JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PASSENGER AND CARGO SHIP SAFETY EQUIPMENT STANDARDS IN THE BATAM PORT AREA
Main Article Content
Rachmat Hidayat
Laily Washliati
Parameshwara
Shipping safety is a fundamental aspect of sea transportation operations, especially for passenger and cargo vessels operating in strategic areas such as Batam Port. The 1974 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) as a global legal instrument has been ratified by Indonesia and adopted into the national legal system through Law Number 17 Year 2008 on Shipping. However, the level of marine accidents that still occur and the findings of non-standard safety equipment on some ships indicate problems in the implementation of legal norms in the field. This study aims to analyze the legal regulation and implementation of safety equipment standards for passenger and cargo vessels in Batam Port area based on 1974 SOLAS Convention, as well as to identify obstacles and solutions for its implementation. The method used is legal research with normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches. Data were obtained through legal document studies and in-depth interviews with officials of the Batam Harbor and Port Authority Office (KSOP) and shipping industry players. The results showed that normatively, Indonesia already has adequate legal arrangements and is in line with international standards. However, at the implementation level, there are still normative (unsynchronized technical regulations), structural (limited human resources and facilities at KSOP), and legal culture (low awareness of business actors) obstacles. Therefore, it is necessary to increase supervisory capacity, harmonize national regulations with international practices, as well as legal education and shipping safety campaigns to realize effective and equitable implementation of ship safety equipment
Fadhilah, R., & Santoso, H. (2020). Implementasi Konvensi SOLAS 1974 dalam keselamatan pelayaran di Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok. Jurnal Hukum dan Transportasi Laut, 5(2), 112–124.
Friedman, L. M. (2001). American Law: An Introduction (2nd ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
International Maritime Organization. (2014). International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974: Consolidated edition. London: IMO Publishing.
International Maritime Organization. (2020). Guidelines on maritime safety and human element. London: IMO Publishing.
Komite Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi. (2023). Laporan investigasi kecelakaan pelayaran 2020–2022. Jakarta: KNKT.
Mertokusumo, S. (2012). Teori Hukum. Yogyakarta: Universitas Atma Jaya Press.
Nur Aripkah. (2023). Aspek hukum kelaiklautan kapal dan keselamatan pelayaran di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Maritim Indonesia, 8(1), 33–47.
Prasetya, D. (2021). Tantangan keselamatan pelayaran di Indonesia: Analisis implementasi SOLAS 1974. Jurnal Transportasi Laut, 4(2), 65–79.
Rahmawati, I. (2022). Hambatan implementasi standar keselamatan kapal di Pelabuhan Makassar. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Samudera, 7(3), 201–215.
Rawls, J. (1971). A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Santosa, H., & Widodo, A. (2020). Analisis kepatuhan pemilik kapal terhadap standar keselamatan pelayaran di Indonesia. Jurnal Keselamatan Transportasi, 5(1), 22–34.
Syahril, A. (2021). Penegakan hukum keselamatan pelayaran di daerah pesisir. Jurnal Maritim dan Hukum Laut, 6(1), 44–59.
Tambunan, D. (2024). Analisis administrasi keselamatan pelayaran di Indonesia. Jurnal Kebijakan Transportasi Laut, 9(1), 55–70.
Wahyudi, R. (2019). Penerapan standar keselamatan pelayaran menurut SOLAS 1974 di wilayah Sulawesi. Jurnal Hukum Laut dan Pelayaran, 3(1), 77–89.
Widjaja, G. (2018). Harmonisasi hukum pelayaran Indonesia dengan konvensi internasional. Jurnal Hukum Internasional, 6(2), 150–163.
Yulianto, B. (2021). Efektivitas pengawasan KSOP terhadap keselamatan pelayaran di Indonesia. Jurnal Administrasi Publik Maritim, 9(2), 101–115.
Zhang, L., & Chen, H. (2021). Maritime safety management and SOLAS compliance in Asian ports. Journal of Maritime Policy & Management, 48(3), 389–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2020.1854827
Zhao, Y., & Li, X. (2020). International standards for ship safety and their implementation challenges. Ocean Development & International Law, 51(4), 305–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/00908320.2020.1768201
Zhou, M., & Wang, J. (2019). Human factors and maritime safety: Lessons from international practices. Safety Science, 120, 362–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.07.004
Zulkifli, A. (2022). Perlindungan hukum terhadap penumpang kapal laut di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Bahari, 10(1), 55–70
