PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL STABILITY STUDY OF LINIMENT AS ANALGESIC BASED ON RED GINGER ESSENTIAL OIL (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE VAR. RUBRUM) DURING STORAGE
Main Article Content
Titi Agni Hutahaen
Atika Nirmala
Faradila Arifin Putri
Umi Muslihatun Nikmah
Red ginger essential oil (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) has potential as a natural analgesic applied in liniment preparations. However, the physical and chemical stability of this preparation during storage needs to be evaluated to ensure its effectiveness and safety. Changes in pH, viscosity, homogeneity, and degradation of active compounds can affect the quality of the liniment over time. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the physical and chemical stability of red ginger essential oil-based liniment under various storage conditions. The research methods include physical stability testing with organoleptic analysis (color, odor, clarity), pH, viscosity, and homogeneity. Chemical stability was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify changes in the content of bioactive compounds. The liniment was stored under three conditions: room temperature (25°C), accelerated temperature (40°C), and cold temperature (4°C). The organoleptic test results showed a light yellow color with a characteristic red ginger odor. The pH test results for the liniment fell within the required pH range. The comfort test using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) yielded results interpreted as very comfortable. Physical stability tests at three different temperatures showed stable results. GCMS testing at 40°C showed degradation of zingiberene compounds by 30-35%, including βsesquiphellandrene, champene and alfa pinene. Therefore, proper storage is a critical factor in maintaining purity and pharmacological efficacy.
Darmapatni, K. A. G., A. Basori, dan N. M. Suaniti. (2016). Pengembangan Metode GCMS Untuk Penetapan Kadar Acetaminophen Pada Spesimen Rambut Manusia. Jurnal Biosains Pascasarjana.Vol3No(18):62-69.
Hernani dan Winarti, C. 2011. Kandungan Bahan Aktif Jahe dan Pemanfaatannya dalam Bidang Kesehatan.
Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian,Bogor.
Mutia Sari, B. E. V. V. Y. “Formulasi dan Pembuatan Obat Gosok (Linimentum) Minyak Lada Hitam (Piper nigrum L.) dan Minyak Biji Cabai Merah (Capsicum annuum L.)” (Doctoral dissertation, Poltekkes tanjungkarang), 2019.
Nur, Y., Cahyotomo, A., Nanda, & Fistoro, N. (2020). Profil GC-MS Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder dari Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale) dengan Metode Etil Asetat, Etanol, dan Destilasi. Jurnal Sains Dan Kesehatan, 3(3), 198–204
Tritanti, A., & Pranita, I. (2019). The Making of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale rovb. Var. rubra) Natural Essential Oil. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1273(1), 1273.
Koensoemardiyah. 2009. A-Z aromaterapi untuk Kesehatan, Kebugaran, dan Kecantikan.Yogyakarta.Andioffset.
Fameli, R. (2020). Formulasi Balsam Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var.
Skripsi. Purwokerto: Akademi Farmasi Kusuma Husada
Mantiri, N.C, Awaloei H, Posangi, J. (2013). Perbandingan Efek Analgesik Perasan Rimpang Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinalel varr. Rubrum Thelaide) dengan Aspirin Dosis Terapi Pada Mencit (Mus musculus). Skripsi, Universitas Sam Ratulangi.
Lamtiur, T. 2015. Manfaat Jahe Merah terhadap Kadar Asam Urat. Jurnal Agromed Unila.2(4).pp530535. Sugiarti, L., Suwandi, A., & Syawaalz, A. (2011). Gingerol Pada Rimpang Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale,
Roscoe) Dengan Metode Perkolasi Termodifikasi Basa. Jurnal Sains Natural Universitas Nusa Bangsa, Vol. 1, No. 2, Juli 2011, 156 – 165.
Sumiyati, Y, Safira N.,Wiwi, W., Esti, M., Diah, K,P., Desi N,A., Novi, Y.,2022 Formulation And Evaluation Of Red Ginger Oil (Zingiber Officonale Roscoe) Balm As An Ananlgesic. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics. Vo 14,special issue (88-90)
Vasileios, B, Giovanna, A., Maria, D. L.B., Henrik, C., Mojca, K.L., Marylne, K., Marta, L. A., Secundino, L. P., Francesca,M., Balsatar, M., Alena., P., Mariana, P., Fernando, R., Yolanda, S., Roberto., E.V., Ruud, W, Paul, B., Andrew, C., Johannes, W, Lucilla, G., Paola, B., Andrew, C, and Birgit Dusemund, 2020. Safety and efficacy of essential oil, oleoresin and tincture from Zingiber Officinale Roscoe when used as sensory additives n feed for all animal species. EFSA Journal 2020; 18 (6): 6147.
José, F. S.N , Lázaro, G. N. , Cícero, F. B. F. and Damião, P.S.Analgesic Potential of Essential Oils. MDPI.23 Desember 2015.
Fadjriah, S. N., & Sari, D. (2025). Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sediaan Liniment Minyak Atsiri Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade) Kombinasi Minyak Atsiri Daun Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) sebagai Aromaterapi. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, 8(1), e728.
https://journal- jps.com/new/index.php/jps/article/download/728/382/4549
Purnama, I. (2021). Formulasi Sediaan Emulgel Minyak Atsiri Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) sebagai Analgesik. Skripsi, Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia. https://repo.upertis.ac.id/1420/1/INTAN%20PURNAMA.pdf
Azalia, A., Utomo, T. P., Suroso, E., Hidayati, S., & Yuliandari, P. (2020). Model Penyulingan Minyak Atsiri Jahe Merah Berbasis Produksi Bersih. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian, 2(2), 238-249.
Ariyani, H., & Widyastuti, Y. (2018). Evaluasi Sifat Fisik Krim Ekstrak Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale Rosc. var. rubrum) dengan Basis Vanishing Cream dan Cold Cream. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 16(2), 148-154.
Arya, A., & Kumar, R. (2017). Effect of Storage Temperature on Stability of Herbal Formulations.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9(1), 22–27.
Martin, A., Bustamante, P., & Chun, A. H. C. (2002). Physical Pharmacy: Physical Chemical Principles in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (4th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Sinko, P. J. (2011). Martin’s Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (6th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Sinko, P. J. (2011). Martin's Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6th Ed.
Aulton, M. E., & Taylor, K. M. G. (2017). Aulton's Pharmaceutics: The Design and Manufacture of Medicines, 5th Ed.
Sugiarti, L., Suwandi, A., & Syawaalz, A. (2011). Gingerol Pada Rimpang Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale, Roscoe) Dengan Metode Perkolasi Termodifikasi Basa.Jurnal Sains Natural Universitas Nusa Bangsa, Vol. 1, No. 2, Juli 2011, 156 – 165.
Sumiyati, Y, Safira N.,Wiwi, W., Esti, M., Diah, K,P., Desi N,A., Novi, Y.,2022 Formulation And Evaluation Of Red Ginger Oil (Zingiber Officonale Roscoe) Balm As An Ananlgesic. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics. Vo 14,special issue (88-90)
Vasileios, B, Giovanna, A., Maria, D. L.B., Henrik, C., Mojca, K.L., Marylne, K.,Marta, L. A., Secundino, L. P., Francesca,M., Balsatar, M., Alena., P., Mariana, P.,Fernando, R., Yolanda, S., Roberto., E.V., Ruud, W, Paul, B., Andrew, C., Johannes, W,Lucilla, G., Paola, B., Andrew, C, and Birgit Dusemund, 2020. Safety and efficacy of essential oil, oleoresin and tincture from Zingiber Officinale Roscoe when used as sensory additives n feed for all animal species. EFSA Journal 2020; 18 (6): 6147.
José, F. S.N , Lázaro, G. N. , Cícero, F. B. F. and Damião, P.S.Analgesic Potential of Essential Oils. MDPI.23 Desember 2015.
