LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE REGULATION OF THE MINISTER OF HEALTH'S AUTHORITY IN MINISTER OF HEALTH REGULATION NUMBER 3 OF 2025 THAT EXCEEDS THE PRINCIPLE OF ULTRA VIRES
DOI:
10.54443/morfai.v6i2.4953Published:
2026-01-18Downloads
Abstract
This study examines the legal implications of Minister of Health Regulation Number 3 of 2025 in relation to the principles of legal certainty and the hierarchy of laws and regulations in Indonesia. The analysis focuses on provisions regulating professional disciplinary violations, particularly Article 4 paragraph (2), which grants the Minister of Health broad discretion to determine or add categories of disciplinary violations without clear limitations or explicit delegation from higher legal instruments, namely Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health and Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024. Such regulatory construction indicates an exercise of authority that exceeds delegated technical–operational functions and introduces new substantive norms, thereby constituting an ultra vires act within the framework of authority theory and normative hierarchy. Drawing on Hans Kelsen’s theory of the hierarchy of norms, the study argues that the validity of ministerial regulations depends on their conformity with higher norms. Moreover, from Gustav Radbruch’s perspective on legal certainty, norms that confer unlimited authority create ambiguity and unpredictability for medical professionals as subjects of law, undermining the law’s function as a clear and reliable guideline. The study concludes that regulatory provisions exceeding delegated authority pose serious risks to legal certainty and the coherence of the legal system, and therefore require revision to restore normative consistency and protect professional discipline within a rule-of-law framework.
Keywords:
Legal Certainty Hierarchy of Norms Ultra Vires Ministerial Regulation Professional Discipline Health LawReferences
Afdhali, Dino Rizka, and Taufiqurrohman Syahuri. “Idealitas Penegakkan Hukum Ditinjau dari Perspektif Teori Tujuan Hukum.” Collegium Studiosum Journal 6, no. 2 (2023): 555–561. https://doi.org/10.56301/csj.v6i2.1078.
Ali, Faried. Hukum Tata Pemerintahan dan Proses Legislatif Indonesia. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 1997.
Amiruddin, and H. Zainal Asikin. Pengantar Metode Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2006.
Anggraeni, Ricca, and Indah Mutiara Sari. “Menelisik Tertib Hukum Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang melalui Validitas Suatu Norma Hukum.” Crepido 2, no. 1 (2020): 35–45. https://doi.org/10.14710/crepido.2.1.35-45.
Asikin, Zainal. Mengenal Filsafat Hukum. Bandung: Pustaka Reka Cipta, 2014.
Astawa, I Gde Pantja. Dinamika Hukum dan Ilmu Perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Bandung: PT Alumni, 1990.
Attamimi, A. Hamid S. Peranan Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Negara: Suatu Studi Analisis Mengenai Keputusan Presiden yang Berfungsi Pengaturan. Disertasi Doktor Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.
Budiardjo, Miriam. Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Politik. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2008.
Claes, Erik, Wouter Devroe, and Bert Keirsbilck. Facing the Limits of the Law. Singapore: Springer, 2009.
Efendi, A’an, and Sudarsono Sudarsono. “Tindakan Ultra Vires Organ Pemerintahan dan Konsekuensi Hukumnya.” Masalah-Masalah Hukum 53, no. 2 (2024): 145–154. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.53.2.2024.145-154.
Fernando M. Manulang, E. Legisme, Legalitas, dan Kepastian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana (Prenadamedia Group), 2017.
Hamdani, Fathul, et al. “Fiksi Hukum: Idealita, Realita, dan Problematikanya di Masyarakat.” Primagraha Law Review 1, no. 2 (2023): 71–83.
Hans Kelsen. Teori Umum tentang Hukum dan Negara. Translated by Rasul Muttakin. Bandung: Nusa Media, 2010.
Hidjaz, Kamal. Efektivitas Penyelenggaraan Kewenangan dalam Sistem Pemerintahan Daerah di Indonesia. Makassar: Pustaka Refleksi, 2010.
Hoesein, Zainal Arifin. “Pembentukan Hukum dalam Perspektif Pembaruan Hukum.” Jurnal Rechts Vinding 1, no. 3 (2012): 307. https://doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v1i3.87.
Indroharto. Usaha Memahami Undang-Undang tentang Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara. Jakarta: Pustaka Harapan, 1993.
Irfani, Nurfaqih. “Asas Lex Superior, Lex Specialis, dan Lex Posterior: Pemaknaan, Problematika, dan Penggunaannya dalam Penalaran dan Argumentasi Hukum.” Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia 16, no. 3 (2020).
Julyano, Mario, and Aditya Yuli Sulistyawan. “Pemahaman terhadap Asas Kepastian Hukum melalui Konstruksi Penalaran Positivisme Hukum.” Crepido 1, no. 1 (2019): 13–22. https://doi.org/10.14710/crepido.1.1.13-22.
Mangaranap Sirait, Timbo, and Ignatius Bambang Sukarno Hatta. “Analisis Putusan PTUN No. 403/G/2024/PTUN.JKT: Diskrepansi antara Legalitas Formal dan Keadilan Substantif.” Jurnal Hukum 8, no. 1 (2025).
Maria Farida Indrati. Ilmu Perundang-Undangan: Dasar-Dasar dan Pembentukannya. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2006.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2007.
Mertokusumo, Sudikno. Mengenal Hukum: Suatu Pengantar. Yogyakarta: Liberty, 2007.
Mustakim. Pokok-Pokok Ilmu Perundang-undangan. Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group, 2023.
Ni’matul Huda. Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2005.
Ni’matul Huda. UUD 1945 dan Gagasan Amandemen Ulang. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2008.
Otto, Jan Michiel. “Real Legal Certainty in Developing Countries.” In Kajian Socio-Legal, edited by A. W. Bedner, S. Irianto, and T. D. Wirastri. Denpasar: Pustaka Larasan, 2012.
Purbacaraka, Purnadi. Perihal Kaidah Hukum. Bandung: Alumni, 1979.
Rahardjo, Satjipto. Ilmu Hukum. Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti, 2012.
Ridwan HR. Hukum Administrasi Negara. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2013.
Soekanto, Soerjono, and Sri Mamudji. Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2003.
Syamsuddin, Aziz. Proses dan Teknik Penyusunan Undang-Undang. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2011.
Yuliandri. Asas-Asas Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan yang Baik. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2010.
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nina Ayu Wandira, Fatma Ulfatun Najicha
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Downloads
How to Cite
