the validity of arbitration agreements and arbitrator qualifications, both of which remain fundamentally human-centric. Comparison with Singapore reveals that even a more technology-accommodating legal framework experiences similar normative friction, albeit at a lower intensity. This research argues that Satjipto Rahardjo's progressive law approach which prioritizes the law's benefits to humanity over their textual compliance, provides a relevant philosophical framework to justify the acceptance of a hybrid arbitration model, as successfully demonstrated in the Kleros case in Mexico, as a pragmatic solution to the legal gap currently faced by Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Daffa Charisma Putra Ramadhon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INCONSISTENCY IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SEMA NO. 4 OF 2014 CONCERNING THE EMPTYING OF MORTGAGE RIGHT AUCTION OBJECTS: ANALYSIS OF COURT DECISIONS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR LEGAL CERTAINTY FOR CREDITORS
This study examines the inconsistency in the application of Supreme Court Circular (SEMA) Number 4 of 2014 concerning the eviction of mortgage auction objects and its implications for creditor legal certainty. Employing a normative juridical method with statutory and case-based approaches, this research analyzes two court decisions: Palu District Court Decision No. 57/Pdt.G/2023/PN Pal and Klaten District Court Decision No. 93/Pdt.G/2019/PN Kln. The findings reveal that inconsistency manifests in two forms: procedural, where SEMA was entirely unaddressed despite physical eviction having been carried out prior to the verdict; and normative-substantive, where the creditor protection spirit underlying SEMA was ignored in the judges' legal reasoning. Both forms of inconsistency result in illusory legal certainty for creditors, rendering the parate execution right guaranteed under Article 6 of Law Number 4 of 1996 on Mortgage Rights effectively unenforceable in practice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Uzie Valerie, Wardani Rizkianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL-BASED E-TAX COURT SERVICES AT THE INDONESIAN TAX COURT: A DIGITAL GOVERNANCE ANALYSIS
Digitalization of public services has encouraged government institutions to develop electronic-based services to improve efficiency, accessibility, and transparency. However, the availability of digital platforms does not always indicate that services have achieved optimal performance. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of e-Tax Court services at the Indonesian Tax Court using a digital governance perspective. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with four users of e-Tax Court, consisting of Appellants/Claimants and Respondents, supported by document analysis. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana qualitative analysis model. The evaluation uses five dimensions developed by Holzer and Manoharan: security/privacy, usability, content, services, and citizen and social engagement. The findings indicate that e-Tax Court has improved tax dispute administration by simplifying procedures and reducing physical processes. Nevertheless, several challenges remain, particularly regarding users’ concerns about data protection, system responsiveness, accessibility, and limited feedback mechanisms. The study concludes that e-Tax Court has supported digital judicial transformation, but continuous improvement is required to create a more secure, inclusive, and user-oriented digital service.
Copyright (c) 2026 Neni Triana, Florentina Ratih Wulandari, Muhamad Nur Afandi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIGITAL COMPETENCE, DIGITAL LEADERSHIP AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING INSTITUTION PERFORMANCE
This study examines the effects of digital competence and digital leadership on the performance of vocational training institutions and evaluates the mediating role of competitive advantage. Drawing on the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities perspectives, the study employed a quantitative survey design involving 180 associate trainers and managerial personnel affiliated with vocational training institutions in East Java, Indonesia. Respondents were selected through purposive sampling, and the data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling with SmartPLS 4. The results show that digital competence and digital leadership positively and significantly influence competitive advantage and institutional performance. Competitive advantage also has a strong positive effect on institutional performance and significantly mediates the effects of both digital competence and digital leadership. These findings indicate that digital resources generate superior institutional outcomes when they are strategically converted into differentiated services, efficient operational processes, and innovative business models. The study extends capability-based explanations of digital transformation in vocational education and suggests that institutional leaders should simultaneously strengthen staff digital competence, digital leadership, and the strategic use of technology to build sustainable competitive advantage and improve performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yunita, Derriawan, Lola Fitria Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DUCK SYNDROME OF WORKING COLLEGE STUDENT : UNCOVERING THE ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT RELATIONSHIP WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING
This study examines the influence of organizational support and duck syndrome towards psychological well-being. It also seeks to determine whether duck syndrome mediates the relationship between organizational support and psychological well-being. A quantitative approach utilizing a total sampling technique was employed. The study involved 183 subjects—students who were also employed or we called as working college students. The research instruments included the Psychological Well-Being Scale, the Organizational Support Scale, and the Duck Syndrome Scale. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that duck syndrome mediates the relationship between organizational support and psychological well-being. Specifically, organizational support was found to have a significant positive direct effect on psychological well-being (β=0.488, T=5.42, p=0.001) but a negative effect on duck syndrome (β=-0.412, T=6.18, p=0.001). Duck syndrome was shown to mediate the relationship between organizational support and psychological well-being (β=0.301, T=3.27, p=0.001).
Copyright (c) 2026 Diny Atrizka, Ikbar Pratama, Hasrita Lubis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF GRANITE MINING ACTIVITIES ON THE SURROUNDING COMMUNITY
Granite mining activities contribute to regional economic growth by creating job opportunities, boosting community income, and fostering infrastructure development. However, these activities also carry the potential for various social impacts that effect the living conditions of communities surrounding the mining areas. This study aims to analysis the social impacts of granite mining from a sustainable development perspective by examining social, economic, and community well-being aspects. A descriptive methode with a qualitative approach was employed. Data collection involved field observations, interviews, and a review of documents. The findings indicate that granite mining generates positive impacts, such as increased employment opportunities, higher community income, the growth of local businesses, and improved access to infrastructure. Conversely, the community also experiences negative impacts, including shifts in livelihood patterns, potential social conflict, disturbance caused by dust and noise, and environmental degradation that affects social activities. The study concludes that granite mining entails multidimensional social impacts both positive and negative. Therefore, synergy among the company, the government, and the community is essential to achieve sustainable mining management, ensuring that economic benefits go hand-in-hand with improved social well-being and environmental preservation
Copyright (c) 2026 Lismei Sihombing https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
OBSTACLES TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUPREME COURT REGULATION (PERMA) NUMBER 7 OF 2022 ON ELECTRONIC CASE ADMINISTRATION AND ELECTRONIC COURT PROCEEDINGS IN DIVORCE CASES AT THE SLAWI RELIGIOUS COURT, TEGAL REGENCY
The Supreme Court has issued a regulation concerning electronic case administration, namely Supreme Court Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia (PERMA RI) Number 7 of 2022 on Electronic Case Administration in Courts. The purpose of this regulation is stipulated in Article 2 of Supreme Court Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 2022 on Electronic Case Administration in Courts, namely to support the realization of professional, transparent, accountable, effective, efficient, and modern case administration. (PERMA, 2022). In accordance with Supreme Court Regulation Number 7 of 2022 concerning electronic case administration in courts, the scope of the e-Court application generally includes: (1) Online Case Registration (e-Filing), (2) Online Advance Court Fee Payment (e-Payment), (3) Electronic Summons (e-Summons), and (4) Electronic Court Proceedings (e-Litigation). (PERMA, 2021). This study aims to identify the obstacles to the implementation of e-litigation proceedings in divorce cases at the Slawi Religious Court, Tegal Regency. This research employs library research with an empirical juridical approach and qualitative analysis methods, with the Slawi Religious Court Class IA serving as the research object. The main obstacles to the implementation of Supreme Court Regulation Number 7 of 2022 at the Slawi Religious Court include the public's low level of technological literacy (digital divide), unstable internet infrastructure, and difficulties in verifying the defendant's electronic domicile. Other obstacles include limited public understanding of electronic fee-waiver (prodeo) services and technical challenges encountered during virtual court proceedings. Kata Kunci : Case Obstacles, Electronic Court Proceedings, Effectiveness and Efficiency, Divorce Cases.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aziz Mahmud Idris, Sanusi, Soesi Idayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE AUTHORITY OF NATIONAL NARCOTICS AGENCY (BNN) INVESTIGATIONS IN IMPLEMENTING SEARCHES BASED ON THE NARCOTICS LAW AND THE KUHAP
Action criminal narcotics is crime outside usual that requires enforcement law effective . Research This aim analyze authority National Narcotics Agency (BNN) investigators in do search based on Constitution Number 35 of 2009 Concerning Narcotics and the Criminal Procedure Code ( KUHAP) as well as implications the law if No in accordance with applicable provisions . Research​ This use method juridical normative with approach legislation . Research results show that Article 75 letter e of the Law Number 35 of 2009 Concerning Narcotics give authority to National Narcotics Agency (BNN) investigators , however in implementation still must comply Article 113 of the Criminal Procedure Code. If action search done without procedure valid law​ so the result can stated No valid and give rise to accountability law , so that required synchronization For ensure certainty law .
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Frajusi Agustania, Aristoteles, Claudia Yuni Pramita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SPIRITUAL COMMUNICATION IN THE RECOVERY PROCESS FROM BABY BLUES THROUGH THE PRACTICE OF THE LIVING QUR’AN
This study is aims to understand how mothers’ intrapersonal communication processes help them recover from the baby blues through the practice of “The Living Qur’an,” taking into account the context of family communication as the backdrop for mothers’ postpartum emotional experiences. This study employs a qualitative approach using a phenomenological research design. This method was chosen because it is highly relevant for exploring and deeply understanding individuals’ lived experiences regarding a specific phenomenon, in this case, the recovery process from the baby blues. This finding confirms that emotional improvement does not occur in isolation; strengthening in the Personal Domain (such as self-acceptance) automatically triggers a chain reaction that improves the Communal Domain (harmony in relationships with husband and children), shifts perspectives regarding the Environmental Domain, and ultimately deepens the Transcendental Domain (relationship with God).
Copyright (c) 2026 Aginta Rachmalia Putri Dinanti, Rita Destiwati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEGAL PROBLEMS OF WIREBREAKING REGULATIONS IN THE NEW KUHAP: THE PERSPECTIVE OF DUE PROCESS OF LAW AND PROTECTION OF PRIVACY RIGHTS
Wiretapping is one of the most effective methods for uncovering crimes, especially those committed in an organized, transnational manner, and utilizing information technology. However, on the other hand, wiretapping is a form of restriction on the right to privacy because it is carried out secretly and allows the state to gain complete access to a person's private communications. The regulation of wiretapping in the New Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) through Article 136 is an important development in Indonesian criminal procedure law because it is the first time that wiretapping is recognized as a coercive measure in general criminal procedure law. However, this regulation is still vague and leaves further regulation to separate laws, thus giving rise to various legal problems. This study aims to analyze the legal problems of the regulation of wiretapping in the New KUHAP and formulate a concept for an ideal regulation of wiretapping based on the principles of due process of law and protection of the right to privacy. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a comparative approach. The research results show that Article 136 of the New Criminal Procedure Code still leaves gaps in norms regarding procedures, licensing mechanisms, oversight, the use of wiretapping results, the destruction of irrelevant information, and compensation mechanisms. Therefore, comprehensive wiretapping regulations are needed to achieve a balance between law enforcement and human rights protection.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jacelyn Valencia Chiam, Catharina Dewi Wulansari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DEVELOPMENT OF AN AIoT-BASED COFFEE BEAN CLASSIFICATION AND SORTING SYSTEM USING A VISION TRANSFORMER
Manual coffee bean sorting is highly prone to subjectivity, inconsistency, and low operational efficiency. This study aims to develop an automated classification and sorting system based on the Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT). The method integrates a Vision Transformer (ViT) model, TensorFlow Lite, Firebase, and an ESP32 microcontroller within a Mobile–Cloud–Edge Computing architecture. The ViT model was trained on four coffee roast levels to perform real-time inference on Android devices linked to physical sorting actuators. Experimental results showed that the ViT model achieved a 96.87% classification accuracy, while the automated physical sorting mechanism achieved 95.83% accuracy with an average response time of 462 ms. In conclusion, the integration of Vision Transformer and AIoT provides a fast and reliable post-harvest automation solution tailored for smart agricultural applications.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dody Pintarko, Basuki Rahmat, Faisal Muttaqin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FUNCTIONAL DEGRADATION OF FIDUCIARY CREDITOR'S PREFERENT RIGHTS AFTER THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT'S DECISION
This article analyzes the functional degradation of fiduciary creditors' preferential rights after Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019. The study argues that the decision did not abolish fiduciary creditors' preferential rights, but transformed their practical realization from direct parate execution into conditional parate execution. Using normative legal research with statutory, case, and conceptual approaches, supported by documented socio-legal cases, this article examines the relationship between Article 15, Article 27, and Article 29 of the Fiduciary Security Law and the Constitutional Court's interpretation of default and voluntary surrender. The findings show that before the decision, fiduciary certificates and parate execution strengthened the economic value of preferential rights, but also enabled unilateral repossession practices. After the decision, debtor protection increased, yet disputed default or refusal to surrender the collateral creates procedural similarities with ordinary debt-collection disputes and produces economic consequences for creditors through higher transaction costs, longer recovery time, depreciation risks, and weaker recovery certainty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Restu Arif Hanavi, Tuhana, Agus Riwanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF JOB CRAFTING ON ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF MEANINGFUL WORK AMONG HOSPITAL EMPLOYEES
This study aims to examine the influence of Job Crafting on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) through the mediating role of Meaningful Work among hospital employees. In the healthcare sector, employees are required not only to perform their formal responsibilities but also demonstrate voluntary behaviors that support teamwork, organizational effectiveness, and service quality. Job Crafting represents employees’ proactive efforts to modify and optimize their work experiences, while Meaningful Work reflects employees’ perceptions of purpose, significance, and value in their jobs. This study applies a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional survey design involving hospital employees. Data were collected through questionnaires measuring Job Crafting, Meaningful Work, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior using a Likert scale. The data were analyzed using validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and mediation analysis. The results indicate that Job Crafting has a positive and significant effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Meaningful Work also has a positive and significant effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior, demonstrating that employees who perceive greater meaning in their work are more likely to engage in voluntary behaviors that support the organization. Furthermore, the regression model shows that Job Crafting and Meaningful Work simultaneously contribute significantly to explaining variations in Organizational Citizenship Behavior among hospital employees.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indri Lestari, Kosasih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT DEBT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND FISCAL INDEPENDENCE ON BUDGET DEFICIT IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN BALI PROVINCE
This quantitative study employs a causal-explanatory design to examine the effects of public debt, economic growth, and fiscal autonomy on budget deficits across ten local governments in Bali Province. Utilizing a census-based approach on secondary panel data from audited Local Government Financial Reports (LKPD) and the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) over the 2020–2024 fiscal years, the hypotheses were tested via multiple linear regression analysis. The simultaneous test reveals that the independent variables highly significantly influence regional budget deficits, yielding an Adjusted R 2 of 89.1%. Partially, public debt exerts a positive and significant effect on the deficit, signaling a debt overhang condition and a deficit-debt spiral that constricts fiscal space. Conversely, economic growth exhibits a negative but non-significant trajectory due to pro-cyclical spending policies and structural expenditure rigidities. Meanwhile, fiscal autonomy has a negative and significant impact on mitigating deficits, demonstrating that optimizing local own-source revenue (PAD) serves as a resilient fiscal buffer against financial distress. To ensure long-term fiscal sustainability, local governments in Bali are advised to enhance expenditure efficiency, direct public debt strictly toward productive investments, and proactively expand their own-source revenue base.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Gede Wiprada Pasupati, Ni Luh Putu Wiagustini, I Wayan Terimajaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND WORK DISCIPLINE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH JOB SATISFACTION AS A MEDIATION VARIABLE
Civil Servant Performance at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Serang Regency is an important aspect in supporting the effectiveness of public services. Improving the quality of service, discipline, and employee job satisfaction requires leadership support that is able to adapt to organizational conditions and needs. This study aims to analyze the influence of situational leadership and work discipline on employee performance, both directly and through job satisfaction as a mediating variable. The method used is a quantitative approach with an associative research type. The population and sample in this study amounted to 91 Civil Servants at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Serang Regency with a saturated sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis was carried out using the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method with the help of the SmartPLS 4.0 application. The results of the study indicate that situational leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee performance and job satisfaction. Work discipline has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, but does not significantly affect employee performance. Job satisfaction does not significantly affect employee performance and is unable to mediate the relationship between situational leadership and work discipline on employee performance. These findings indicate that improvements in employee performance are predominantly influenced by the implementation of effective situational leadership.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yayu Humairoh Humairoh, Moh. Sutoro, Basrowi Basrowi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND GOVERNANCE (ESG) DISCLOSURE AND PROFITABILITY ON FIRM VALUE IN COAL SUBSECTOR COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE FOR THE 2020–2025 PERIOD
This study aims to examine the effect on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Disclosure and Profitability on Firm Value in coal subsektor companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the periode 2020-2025. This study employs a quantitative methode using secondary data obtained from annual reports and sustainability reports of the companies. The data were analyzed using panel data regrssion analysis. The sampel consists of 11 companies with 66 observations selected through purposive sampling. The result indicate that partially, Environmental Disclosure has a positive and significant effect on firm value, Social Dicslosure has a negative and significant effect in firm value, while Governance Disclosure and Profitability have no significant on firm value.Then simultaneously, Environmental, Social, and Governance Disclosure and profitability have a positive and significant effect on firm value.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rani Manik, Jummaini, Rico Nur Ilham3, Wardhiah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NARCOTICS REGULATIONS INTENDED FOR HEALTHCARE SERVICES IN INDONESIA AND THAILAND
Narcotics possess a dual nature: they are beneficial for healthcare services yet carry a high risk of dependency if misused. Under Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, marijuana is classified as a Schedule I narcotic in Indonesia, meaning it cannot be used for medical purposes. In contrast, Thailand’s Narcotics Code B.E. 2564 (2021) mandates a strict licensing and oversight system for the use of medical marijuana. This regulatory rigidity in Indonesia has led to several humanitarian tragedies, as exemplified by the cases of Fidelis Arie Sudewarto and Pika Sasikirana. This study examines narcotics regulations in Indonesia and Thailand regarding their use in healthcare. It employs statutory, case-based, and comparative approaches. The findings reveal that while both nations prioritize narcotics eradication within their national criminal justice systems and utilize narcotics classification frameworks, they differ sharply in their legal stance on medical marijuana. Thailand demonstrates that the legalization of medical marijuana is feasible without compromising state oversight efforts. The study recommends an evaluation of Article 6, paragraph (1) of the 2009 Narcotics Law as a step toward evidence-based criminal law reform.
Copyright (c) 2026 Roiyah Ulfa Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION IN MEDIATING THE EFFECT OF COMPENSATION AND LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT THE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, METHODIST UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA
This study aims to analyze the role of job satisfaction as a mediating variable in the relationship between compensation and leadership on employee performance at the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Methodist Indonesia. The research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method, where the entire population of employees is selected as the sample through a census technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple regression analysis along with mediation testing through the Sobel test. The results indicate that compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, and leadership also shows a positive and significant influence on employee performance. In addition, both compensation and leadership significantly affect job satisfaction. The mediation test results reveal that job satisfaction is able to mediate the relationship between compensation and employee performance as well as between leadership and employee performance. Furthermore, job satisfaction itself has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. These findings imply that improving employee performance can be effectively achieved through the provision of fair compensation, the implementation of effective leadership, and the enhancement of job satisfaction. Therefore, organizations are expected to manage these three factors simultaneously in order to create optimal employee performance and organizational outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gunawan Sagala, Sofyan Matondang, Jeudi Agustina T.P Sianturi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LITHIUM ION VS. LEAD ACID STARTER BATTERY OF MOTORCYCLE: TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY MODEL
Exposure to emissions from sealed lead-acid (SLA) starter batteries in internal combustion engine (ICE) motorcycles has been demonstrated to have serious impacts on human health and the environment. This has driven the transition to more environmentally friendly technologies. The objective of this study is to evaluate the technical feasibility, market share estimates, and economic viability of lithium starter batteries in Indonesia. The study employs System Dynamics and Probit analysis for the estimation of market potential and the economic feasibility. The findings indicate that LFP is technically more viable than NMC for replacing SLA in starter batteries applications. Investing in the LFP starter batteries business is economically viable. Price changes result in significant changes in the annual cash flow, IRR, NPV, and payback period. Furthermore, the model’s performance has been validated by experts and through statistical testing. Statistical test results showing a McFadden Pseudo R-squared score of 0.3049, indicating that the model’s performance is highly reliable. This study contributes to supporting businesses in the LFP starter batteries technology sector in commercializing their products, thereby helping to reduce lead emissions that are harmful to human health and the environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Teguh Juang Sinaga, Prof. Wahyudi Sutopo, Roni Zakaria Raung, Renny Rochani, Rina Wiji Astuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE UTILIZATION ON STUDENTS' SELF-CONFIDENCE THROUGH KNOWLEDGE AND MOTIVATION
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have transformed the way students acquire information and supported the learning process. However, the impact of AI use on students’ self-confidence through knowledge and motivation still requires further study. This study aims to analyze the effect of artificial intelligence on students’ self-confidence, with knowledge and motivation serving as mediating variables. This study employed a quantitative approach involving 292 students from the Faculty of Economics and Business at Tadulako University, selected using the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with the SmartPLS 4 software. The results of the analysis indicate that artificial intelligence has a positive and significant effect on students’ knowledge, motivation, and self-confidence. Knowledge does not have a significant effect on students’ self-confidence. Motivation has a positive and significant effect on students’ self-confidence. The results of the mediation test indicate that knowledge does not mediate the effect of artificial intelligence on students’ self-confidence. The mediation test results also showed that motivation mediates the effect of artificial intelligence on students’ self-confidence. These findings indicate that the use of artificial intelligence can support the improvement of students’ self-confidence and provide insights for higher education institutions in optimizing the use of artificial intelligence in the learning process.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lidyawati, Bakri Hasanuddin, Wiri Wirastuti, Nur Risky Islianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE MEANING OF HEALING ACCORDING TO COUNSELES EXPERIENCING DRUG ADDICTION (Qualitative Study with Narrative Inquiry Design on Children in Foster Care at Inabah Toriqoh Pamijahan)
Drug abuse not only causes physical impacts, but also results in psychological, social, and spiritual disorders that affect the sustainability of the recovery process. This study aims to understand the meaning of healing in individuals with a history of drug addiction while undergoing spiritual guidance at Inabah Toriqoh Pamijahan. The study used a qualitative approach with a Narrative Inquiry design . Participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique , namely foster children who have a history of drug addiction, are willing to participate in the study, and are able to tell their recovery experiences narratively. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and observations, then analyzed using narrative analysis through the process of organizing data, restorying , interpreting meaning, and compiling narratives of participant experiences. The research findings identified four main themes, namely (1) life before recovery characterized by loss of direction and negative environmental influences, (2) the journey into spiritual recovery through the emergence of awareness and the decision to change, (3) transformation of awareness through the practice of Tawajuh which helps build inner peace, emotional regulation, self-awareness, and meaningfulness of life, and (4) Talqin as a reinforcement of spiritual recovery that strengthens commitment, self-control, and the sustainability of the recovery process. The research findings indicate that healing is interpreted as a process of identity reconstruction that is not only oriented towards stopping drug use, but also towards establishing the meaning of life, a closer relationship with Allah SWT, and the formation of a new spiritual identity. This research provides implications for the development of psychospiritual-based guidance and counseling services and serves as a basis for further research to test the effectiveness of the Tawajuh method as an intervention in the recovery of individuals with a history of drug addiction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Satria Guruh Takbir Gumelar, Muhamad Muhajirin, Agung Nugraha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF DEPTH RATIO EFFECTS ON THERMOHYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF A HEAT EXCHANGER WITH V-CUT TWISTED TAPE
Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), this research evaluates the thermo-hydraulic effects of altering the depth ratio of V-cut twisted tape (VTT) inserts within tubular heat exchangers. Three specific configurations (De/w = 0.25, 0.35, and 0.45) were simulated and compared to baseline cases of plain tubes and traditional twisted tapes. System characteristics were analyzed using flow behavior, Nusselt number, friction factor, and the Performance Evaluation Criterion (PEC). To ensure reliability, the numerical framework was verified using established empirical correlations and experimental data, yielding deviations below 5%. The simulated outcomes indicate that swirl generation, enhanced radial mixing, and thermal boundary-layer disruption drive the heat transfer improvements of the twisted tapes, with the V-cut geometries accelerating vortex generation and fluid recirculation. Although VTT systems successfully optimize thermal dissipation, they incur elevated hydraulic penalties. This trade-off between pressure drop and thermal efficiency is clearly reflected in the PEC trends, where flow visualizations confirm that larger depth ratios significantly augment fluid mixing and thermal restructuring.
Copyright (c) 2026 Farrel Rizqiadinata, Damora Rhakasywi, Nicky Yongkimandalan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
QUANTUM MYSTICISM AND SUFI CONSCIOUSNESS: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PHILOSOPHICAL INQUIRY INTO HAQIQAH AND MA’RIFAH
This study aims to analyze the philosophical relationship between the concepts of haqiqah and gnosis in Sufism with the basic principles of Quantum theory through an interdisciplinary approach. This study is motivated by the growing discussion on the relationship between spirituality and modern science, particularly Quantum theory, which offers a new view of reality, consciousness, and the interconnectedness of the universe. The study uses a qualitative method with a library research approach, analyzing relevant literature sources, such as books, scientific journals, and works on Sufism and Quantum theory. Data are analyzed using content analysis techniques and a comparative approach to find conceptual relationships between the two disciplines. The results show that haqiqah in Sufism can be understood as a potential dimension of spiritual awareness, whereas gnosis is the actualization of spiritual experience as direct, intuitive, and transformative. This concept has philosophical resonance with several Quantum principles, such as superposition, uncertainty, entanglement, the observer effect, and the collapse of the wavefunction. The principle of superposition describes various possible states before actualization, which is analogous to the human inner state before achieving gnosis. The principle of uncertainty demonstrates the dynamics and unpredictability of reality, as does the personal and evolving spiritual journey. Meanwhile, the concept of entanglement demonstrates a universal connectedness that shares conceptual similarities with the principle of monotheism in Sufism. This study concludes that the relationship between Sufism and Quantum Theory is heuristic and philosophical, not an empirical one that demonstrates direct ontological equivalence. Therefore, the analogy between the two should be understood as a conceptual bridge to establish a dialogue between spirituality and modern science without reducing either domain. This research contributes to the development of interdisciplinary studies on consciousness, metatheory, philosophy of science, and Islamic spirituality in the contemporary intellectual context.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iin Inayatul Ummah, Suadi Sa’ad, Kheryadi, Ade Fakih Kurniawan, Jamadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR PERPETRATORS OF PHYSICAL VIOLENCE IN DOMESTIC RELATIONSHIPS
Physical violence within the domestic sphere remains one of the most prevalent forms of criminal offense, causing significant adverse impacts on victims as well as on family life. This study aims to analyze the factors contributing to the occurrence of physical domestic violence and to examine the criminal liability of perpetrators based on Decision Number 329/Pid.Sus/2025/PN.Gns. This research employed both normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches. The data were collected through library research and field research, including interviews with investigators from the Central Lampung Regional Police, public prosecutors at the Central Lampung District Attorney’s Office, and judges of the Gunung Sugih District Court. The data were analyzed using a qualitative juridical method.The results indicate that physical domestic violence is influenced by psychological factors, the family environment, patriarchal culture, as well as social and economic factors that encourage perpetrators to commit acts of violence against victims. The criminal liability of the perpetrator is established based on the fulfillment of the elements of the criminal offense as stipulated in Article 44 paragraph (1) of Law Number 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence. Based on the facts revealed during the trial, the defendant was legally and convincingly proven guilty of committing physical violence against his wife and was therefore sentenced to imprisonment in accordance with the court's decision. The judgment reflects the application of the principle of criminal liability, which is based on the existence of the perpetrator’s culpability and the fulfillment of lawful evidence in accordance with the Indonesian Code of Criminal Procedure.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tami Rusli, Roy Chandrito Sagala https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEGAL LIABILITY OF BANKS FOR CUSTOMER LOSSES RESULTING FROM SKIMMING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ELECTRONIC TRANSACTION SECURITY
Banks are among the financial institutions that play a highly significant role in a country's economy. Their function as both custodians of funds and financial intermediaries is widely recognized as beneficial to society and the business sector. Today, convenience and transaction speed have become key priorities for banks in delivering services to their customers. Various banking services have adopted information technology that has become an integral part of everyday use, including online banking services, Automated Teller Machine (ATM) networks, Electronic Data Capture (EDC) networks, phone banking services, internet banking services, credit card services, installment card services, and other deferred payment facilities. This study aims to examine the legal liability of banks for customer losses resulting from skimming from the perspective of electronic transaction security. The research employs a library research method. The approach adopted in this study is a normative legal approach. The primary legal materials consist of statutory regulations with binding legal force, including: Law Number 10 of 1998 concerning Banking; Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions, as amended by Law Number 19 of 2016; Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection; and Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 1/POJK.07/2013 concerning Consumer Protection in the Financial Services Sector. In fulfilling their legal responsibility and providing services to customers to prevent skimming, banks have adopted security technologies such as two-factor authentication (2FA), data encryption, and biometric authentication (such as fingerprint and facial recognition) to enhance the protection of customer data and transactions. In addition, banks comply with policy directives issued by the Indonesian banking authorities by adhering to the applicable regulatory framework to ensure legal certainty and customer satisfaction. Keywords: Legal Liability, Banking, Skimming, Electronic Transactions).
Copyright (c) 2026 Aditya Tri Hardiyawan, Sanusi, Soesi Idayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HANDLING CASES OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE BY THE CENTRAL KALIMANTAN REGIONAL POLICE
This study aims to analyze the implementation of Law Number 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence (KDRT) in handling domestic violence cases by law enforcement officers in Palangka Raya and to explore the challenges and obstacles faced by social institutions and law enforcement in protecting victims. This research uses an empirical juridical approach with a descriptive method to illustrate the handling process of domestic violence and evaluate the effectiveness of victim protection. The findings show that although law enforcement has followed the procedures outlined in the Domestic Violence Law, significant challenges remain, such as low case continuation after reporting, social stigma against victims, and limited resources such as safe houses and internal psychologists. Furthermore, coordination between law enforcement and social institutions is not optimal, hindering the effectiveness of victim protection. Therefore, this study recommends enhancing law enforcement training, strengthening social institutions, and expanding public education about the rights of domestic violence victims to improve legal protection and case continuity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Norjanah, Kiki Kristanto, Rizki Setyobowo Sangalang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0