THE EFFECT OF COFFEE AND RUBBER IMPORTS EXPORTS ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES IN INDONESIA

Hijri Juliansyah; Muhammad Ikram; Ratna; Umaruddin Usman; Ahmad Zubair

doi:10.54443/morfai.v3i4.1399

THE EFFECT OF COFFEE AND RUBBER IMPORTS EXPORTS ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES IN INDONESIA

Hijri Juliansyah

Muhammad Ikram

Ratna

Umaruddin Usman

Ahmad Zubair

This study aims to determine the effect of exports and imports of coffee and rubber on short run and long run of foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia. The study uses a time series data in the year 1990-2021 obtained from the world bank and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). This study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The results showed that in the short run coffee exports have a positive and significant effect on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves, whereas in the long run coffee exports have no effect on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves. The coffee import has a negative and significant effect on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves in the short run but in the long run it has a positive and significant effect on Indonesia’s foreign exchange reserves. The rubber exports in the short run, it has a positive and significant effect on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves, while in the long run rubber exports have no effect. While rubber imports in the long run and short run have a positive and significant effect on foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia.

Keywords: Export, Import, Coffee, Rubber, Austoregressive Distributed Lag

Amalia, S., & Titik, CS (2021). The Influence of Imports, Rupiah Exchange Rates, and Foreign Debt on Indonesia's Foreign Exchange Reserves. Development Economics Bulletin, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.21107/bep.v2i1.13847

Apriadi, GNS, & Setiawina, ND (2022). THE INFLUENCE OF EXPORTS, IMPORTS, INFLATION AND ACFTA POLICIES ON ASEAN-5 FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES FOR THE PERIOD 2005–2019. Udayana University Economics and Business E-Journal, 11(05).

Basuki, T. B, (2017) Vector Autoregression Analysis of HDI and National Income.

Dani, SCR (2020). The Influence of Export Import and Rupiah Exchange Rate on Indonesia's Foreign Exchange Reserves 2000-2019. Ecodunamika, 3(2).

Fadhilah, N., & Sukmana, R. (2017). The influence of the Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificate (SBIS), Jakarta Islamic Index (JII), inflation rate, and composite stock price index (IHSG) on the exchange rate: autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. Journal of theoretical and applied Islamic economics, 4(10), 315203. https://doi.org/10.20473/vol4iss201710pp833-846

Guampe, F.A., Lamintu, F.K., & Kayupa, O.O. (2023). The Influence of Exports on Indonesia's Foreign Exchange Reserves 2001-2020. Analysis, 13(1), 119–134. https://doi.org/10.37478/als.v13i1.2546

Hanum, DP, & Mulyadi, BS (2020). The Influence of Exports, Imports and the Rupiah Exchange Rate on Indonesia's Foreign Exchange Reserves for the 2014-2019 Period (Doctoral dissertation, STIE Jakarta International College).

Isramaulina, I., & Ismaulina, I. (2021). Foreign Exchange Reserves And Other Factors Affecting The Indonesian Economy (Period 2014-2018). E-Mabis: Journal of Management and Business Economics, 22(1), 62-70. https://doi.org/10.29103/e-mabis.v22i1.656

Khusnatun, LL, & Hutajulu, DM (2021). Analysis of Factors Affecting Indonesia's Foreign Exchange Reserves. Incentive Economies, 15(2), 79-92.

Mankiw, N.G. (2010). Macroeconomics (Seventh; S. Dorger, ed.).Worth Publishers.

Marisa, F. (2012). Analysis of factors influencing garlic imports in Indonesia 1980-2012. Sources, 20, 15-200. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/edaj/article/view/3820

Mufidah, A. (2011). Phillips-Perron Test Method for Testing the Stationarity of Inflation Data. 1-13. http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/id/eprint/6436

Mustafa, M., & Andriyani, D. (2020). The influence of exports and imports of cocoa and rubber on foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia. Unimal Journal of Agricultural Economics, 3(2), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.29103/jepu.v3i2.3189

Pangesti, DA (2023). Analysis of the Effect of Exchange Rates, Exports and Imports on Foreign Exchange Reserves in Indonesia for the Period 1992-2021. Insights: Journal of Management, Economics and Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.58192/wawasan.v1i1.194

Pridayanti, A. (2014). The influence of exports, imports and exchange rates on economic growth in Indonesia for the 2002-2012 period. Journal of Economic Education (JUPE), 2(2). https://doi.org/10.26740/jupe.v2n2.p%25p

Ramadhan, VL, Tasri, ES, & Karimi, K. (2015). Factors Affecting Indonesia's Foreign Exchange Reserves (1984-2013). Abstract of Undergraduate Research, Faculty of Economics, Bung Hatta University, 6(3). https://ejurnal.bunghatta.ac.id/index.php/JFEK/article/view/5139

Ratri Citra Fajar Asmara. (2018). Analysis of the Influence of Exports, Imports, Exchange Rates, Inflation and Foreign Debt on Indonesia's Foreign Exchange Reserves for the Period January 2014-September 2017. Development Economics Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Muhammadiyah University, Surakarta

Safitri, H. (2014). Analysis of Indonesia's Oil and Gas and Non-Oil and Gas Trade Balance on the Volatility of Foreign Exchange Reserves 2003-2013. Economics Development Analysis Journal, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v3i2.3843

Sonia, AP, & Setiawina, ND (2016). The Influence of the Exchange Rate, Rates and Inflation Rates on Exports, Imports and Indonesia's Foreign Exchange Reserves. Udayana University Development Economics E-Journal, 5(10), 1077–1102. https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eep/article/download/23551/16072

Tanjung, & Devi. (2013). Analysis of Factors that Influence the Indonesian Economy (ARDL Method). Academia Journal. http://ejournal.unp.ac.id/index.php/economic/article/view/2741

Ulfa, R., & Andriyani, D. (2019). Analysis of Factors Affecting Non-Oil and Gas Commodity Exports in Indonesia 1985-2017. Unimal Regional Economic Journal, 2(3), 128. https://doi.org/10.29103/jeru.v2i3.1712

Uli, L.B. (2016). Analysis of Indonesia's Foreign Exchange Reserves. Journal of Regional Financing and Development Perspectives, 4(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v4i1.3529

Yahya, ea (2015). Determination of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Models. 23-39

Yanuar, E., & Akbar, A. (2022). The Influence of Oil and Gas Exports and Imports on Indonesia's Foreign Exchange Reserves. KLASSEN, 2(2), 108–125. http://www.journal.unbara.ac.id/index.php/klassen/article/view/1701

Zaretta, B., & Yovita, L. (2019). Stock prices, currency exchange rates and reference interest rates in the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. Journal of Economic and Business Research, 4(1), 9-22. https://doi.org/10.33633/jpeb.v4i1.2318

Kartika K., Asran A., Erawati H., Ezwarsyah E., Putri R., (2022), Pelatihan Platform Arduino Bagi Siswa SMA Negeri 1 Baktiya Alue Ie Puteh Aceh Utara, Jurnal Solusi Masyarakat Dikara 2 (1), 1-5.

Hasibuan A., Kartika K., Mahfudz S., Daud M., (2022), Network Reconfiguration of 20 kV Sample Connection Substance LG-04 Lhokseumawe City Using Digsilent Power Factory Software Simulation 15.1, International Journal of Advances in Data and Information Systems 3 (1), 20-29.

Kartika K., Asran A., Harianto B., (2022), UTILIZATION OF SMARTPHONES AS HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE DISPLAYS FOR CONVEYOR CONTROL SYSTEMS LOGO BASED! WEB SERVER, MORFAI JOURNAL 2 (2), 255-264.

Badriana B., Kartika K., Jordan J., Salahuddin S., Meliala S., (2021), ANALISIS PENEMPATAN RECLOSER GUNA MEMAKSIMALKAN KINERJA SISTEM TENAGA LISTRIK DI JARINGAN DISTRIBUSI 20 kV PADA PT. PLN (Persero) UNIT PELAKSANA PELAYANAN PELANGGAN (UP3) SIGLI, Jurnal Energi Elektrik 10 (1), 30-34.

Ramasari F., Kartika K., Firdaus F., Nita S., (2021), Penggunaan Metode You Only Look Once dalam Penentu Pindah Tanaman Cabai Besar Ternotifikasi Telegram. Elektron: Jurnal Ilmiah 13 (2), 45-52

Syahayu W., Muthalib M.A., Kartika K., (2021). RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PENYIRAMAN KLOSET MASJID OTOMATIS BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER, Jurnal Energi Elektrik 10 (2),

Hasibuan A., Kartika K., Qodri A, Isa M., (2021).Temperature monitoring system using arduino uno and smartphone application, Bulletin of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering 2 (2), 46-55.

Sk R., Julsam J., Kartika K., Fendri A., Mulyadi M.. (2019). Implementasi Mini CNC Router 3 Axis untuk Pembuatan Huruf dan Gambar Berbasis GRBL 3.6. 1. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe 3 (1), 95-101

Julsam J., Sk R., Kartika K., Mulyadi M., (2019). Penggunaan Modul Multiplexer CD74HC4067 Untuk Menambah Input Analog Pada NodeMcu ESP8266, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe 3 (1), 363-369.

Kartika K., Sk R., Julsam J., Mulyadi M., Misriana M., (2019). Oven Otomatis Untuk Memanggang Kue Bolu Marmer Berbasis PID. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe 3 (1), 193-200.

Kartika K., Misriana M., (2018), Sistem Monitoring Transformator Distribusi Berbasis XBee Pro, JURNAL LITEK: Jurnal Listrik Telekomunikasi Elektronika 15 (2), 29-37.

Misriana M., Kartika K., (2018). Alat Patroli Lingkungan Perkantoran Berbasis Radio Frequency Identification (RFId) , Prosiding Seminar Nasional Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe 2 (1).

Sk R., Nazaruddin N., Kartika K., (2017), Pengaruh Volume Biogas Reaktor Anaerob Limbah Padi Terhadap Intensitas Cahaya Lampu Petromak, Poli Rekayasa 13 (1), 53-62.

Kartika K., Sk R., Sandra S., (2017), Kontrol Kecepatan Motor Penggerak Feeder Pada Mesin Pencacah Jerami Untuk Sistem Reaktor Biogas Berbahan Baku Jerami, Poli Rekayasa 13 (1), 21-29.

Kartika K., (2014), Otomatisasi Lampu Utama dan Lampu Isyarat pada Kenderaan Roda Dua Non Matik, JURNAL ILMIAH ELEKTRON 5 (1), 79-84

Julsam J., Sk R., Kartika K., Ramal S., (2012), Pembangunan Kontrol Unit Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATMEGA8, JURNAL ILMIAH ELEKTRON 2 (1), 57-68.

Muradi R., Kartika K., (2023),Fish Dryer With Temperature Control Using the Fuzzy Logic Method, International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology, Vol 3(1), 1-8 DOI: 10.52088/ijesty.v3i1.403

Muthalib M. A., Irfan I., Kartika K., Meliala S., (2023), Pengiraan Pose Model Manusia Pada Repetisi Kebugaran Ai Pemograman Python Berbasis Komputerisasi, INFOTECH journal Vol. 9 (1),11-19, DOI: 10.31949/infotech.v9i1.4233

Fauzan Y., Kartika K., (2023), Moringa Leaf Dryer Oven System Using Fuzzy Logic Method, International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology Vol 3(1), 15-21. DOI: 10.52088/ijesty.v3i1.405

Mina M., Kartika K., (2023), Monitoring System for Levels of Voltage, Current, Temperature, Methane, and Hydrogen in IoT-Based Distribution Transformers, International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology Vol 3 (1), 22-27. DOI: 10.52088/ijesty.v3i1.414

Harahap N., Kartika K., (2022), Microcontroller-Based Gas Detection in Transformer Oil, International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology Vol 2 (4), 119-126

DOI: 10.52088/ijesty.v2i4.380

Nasution S. W., Kartika K., (2023), Egg plant Disease Detection Using Yolo Algorithm Telegram Notified, International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology Vol 2 (4), 127-132. DOI: 10.52088/ijesty.v2i4.383

Nur Ilham, R. ., Arliansyah, A., Juanda, R., Multazam, M. ., & Saifanur, A. . (2021). RELATHIONSIP BETWEEN MONEY VELOCITY AND INFLATION TO INCREASING STOCK INVESTMENT RETURN: EFFECTIVE STRATEGIC BY JAKARTA AUTOMATED TRADING SYSTEM NEXT GENERATION (JATS-NG) PLATFORM. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 1(1), 87–92. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v1i1.27

Yusuf Iis, E., Wahyuddin, W., Thoyib, A., Nur Ilham, R., & Sinta, I. (2022). THE EFFECT OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND WORK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH WORK MOTIVATION AS INTERVENING VARIABLE AT THE OFFICE OF AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK IN ACEH. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(2), 227–236. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i2.191

Geovani, I. ., Nurkhotijah, S. ., Kurniawan, H. ., Milanie, F., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF VICTIMS OF THE ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE TO REALIZE LEGAL PROTECTION FROM HUMAN RIGHTS ASPECTS: RESEARCH STUDY AT THE OFFICE OF SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN BATAM CITY. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 1(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v1i1.10

Bustani, B., Khaddafi, M. ., & Nur Ilham, R. (2022). REGIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF REGENCY/CITY REGIONAL ORIGINAL INCOME IN ACEH PROVINCE PERIOD YEAR 2016-2020. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(3), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v2i3.277

Nur Ilham, R., Heikal, M. ., Khaddafi, M. ., F, F., Ichsan, I., F, F., Abbas, D. ., Fauzul Hakim Hasibuan, A. ., Munandar, M., & Chalirafi, C. (2021). Survey of Leading Commodities Of Aceh Province As Academic Effort To Join And Build The Country. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 1(1), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v1i1.19

Nur ilham, R., Likdanawati, L., Hamdiah, H., Adnan, A., & Sinta, I. . (2022). COMMUNITY SERVICE ACTIVITIES “SOCIALIZATION AVOID STUDY INVESTMENT” TO THE STUDENT BOND OF SERDANG BEDAGAI. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 61–64. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.312

Falahuddin, F., Fuadi, . F., Munandar, M., Juanda, R. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2022). INCREASING BUSINESS SUPPORTING CAPACITY IN MSMES BUSINESS GROUP TEMPE BUNGONG NANGGROE KERUPUK IN SYAMTALIRA ARON DISTRICT, UTARA ACEH REGENCY. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 65–68. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.313

Majied Sumatrani Saragih, M. ., Hikmah Saragih, U. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTIVATION AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION TO ICREASING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IMPLEMENTATION FROM SPP AL-FALAH GROUP AT BLOK 10 VILLAGE DOLOK MASIHUL. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.11

Sandi, H. ., Afni Yunita, N. ., Heikal, M. ., Nur Ilham, R. ., & Sinta, I. . (2021). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BUDGET PARTICIPATION, JOB CHARACTERISTICS, EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND WORK MOTIVATION AS MEDIATOR VARIABLES TO STRENGTHENING USER POWER PERFORMANCE: AN EMPERICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA GOVERNMENT. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.14

Sinurat, M. ., Heikal, M. ., Simanjuntak, A. ., Siahaan, R. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). PRODUCT QUALITY ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTEREST WITH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AS A VARIABLE INTERVENING IN BLACK ONLINE STORE HIGH CLICK MARKET: Case Study on Customers of the Tebing Tinggi Black Market Online Store. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.12

Ilham, Rico Nur. et all (2019). Investigation of the Bitcoin Effects on the Country Revenues via Virtual Tax Transactions for Purchasing Management. International Journal of Suplly Management.Volume 8 No.6 December 2019.

Ilham, Rico Nur. et all (2019).. Comparative of the Supply Chain and Block Chains to Increase the Country Revenues via Virtual Tax Transactions and Replacing Future of Money. International Journal of Suplly Management.Volume 8 No.5 August 2019.

Lasta Irawan, A. ., Briggs, D. ., Muhammad Azami, T. ., & Nurfaliza, N. (2021). THE EFFECT OF POSITION PROMOTION ON EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION WITH COMPENSATION AS INTERVENING VARIABLES: (Case Study on Harvesting Employees of PT. Karya Hevea Indonesia). International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i1.2

Rahmaniar, R., Subhan, S., Saharuddin, S., Nur Ilham, R. ., & Anwar, K. . (2022). THE INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ASPECTS ON THE SUCCESS OF THE CHIPS INDUSTRY IN MATANG GLUMPANG DUA AND PANTON PUMP. International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(7), 337–348. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i7.36

likdanawati, likdanawati, Yanita, Y., Hamdiah, H., Nur Ilham, R., & Sinta, I. (2022). EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT, WORK MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE OF PT. ACEH DISTRIBUS INDO RAYA. International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(8), 377–382. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i8.41

Nur Ilham, R., Arliansyah, A., Juanda, R. ., Sinta, I. ., Multazam, M. ., & Syahputri, L. . (2022). APPLICATION OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN IMPROVING BENEFITS OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (An Emperical Evidence from Indonesian Stock Exchange at Moment of Covid-19). International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(5), 761–772. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i5.410

Rico Nur Ilham, Irada Sinta, & Mangasi Sinurat. (2022). THE EFFECT OF TECHNICAL ANALYSIS ON CRYPTOCURRENCY INVESTMENT RETURNS WITH THE 5 (FIVE) HIGHEST MARKET CAPITALIZATIONS IN INDONESIA. Jurnal Ekonomi, 11(02), 1022–1035. Retrieved from http://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi/article/view/481

Nur ilham, R., Likdanawati, L., Hamdiah, H., Adnan, A., & Sinta, I. . (2022). COMMUNITY SERVICE ACTIVITIES “SOCIALIZATION AVOID STUDY INVESTMENT” TO THE STUDENT BOND OF SERDANG BEDAGAI. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 61–64. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.312

Wayan Mertha, I. ., & Mahfud, M. (2022). HISTORY LEARNING BASED ON WORDWALL APPLICATIONS TO IMPROVE STUDENT LEARNING RESULTS CLASS X IPS IN MA AS’ADIYAH KETAPANG. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(5), 507–612. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v2i5.369

Mahfud, M., Yudiana, I. K., & Sariyanto, S. (2022). HISTORY OF BANYUWANGI KALIKLATAK PLANTATION AND ITS IMPACT ON SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 3(1), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v3i1.492

Mahfud et all (2021). PEMANFAATAN TRADISI RESIK LAWON SUKU USING SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR SEJARAH LOKAL PADA SMA DI BANYUWANGI. Media Bina Ilmiah Vol.16 No.3 Oktober 2021. http://ejurnal.binawakya.or.id/index.php/MBI/article/view/1294/pdf

Sinta, I., Nur Ilham, R. ., Authar ND, M. ., M. Subhan, & Amru Usman. (2022). UTILIZATION OF DIGITAL MEDIA IN MARKETING GAYO ARABICA COFFEE. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(3), 103–108. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i3.467

Nur Ilham, R., Arliansyah, A., Juanda, R. ., Sinta, I. ., Multazam, M. ., & Syahputri, L. . (2022). APPLICATION OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN IMPROVING BENEFITS OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (An Emperical Evidence from Indonesian Stock Exchange at Moment of Covid-19). International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(5), 761–772. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i5.410

Mahfud et all (2020). Developing a Problem-Based Learning Model through E-Learning for Historical Subjects to Enhance Students Learning Outcomes at SMA Negeri 1 Rogojampi. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 485 (2020) 012014 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/485/1/012014

Bhat, R. M., & Rajeshwari, R. (2022). Social Status of Women in Early Kashmir. Journal homepage: www. ijrpr. com ISSN, 2582(7421), 26-31.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). An Analytical Study of the Kushan Rule in Kashmir. Journal of Psychology and Political Science (JPPS) ISSN 2799-1024, 2(04), 9-14.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). A Historical Study of Prostitution. Journal of Media, Culture and Communication (JMCC) ISSN: 2799-1245, 2(04), 1-6.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Women Exploitation in the Contemporary India: Importance of Media to Impede it. Journal of Women Empowerment and Studies (JWES) ISSN: 2799-1253, 2(02), 27-30.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Dr. BR Ambedkar’s Views on Religion and Conversion to Buddhism: An Analytical Study. Journal of Legal Subjects (JLS) ISSN, 25-31.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Ghandian Phase: Mahila-Samitis and the Role of Women in the Indian National Movement. Journal of Women Empowerment and Studies (JWES) ISSN: 2799-1253, 2(01), 26-29.

Bhat, R. M. (2021). Reign of Utpala Dyansty with Special Reference to Avantiverman (855-883 AD): His Irrigation Works and Agricultural Development-A Historical Study. International Journal of Agriculture and Animal Production (IJAAP) ISSN 2799-0907, 1(02), 10-16.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). CULTURAL HERITAGE OF EARLY KASHMIR-A STUDY. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(4), 571-576.

Bhat, R. M. (2019). Ghadar Movement: Har Dayal and His Ideological Formulations. Think India Journal, 22(14), 2353-2363.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Legacy of Buddhism in Kashmir. Journal of Psychology and Political Science (JPPS) ISSN 2799-1024, 2(03), 23-30.

Bhat, R. M. (2018). Shawl Industry in Kashmir from 1846-1907 with Special Reference to the Dogra Rule. In Source: Proceedings of the South Indian History Congress (Vol. 38, pp. 554-557).

Bhat, R. M. (2023). DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR’S ADVOCACY OF WOMEN RIGHTS. MORFAI JOURNAL, 2(4), 730-736.

Bhat, R. M. (2023). THE GHADAR MOVEMENT: IGNITING THE FLAME OF FREEDOM IN INDIA. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 3(4), 1123-1131.

Bhat, R. M., Rajan, P., & Gamage, L. (2023). Redressing Historical Bias: Exploring the Path to an Accurate Representation of the Past. Journal of Social Science, 4(3), 698-705.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Queen Yasovati: A Descriptive Study on her Leadership in the Kingdom of Kashmir. Journal of Psychology and Political Science (JPPS) ISSN 2799-1024, 2(05), 11-17.

Bhat, R. M., & Rajeshwari, R. (2022, December). DIASPORIC CULTURE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS-A HISTORICAL STUDY. In International Conference on Health Science, Green Economics, Educational Review and Technology (Vol. 4, pp. 41-46).

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Historical Review of Indian Constitution. TRADITIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, 1(02), 100-110.

Bhat, R. M., Silllalee, A., & Kandasamy, L. S. (2023). Concepts and Contexts: The Interplay of Philosophy and History in Understanding Human Society. East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(6), 2581-2590.