ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF DIGITAL LEADERSHIP AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON THE PERFORMANCE OF KOREM 011-LILAWANGSA APPARATUS WITH ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE
Published:
2026-07-30Downloads
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of digital leadership and transformational leadership on the performance of Korem 011-Lilawangsa apparatus with organizational commitment as an intervening variable on Korem 011-Lilawangsa apparatus, for the dependent variable of this study is digital leadership and transformational leadership for the independent variable is apparatus performance, for the intervening variable is organizational commitment.The population in this study was 350 Korem 011-Lilawangsa personnel. The sampling technique used simple random sampling and obtained a sample of 170 respondents who were Korem 011-Lilawangsa personnel. The research method used was a quantitative method, for the data analysis method using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).The results of this study indicate that digital leadership has a significant effect on organizational commitment, transformational leadership has a significant effect on organizational commitment. Digital leadership has a significant effect on the performance of Korem 011-Lilawangsa apparatus, transformational leadership has a significant effect on the performance of Korem 011-Lilawangsa apparatus.
Keywords:
Digital leadership transformational leadership organizational commitment and apparatus performanceReferences
A. Arbuin., Et All (2024) The Effect Of Digital Leadership On The Performance Of Businesses: The Mediating Role Of Organizational Entrepreneurship. Winter.
Abidin Ali., (2022). The Influence Of Digital Leadership And Digital Collaboration On The Digital Skills Of Manufacturing Managers In Tangerang. International Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research (Ijair). Indonesia.
Ade Jaya Sutisna., Et All. (2023). The Influence of Ethical Leadership, Transformational Leadership, and Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment: A Correlational Study on Employees in Lebak Regency. The Asia Pacific Journal of Management Studies. Rangkasbitung, Banten, Indonesia.
Ahmad Gunawan et al. (2023), Digital Leadership Towards Performance Through Mediation of Organizational Commitment to E-Commerce in Indonesia, Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (Att), Vol. 5 No. 1sp, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Isola, Sukasari District, Bandung City, West Java 40154
Ahmad Gunawan et al. (2023). Digital Leadership Towards Performance Through Mediation of Organizational Commitment to E-Commerce in Indonesia. Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (Att). Bandung.
Aixia Chen Et Al. (2024). Digital Transformation As The Driving Force For Sustainable Business Performance: A Moderated Mediation Model Of Market-Driven Business Model Innovation And Digital Leadership Capabilities Heliyon, Vol 11 No 2, Malaysia.
Alfian, Mohd. Riza (2015). The Influence of Education, Training, and Work Environment on the Performance of Apparatus at the Forestry and Plantation Service of Bireuen Regency with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable, Thesis of the Postgraduate Program in Management Science (PPIM) Unimal, North Aceh
Allen, N.J., and Meyer, J.P. (2018). The Measurement And Antecedents Of Affective, Continuance, And Normative Commitment To Organizations. Journal Of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1–18.
Anwar Prabu, Mangkunegara (2018). Corporate Resource Management, PT. Remaja Rosda Karya, Bandung.
Aprida, Rina, Matriadi, Faisal and Adnan (2023). The Influence Of Service Leadership And Impact In Private Hospitals : ICOFEB Vol 1, Issue 1
Ardara, Mujiati, Utama (2012), Human resource management. First edition. Published by PT. Graha Ilmu Yogyakarta.
Arikunto, S. (2016). Research Procedures: A Practical Approach, 6th Edition, Published by PT. Rineka Cipta, Jakarta.
Aulia, Et Al. (2024). The Impacts Of Digital Leadership And Work Motivation On The Organizational Commitment Of State Middle School Teachers. Indonesian Research Journal In Education (Irje), Padang, Indonesia.
Bangun, Wilson. (2012). Human Resource Management, Jakarta: Erlangga.
Baron and Kenny (1986), Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in S. Leinhard (Ed).
Bass, B.M., & Avolio, B.J., (1990). "The implications of transactional and transformational leadership for individual, team, and organizational development". Research in Organizational Change and Development, 4, 231-272
Bass, B.M., & Avolio, B.J., (1994). "Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership". Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Bass, Bernard M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill's Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, and Managerial Applications. Third Edition. London: Collier Macmillan Publishers & Ronald E. Riggio. 2006. Transformational Leadership. Second Edition. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers.
Bernadin H. John and Joyce EA Russell (1993). Human Resources Management An. Expriental Approach. New York; McGraw. Hill.
Dami, W, D, Foen, JEH and Himae. HA (2022). The Influence of Employee Engagement, Organizational Commitment, and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance Through Job Satisfaction as a Mediating Variable, Volume 1, No. 2.
Debora Icha Ester Yolanda & Emma Yulianti. (2024). "The Influence of Digital Leadership on Creativity and Its Impact on Millennial Employee Performance: The Role of Leader Member Exchange (LMX)"
E. Sikula. (2012). Administration And Human Personnel ResourcesManagement. New York. A. Wiley Trans edition, by Jhon Wiley & Sons. Inc
Eberl Julia Katharina Et Al (2025). Digital Leadership Routines: Understanding The Role Of Artifacts In Digital Leadership Development. Information And Organization, 35, 100599.
Fakhrurrazi (2021). Antecedents of organizational commitment and its influence on the performance of Lhokseumawe Police officers, Postgraduate Thesis of the Management Science Program, PPIM) Unimal, North Aceh.
Farooqui, M. S., & Nagendra, A. (2014). The impact of person organization fit on job satisfaction and performance of the employees. Procedia economics and Finance, 11, 122-129
Ferdinand, Augusty, (2018). Management Research Methods, Guidelines for Research on Theses, Dissertations, and Dissertations in Management Science, Fifth Edition, Semarang: BP-UNDIP.
Garg, Naval, and Bijender Kumar Punia. (2017). “Developing High Performance Work System for Indian Insurance Industry.” International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 66(3): 320–37.
Gede Utarayana et al. (2020). The Influence of Organizational Culture, Work Motivation, and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Commitment. E-Journal of Management, Vol. 9 No. 1, Pp. 344–363. Faculty of Economics and Business, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
Gede Utarayana, Gusti Ayu Dewi Adyani, (2020) The Influence of Work Organizational Culture and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Commitment Bali, Indonesia. Udayana University.
Ghozali, Imam, (2020). Concepts and Applications with the AMOS 22.0 Program, 6th Edition, Semarang: Diponegoro University Publishing Agency.
Gomes, FC (2018), Human Resource Management, e-four print, Andy Offset, Yogyakarta.
Guanming Qiao Et. Al. (2024), The Strategic Role Of Digital Transformation: Leveraging Digital Leadership To Enhance Employee Performance And Organizational Commitment In The Digital Era, Graduate School Of Technology Management, Systems — Mdpi (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute), Kyunghee University, Yongin 17104, Republic Of Korea.
Guifang Wang Et Al. (2024). "Linking Digital Leadership And Employee Digital Performance In SMS In China: The Chain-Mediating Role Of High-Involvement Human Resource Management Practice And Employee Dynamic Capability"
Gunawan Ahmad et al. (2023), Digital Leadership Towards Performance Through Mediation of Organizational Commitment to E-Commerce in Indonesia, Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (Att), Bandung.
Hadi Syamsul. Year (2024). The Effect Of Digital Leadership And Organizational Support On Innovative Work Behavior: The Mediating Role Of Emotional Intelligence. General Management. Yogyakarta.
Hamzah, M. (2025). Digital Leadership and Digital Transformation in Encouraging the Performance of Islamic Public Organizations. Assyarikah: Journal of Islamic Economic Business, 6(1), 38–57. Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Al-Amien Prenduan University.
Handoko, T. Hani (2018), Personnel and Resource Management, 2nd Edition.
Yogyakarta: BPFE-UGM YKPN Company. Yogyakarta.
Hanny Liany. (2021). The Influence of Organizational Culture, Leadership Style, and Emotional Intelligence on Organizational Commitment. Journal of Business Management and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 261–266. Tangerang: Tarumanagara University.
Hasibuan, Melayu (2014), Human Resource Management. PT. Bumi Aksara.
Jakarta.
Husna, Syifaul, (2014). The Influence of Job Analysis, Education and Training on Civil Servant Performance with Motivation as an Intervening Variable (Empirical Study: Civil Servants of the Regional Secretariat of Bener Meriah City), Thesis of the Postgraduate Program in Management Science (PPIM) Unimal, North Aceh.
Indra & Lena Farida (2016). The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Commitment at PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Tuanku Tambusai Branch, Pekanbaru. Journal of Social and Political Sciences, University of Riau, Vol. 3 No. 2, October 2016. University of Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.
Irawan, Ari Lasta, et al (2023). The Influence Of Leadership Style On Organizational Commitment With Job Satisfaction As An Intervening Variable In Lhokseumawe Police. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration
|IJEBAS E-ISSN: 2808-4713
Ismail, Iriani (2016). The Influence of Organizational Culture on the Leadership and Performance of Regency Government Employees in Madura, Faculty of Economics, Trunojoyo University, Madura (UTM), Equity Journal Issue 1411-0393
Jarit Muhammad., et al. (2021). The Influence of Organizational Commitment, Work Discipline, and Employee Performance at Bank Kalsel Main Branch, Banjarmasin. Merdeka University of Malang, Malang, Management. Banjarmasi.
Joo, Baek-Kyoo (Brian), Hea Jun Yoon, and Chang-Wook Jeung. 2006. "The Effects of Core Self-Evaluations and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Commitment." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 33(6): 564–82
Kristanty Nadapdap. (2017). The Influence of Organizational Commitment on Employee Performance at PT Mitra Permata Sari, Medan (Research Location in the Medan Industrial Area). Medan.
Lubis Utami Widya, (2014), The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Quality of Work Life on Organizational Commitment, University of North Sumatra, Medan.
Luthans, Fred., (2020). Organizational Behavior, Twelfth Edition, McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. New York.
M. Sulhan., et al. (2023). The Influence of Transformational Leadership, Empowering Leadership, and Digital Leadership on Employee Performance. Yudharta Pasuruan University. Pasuruan, Indonesia.
Mahdinezhad, Maryam and Turiman BSat al, (2013). Transformation, Transactional Leadership Styles and Job Performance of Academic Leaders. International Education Studies; Vol. 6, no. 11 ISSN 1913-1920 E-ISSN 1913-9039 Published by Canadian Center Of Science.
Majid, Abdul (2019) Determining Factors of Job Satisfaction of TNI Konim 0103 North Aceh Apparatus, Thesis of Postgraduate Program in Management Science, Faculty of Economics and Business, Malikussaleh University, Bener Meriah.
Mangkunegara A (2018), Company Resource Management, Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosada Karya.
Marbawi, (2018). The influence of individual characteristics and transformational leadership on job satisfaction and performance of employees in Bank Aceh Syaria, Proceding EBIC, University of North Sumatra.
Marbawi, et al (2024). Analysis Of Organizational Culture, Work Engagement, Transactional Leadership On Organizational Commitment And Their Impact On Improving The Performance Of The Aceh Province National Police Apparatus, Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, ISSN: 2148-2403
Marissa Yuliani et al. (2022). The Influence of Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership, and Work Ethic on Organizational Commitment (Case Study of PT Akindo Karya Gemilang). Indonesian Journal of Business Economics (Jebi), Vol. 17 No. 1, June 2022. Indonesian Business College, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Mas'ud, Fuad., (2004). Organizational Diagnostic Survey: Concepts and Applications.
Banan Publisher Diponegoro University, Semarang.
Mathis, Robert and Jackson, John H (2018), Human Resource Management, 10th Edition, Salemba Empat, Jakarta.
Miftahun Ni'mah Suseno, Sugiyanto. (2010). The Influence of Social Support and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Commitment with Work Motivation as Mediator. Journal of Psychology. Volume 37, No. 1, June 2010: 94 – 109. Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta.
Mubarak Ahmad et al., (2016), The Influence of Transformational Leadership Style and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance with Organizational Commitment as an Intervening Variable (Study on Civil Servants in Watukumpul District, Pemalang Regency), Faculty of Economics and Business, Untag Semarang, Pemalang.
Muzakir (2019) Analysis of the Influence of Job Satisfaction and Work Motivation on Nurse Performance with Organizational Commitment as an Intervening Variable at Cut Meutia General Hospital, North Aceh, Thesis of the Postgraduate Program in Management Science, Faculty of Economics and Business, Malikussaleh University, Bener Meriah.
Mwaisaka, Davidson Mghanga, George K'Aol And, and Caren Ouma. 2019. “Influence Of Supportive And Directive Leadership Styles On Employee Job Satisfaction In Commercial Banks In Kenya.” Journal of Research in Management 2(3).
Nasir (2021). The Influence of Individual Characteristics and Job Characteristics on Civil Servant Performance with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable at the National Narcotics Agency of Aceh Province, Thesis of the Postgraduate Program in Management Science (PPIM) Unimal, North Aceh.
Nazili, Iqbal. (2012). The Influence of Leadership Style and Organizational Climate on Employee Performance: Work Motivation as an Intervening Variable. Diponegoro University Journal. Semarang.
Nina Nurani Et Al. (2024). "The Role of Digital Culture And Digital Leadership On Employee Performance In Facing Digital Transformation Study On West Java Msmes".
Noor, Juliansyah., (2013). “Management Research” Philosophical and Practical Review
First Edition, Prenadamedia Group, Jakarta.
Northouse, Peter. G., (2013). Leadership, Theory and Practice, Sixth Edition, Publisher PT. Indeks, Jakarta.
Nuclear, Et Al. (2025). The Improving Organizational Commitment Through Strengthening Digital Leadership, Personality, Team Effectiveness And Job Satisfaction: Empirical Study Using Path Analysis And Sitorem On Pkbm Tutors In Bogor Regency. International Journal Of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research And Studies, 5(2), 950–959.
Nurrahmi Aulia, et al. (2020). The Influence of Work Motivation, Organizational Culture, and Transformational Leadership Style on Organizational Commitment and Employee Performance (A Study at PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Kalsel Rantau Branch). Journal of Business and Development. Vol 9, No. 1, Issn 2541-1403, E-Issn 2541-187x. Banjarmasin.
Nursiva, H. (2024). Analysis of Digital Leadership, Competence, and Work Environment on Employee Performance.
Öngel, V., & et al. (2023). Digital Leadership's Influence On Individual Creativity And Employee Performance.
Permana, Buyung Satria (2020). The Influence of Competence and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance with Organizational Commitment as an Intervening Variable at PT. Perta Arun Gas Lhokseumawe, Thesis of the Postgraduate Program in Management Science (PPIM) Unimal, North Aceh.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 36,717 731.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008a). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40,879 891.
Puliwarna, T., S. Et Al. (2023). The Effect Of Digital Leadership, Organizational Culture, Digital Competence And Organization's Commitment On Organizational Performance: Information Technology System In Indonesian Navy. International Journal Of Scientific Research And Management (Ijsrm), Jakarta, Indonesia.
Purwanto Agus, et al. (2021). The Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), Transformational, and Digital Leadership on Performance Through the Mediation of Organizational Commitment in Family Businesses. Jenius: Scientific Journal of Human Resource Management, 4(3), 256–272. Pelita Harapan University.
Puspitasari, Ifa Septina, Maria Magdalena Minarsih, and Adji Saputra. 2019. "The Effect Of Transactional Leadership, Work Discipline, and Work Environment on Work Achievements With Motivation as A Mediating Variable." Journal of Management 5(5): 1–10.
Putri Pratiwi, (2012). The Influence of Organizational Culture and Empowerment on Organizational Commitment in Improving Performance, Volume 14 No. 1 City Jl, Nakula Semarang.
Rahmalia, Bismi (2018). The Influence of Leadership, Education, and Training on the Performance of Apparatus in the Regional Secretary of Bener Meriah City with Career Development as an Intervening Variable, Thesis of the Postgraduate Program in Management Science (PPIM) Unimal, North Aceh
Rahman, Andri (2016). The Influence of Work Discipline, Workload, and Work Environment on the Performance of Civil Servants at the Bima Marga Service, North Aceh Regency, with Work Motivation as an Intervening Variable, Thesis, Postgraduate Program in Management Science (PPIM), Unimal, North Aceh
Ranty Sapitri. (2016). The Influence of Organizational Commitment on Employee Performance at the Pekanbaru Area State Electricity Company. University of Riau. Pekanbaru.
Research Articles Issn 2623-2022 Volume 05, Number 08, August (2022) The Influence of Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Teamwork on Organizational Commitment (Study at Cv. Alfazza Abadi) Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University.
Rivai, Veithzal and EJ Sagala., (2014). Human Resource Management for Companies: From Theory to Practice, First Edition, Publisher PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta.
Robbins, Stephen P and Timothy A. Judge., (2020). Organizational Behavior, Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey.
Rumapea, EO, et al. (2024). Digital Leadership in Improving Organizational Employee Performance. National Journal of Holistic Science, 4(3), 454–460. State University of Medan.
Saebah, N. (2025). The Influence of Digital Leadership on Employee Loyalty with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable [Thesis, Universitas Cendekia Mitra Indonesia].
Samuel, L. & Ramli, AH (2024). The Effect of Digital Leadership and Employee Empowerment on Employee Performance Mediated by Organizational Commitment (Manufacturing Industry).
Schein, Edgar H., (2004). Organizational Culture and Leadership, 3rd Jossey-Bass Publisher, San Francisco.
Sedarmayanti (2018) Human Resource Management (Bureaucratic Reform and Civil Service Management). Refika Aditama. Bandung.
Sekaran, Uma., (2017). Research Methods For Business. Research Methodology For Business, Salemba Empat publisher, Jakarta.
Selviati, Veronika. (2012) The Influence of Leadership Style, Motivation, Work Discipline, and Compensation on the Performance of Apparatus in the Revenue, Budget, and Treasury Divisions of the Tanjung Pinang City Regional Leadership Council (DPPKAD). Journal of Raja Ali Haji Maritime University. Tanjung Pinang
Siahaan, Elisabet, (2017). Antecedents of Employee Performance and Its Influence on Employee Job Satisfaction: A Study Based on a Gender Perspective in the Banking Services Sector in the DKI Jakarta Region, Brawijaya University Postgraduate Program, Malang.
Siahaan, Elisabet. (2017) The Antecedent of employee's performance and the influence on employee job satisfaction in Banking Service in Indonesia. Banks and Bank Systems, Vol 12 issue 4.
Sukaris, Mayang Putri Prathiwi, and Budiyono Pristyadi. (2020). “Improving Employee Performance Through Engagement, Organizational Culture, and Leadership Style.” Equilibrium: Journal of Economics-Management-Accounting 16(1): 15.
Suprayadi. (2015) Human Resource Management, CV Andi Offset, Yogyakarta.
Susilaningsih, Nur. (2008). The Influence of Leadership, Discipline, Motivation, Supervision, and Work Environment on Civil Servant Performance. STIE AUB Thesis Journal. Surakarta.
Susilo Susiawan, Abdul Muhid, Gunawan, et al. (2023). Digital Leadership Towards Performance Through Mediation of Organizational Commitment to E-Commerce in Indonesia. Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (Att), Bandung, Indonesia.
Gunawan, et al. (2023). Digital Leadership Towards Performance Through Mediation of Organizational Commitment to E-Commerce in Indonesia. Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (Att), Bandung, Indonesia.
Suzanto, Boy. (2013). The Influence of Organizational Culture, Work Discipline, and Work Motivation on the Performance of Batujajar District Apparatus, Bandung Regency. Journal of Economics, Business & Entrepreneurship. STIE Pasundan, Bandung.
Wahyuni, Rika, Devi Ediani, Fitrah Sari, and Hadi Infari. (2022). “Work Engagement, Organizational Commitment, and Human Resource Development on the Performance of Millennial Generation Employees.” Jurnal Ekobistek, Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 323–332. Doi: 10.35134/Ekobistek.V11i2.323. Universitas Putra Indonesia “Yptk” Padang.
Wang, Y., Park, J., & Gao, Q. (2025). Digital Leadership And Employee Innovative Performance: The Role Of Job Crafting And Person–Job Fit. Frontiers In Psychology, Vol. 16.
Wibowo, (2014). Leadership and Organizational Behavior, 4th Edition, RajaGrafindo Persada, Jakarta.
Wijaya, Siswoyo Adi (2023) Antecedents of Organizational Commitment and Its Influence on the Performance of Bener Meriah Police Apparatus, Master of Management Science Program Thesis, FEB Malikussaleh University, North Aceh.
Wijaya, Zeska, JT, (2018) The Influence of Leadership on Apparatus Performance Through Organizational Culture and Organizational Commitment at the Bener Meriah Police, Postgraduate Thesis of Management Science Program, FEB Malikussaleh University, North Aceh.
Yasnimar Ilyas, (2021), The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture on Organizational Commitment at the East Bogor District Office, Economicus, Vol. 11 No. 2, Bogor.
Yudharta Sulhan. Year (2023). The Influence of Transformational Leadership, Empowering Leadership, and Digital Leadership on Employee Performance. The Muttaqien Journal of Economics and Business. Pasuruan, Indonesia.
Yukl, Gary (2018) Leadership in Organizations (7th Edition). Jakarta: Indeks
Yuniarti & Estu Mahanani (2024). The Influence of Digital Leadership, Organizational Commitment, and Compensation on the Performance of Millennial Employees (Pt. Pegadaian Galeri Dua Empat). Journal of Management and Banking (Jumpa). (Persada Indonesia University YAI, Jakarta, Indonesia).
Yuniarti & Estu Mahanani (2024). The Influence of Digital Leadership, Organizational Commitment, and Compensation on the Performance of Millennial Employees (PT. Pegadaian Galeri Dua Empat). Journal of Management and Banking (Jumpa). (Persada Indonesia University YAI, Jakarta, Indonesia).
Yuniarti Lestari, et al. (2024), The Influence of Digital Leadership, Organizational Commitment, and Compensation on the Performance of Millennial Employees at PT. Pegadaian Galeri24, Journal of Management and Banking, Vol. 11, Edition 3, Persada Indonesia University YAI, Jakarta, Indonesia
Yusriadi (2020). Determinants of Organizational Commitment in Improving Apparatus Performance at PT. Perta Arun Gas Lhokseumawe, Thesis of the Postgraduate Program in Management Science, PPIM) Unimal, North Aceh.
Yusrizal., et all. (2022). The Relationship between Principal Transformational Leadership and Teacher Work Motivation on Elementary School Teacher Organizational Commitment. Cjpe: Cokroaminoto Journal of Primary Education. Pamulang, Indonesia.
Zia'ulhaq, K., et al. (2024). The Role of Digital Leadership in Improving Organizational Performance in the Era of Digital Transformation. In Human Resource Management Volume 1 (pp. 74–90). Semarang State University.
Zulfikar (2019). The Influence of Individual Characteristics and Leadership Style on Organizational Commitment with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable at Korem 011/Lilawangsa, Aceh Province, Thesis of the Postgraduate Program in Management Science, PPIM) Unimal, North Aceh.
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ali imran, Herman Fithra, Marbawi, Jullimursyida, Mohd. Heikal, Sapna Biby
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
