BEYOND BUILDING CONDITION ASSESSMENT: THE INTEGRATED SCHOOL REVITALIZATION PRIORITIZATION ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT (ISRPAI)
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.21448336Published:
2026-07-20Downloads
Abstract
School revitalization programs are essential for ensuring the safety, functionality, and sustainability of educational infrastructure. However, existing school building assessment approaches primarily focus on physical building conditions and provide limited support for broader revitalization prioritization decisions. This study examines the current landscape of school infrastructure prioritization and school building assessment research and proposes an integrated assessment instrument for school revitalization prioritization. A literature review combined with bibliometric and thematic analyses was conducted using Scopus-indexed publications. Two datasets were analyzed: 108 articles related to school infrastructure prioritization and 46 articles related to school building assessment. Bibliometric mapping was performed using VOSviewer to identify dominant research themes, while thematic analysis was employed to synthesize assessment indicators and identify research gaps. The findings indicate that existing assessment approaches are predominantly oriented toward physical-condition indicators, including structural integrity, architectural deterioration, utility performance, and safety considerations. In contrast, educational demand, asset management, and regional context factors remain underrepresented despite their potential influence on revitalization priorities. Based on the identified gaps, this study proposes the Integrated School Revitalization Prioritization Assessment Instrument (ISRPAI), which comprises four dimensions: Building Condition, Educational Demand, Asset Management, and Regional Context. The instrument incorporates eleven indicators, including school capacity utilization, active classroom availability, land status, maintenance history, disaster vulnerability, accessibility, and socioeconomic conditions. The proposed ISRPAI extends conventional building condition assessment approaches by providing a more comprehensive basis for school revitalization prioritization and offers a conceptual foundation for future validation studies and decision-support systems in educational infrastructure planning.
Keywords:
school revitalization educational infrastructure building condition assessment infrastructure prioritization assessment instrument.References
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Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006), “Using thematic analysis in psychology”, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021), “How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines”, Journal of Business Research, 133, 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070
Earthman, G. I. (2004). Prioritization of 21st century school facility needs. American Civil Liberties Union Foundation of Maryland.
Lavy, S., & Bilbo, D. L. (2009), “Facilities maintenance management practices in large public schools,” Facilities, 27(1/2), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632770910923044
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2020). Improving school quality through educational infrastructure planning. OECD Publishing.
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., ... Moher, D. (2021), “The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews”, BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Schneider, M. (2002). Do school facilities affect academic outcomes? National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities.
Shohet, I. M., & Lavy, S. (2004), “Healthcare facilities management: State of the art review”, Facilities, 22(7/8), 210–220. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632770410547530
Snyder, H. (2019), “Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines”, Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
UNESCO. (2021). Reimagining our futures together: A new social contract for education. UNESCO.
van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2010), “Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping”, Scientometrics, 84(2), 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
Barrett, P., Davies, F., Zhang, Y., & Barrett, L. (2015), “The impact of classroom design on pupils' learning: Final results of a holistic, multi-level analysis”, Building and Environment, 89, 118–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.013
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006), “Using thematic analysis in psychology”, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021), “How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines”, Journal of Business Research, 133, 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070
Earthman, G. I. (2004). Prioritization of 21st century school facility needs. American Civil Liberties Union Foundation of Maryland.
Lavy, S., & Bilbo, D. L. (2009), “Facilities maintenance management practices in large public schools”, Facilities, 27(1/2), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632770910923044
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2020). Improving school quality through educational infrastructure planning. OECD Publishing.
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., ... Moher, D. (2021), “The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews”, BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Schneider, M. (2002). Do school facilities affect academic outcomes? National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities.
Shohet, I. M., & Lavy, S. (2004), “Healthcare facilities management: State of the art review”, Facilities, 22(7/8), 210–220. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632770410547530
Snyder, H. (2019), “Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines,” Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
UNESCO. (2021). Reimagining our futures together: A new social contract for education. UNESCO.
van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2010), “Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping”, Scientometrics, 84(2), 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
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Copyright (c) 2026 Paramitha Mega Putri, Fajar Sri Handayani, Ary Setyawan
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