DYNAMICS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FREE NUTRITIOUS MEAL PROGRAM IN NORTH SULAWESI: AN ANALYSIS OF MULTISECTORAL COMPLEXITY, LOGISTICAL CHALLENGES, AND SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGIES
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.21818579Published:
2026-07-27Downloads
Abstract
The Free Nutritious Meal Program (PMBG) is a national strategic policy designed to improve the quality of human resources by fulfilling the nutritional needs of schoolchildren, toddlers, and pregnant women as part of the Indonesia Golden 2045 agenda. However, the implementation of the program in North Sulawesi Province faces considerable complexity due to its archipelagic geographical characteristics, limited logistics infrastructure, multisectoral coordination, and challenges related to sustainable financing. This study aims to analyze the implementation dynamics of the PMBG in North Sulawesi by examining the complexity of intersectoral collaboration, food distribution constraints, and strategies to ensure program sustainability. The study employed a qualitative-descriptive approach using a regional case study design. Data were collected through the analysis of policy documents, government reports, statistical data, and a systematic literature review, and were subsequently analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, encompassing data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the successful implementation of the PMBG is strongly influenced by the integration of micro-level beneficiary data, strengthened cross-sectoral coordination, the optimization of local food as the primary supply chain resource, the development of a hub-and-spoke distribution model, and the enhancement of cold-chain infrastructure across archipelagic areas. Furthermore, program sustainability requires the diversification of funding sources, the digitalization of procurement and monitoring systems, strengthened food safety measures, culturally based nutrition education, and active community participation in program governance. This study confirms that the implementation of the PMBG in North Sulawesi requires an adaptive approach that integrates national policy with local conditions through collaborative governance, logistics innovation, and technology-based accountability systems. Such an approach is expected to enhance the effectiveness of nutritional interventions while strengthening food security and promoting sustainable human resource development.
Keywords:
Free Nutritious Meal Program (PMBG) Policy Implementation Multisectoral Coordination Food Logistics; Program Sustainability.References
REFERENCES
Abadi, M. N. P., Basrowi, R. W., Gunawan, W. B., Arasy, M. P., Nurjihan, F., Sundjaya, T., Pratiwi, D., Hardinsyah, H., Taslim, N. A., & Nurkolis, F. (2025). Unraveling future trends in free school lunch and nutrition: Global insights for Indonesia from bibliometric approach and critical review. Nutrients, 17(17), 2777. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17172777
Agustini, U. (2025). Efektivitas dan tantangan kebijakan program makan bergizi gratis sebagai intervensi pendidikan di Indonesia. Jurnal Kiprah Pendidikan, 4(3), 362–368. https://doi.org/10.33578/kpd.v4i3.p362-368
Alfrits. (2026). MBG putar Rp6,4 miliar per hari di Sulawesi Utara, ribuan warga miskin kini punya penghasilan. BeritaManado. https://beritamanado.com/mbg-putar-rp64-miliar-per-hari-di-sulawesi-utara-ribuan-warga-miskin-kini-punya-penghasilan/
Alwi, A., Susanti, G., & Sopia, N. (2023). Bureaucratic challenges in the implementation network of food diversification policy in Indonesia. KnE Social Sciences, https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v8i4.12934
Arisanty, M., Wiradharma, G., & Fiani, I. D. (2020). Optimizing social media platforms as information dissemination media. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 5(2), 266–279. https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v5i2.700
Badan Gizi Nasional. (2026). Dari Rp268T, 93% anggaran digunakan langsung untuk bantuan MBG. https://www.bgn.go.id/news/siaran-pers/bgn-dari-rp268t-93-anggaran-digunakan-langsung-untuk-bantuan-mbg.
Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan Republik Indonesia. (2025). Pemprov Sulut dukungan penuh makan bergizi gratis, Rp10 miliar di APBD 2025 untuk topang program nasional, menunggu juknis pusat. https://sulut.bpk.go.id/pemprov-sulut-dukungan-penuh-makan-bergizi-gratis-10-miliar-di-apbd-2025-untuk-topang-program-nasional-menunggu-juknis-pusat/
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. (2025). Profil kemiskinan di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara September 2024. https://sitarokab.bps.go.id/id/pressrelease/2025/02/02/61/profil-kemiskinan-di-provinsi-sulawesi-utara-september-2024.html
Boli, E. B., Baliwati, Y. F., & Sukandar, D. (2018). Komitmen politik dan peluang pengembangan kebijakan gizi pemerintah daerah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 14(4), 351–360. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v14i4.5104
Deswati, R. H., & Muhadjir, M. (2016). Dukungan aspek produksi dalam sistem logistik ikan nasional (SLIN) di Kota Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan, 10(2), 191–202. https://doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v10i2.1259
Fiorentino, M. (2015). Malnutrition in school-aged children and adolescents in Senegal and Cambodia: Public health issues and interventions (Doctoral dissertation). HAL. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01687697
Grindle, M. S. (1980). Politics and policy implementation in the Third World. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400886081.
Hasna, N. R., Setiawan, A., & Parhusip, H. A. (2018). Penentuan lokasi lumbung pangan berdasarkan gravity location models dengan koordinat UTM di Provinsi Maluku Utara. Jurnal Sains dan Edukasi Sains, 1(2), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.24246/juses.v1i2p7-16
Hidayat, S., Suryani, E., & Hendrawan, R. A. (2017). Sistem dinamik spasial untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi logistik pada rantai pasok pangan. INTEGER: Journal of Information Technology, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.31284/j.integer.2016.v1i2.64
Kandou, A. T., Pakasi, C. B. D., & B. N. (2017). Sistem logistik pertanian antar pulau dari Pelabuhan Manado. AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI, 13, 167–178. https://doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.13.3a.2017.18076
Lipsky, M. (2010). Street-level bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the individual in public services (30th anniversary expanded ed.). Russell Sage Foundation.
Mainje, M., Matumba, L., Harvey, J., Phiri, H., Gama, A. P., Phiri, A., Phangaphanga, I., Chizimba, R., Wamey, B., Gallagher, P., Rutto, E., & Leslie, J. F. (2024). Long-term sustainability of African school feeding programs: A review. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1424354
Michaud-Létourneau, I., & Pelletier, D. (2017). Perspectives on the coordination of multisectoral nutrition in Mozambique and an emerging framework. Food Policy, 70, 84–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.07.001
Pelletier, D., Gervais, S., Hafeez-ur-Rehman, H., Sanou, D., & Tumwine, J. (2018). Boundary-spanning actors in complex adaptive governance systems: The case of multisectoral nutrition. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.2468.
Pora, S., Muksin, D., & Rahmat, A. F. (2025). Implementasi program makan bergizi gratis pada pemerintahan Prabowo–Gibran: Solusi dan tantangan. Jurnal Noken Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 11(2), 635–650. https://doi.org/10.33506/jn.v11i2.4352.
Prima, S. D., Dinh, D. X., Reurings, D., Wright, E. P., Essink, D., & Broerse, J. E. W. (2021). Mixed methods review of a home-grown school feeding pilot in a poor ethnic minority community in Vietnam. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-150053/v1
Putri, M., Namira, A. R., & Chairunnisa, T. (2024). Peran makan siang gratis dalam janji kampanye Prabowo–Gibran dan realisasinya. Journal of Law and Social Society, 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.70656/jolasos.v1i1.79
S, N. S. R., Alwi, A., & Susanti, G. (2019). Complexity and public policy: Network model of food security policy implementation in Bone Regency. IAPA Proceedings Conference, 522–531. https://doi.org/10.30589/proceedings.2019.254.
Sekiyama, M., Kawakami, T., Nurdiani, R., Roosita, K., Rimbawan, R., Murayama, N., Ishida, H., & Nozue, M. (2018). School feeding programs in Indonesia. The Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 76, S86–S97. https://doi.org/10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.76.s86
Simatupang, D. O. (2013). Konfigurasi rantai pasok komoditi sayuran di Sulawesi Utara dengan biaya logistik, just in time (JIT), dan fleksibilitas. Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan, 6, 18–25. https://doi.org/10.29239/j.agrikan.6.0.18-25.
Solikin, S., Kristiani, K., & Gunawan, I. M. A. (2016). Pemberian paket gizi masyarakat proyek NICE berpengaruh terhadap kinerja posyandu, tetapi tidak meningkatkan status gizi balita di Provinsi NTB. Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia, 2(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2014.2(1).1-13
Sukmasari, D., Aritonang, S., Sudiarso, A., & Pujianto, K. (2025). Optimization of free nutritious meal supply chain program in support of Indonesia's non-military defense force. Jurnal Ilmiah Global Education, 6(3), 2202–2214. https://doi.org/10.55681/jige.v6i3.4195
Suparman, S., Nersiwad, N., & Darman, D. (2018). Rice supply chain in the zero area of rice plants. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 82(10), 250–257. https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2018-10.28
Sutikno, C. (2023). Implementasi Kebijakan Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) di Desa Tamansari, Kecamatan Karanglewas, Kabupaten Banyumas. Public Policy and Management Inquiry, 7(1), 683–697. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.ppmi.2022.6.2.8173.
Tambunan, K. A. H., Nababan, R., Siagian, R. A., Naiborhu, R., Harianti, S., & Jamaludin, J. (2025). Tinjauan kritis tentang program makan bergizi gratis terhadap produktivitas belajar siswa. Katalis Pendidikan, 2(2), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.62383/katalis.v2i2.1428
Tangkudung, A. G. (2025). Prabowo–Gibran's free nutritious food: Impacts on human capital and community economy. Journal of Comprehensive Science, 4(5), 1578–1590. https://doi.org/10.59188/jcs.v4i5.3146
Utama, I. M. S., Widia, I. W., Arthawan, I. G. K. A., Parker, J. F., Arya, N. N., Sayaka, B., Widyastuti, S., Dahlanuddin, D., Djarkasi, G. S. S., Sumual, M. F., & Sumendap, A. L. (2025). From farm to HORECA: Advancing sustainable value chains for tourism-driven agribusiness in Indonesia. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1639384
Wijayanti, D., & Widiawati, S. (2024). Optimizing logistics distribution in archipelagic economies: A case study of North Sulawesi. Logistica: Journal of Logistic and Transportation, 2(2), 81–94. https://doi.org/10.61978/logistica.v2i2.668
Yusriadi, Y. (2025). The impact of free nutritious meal programs on food security: A systematic review. Journal of Indonesian Scholars for Social Research, 5(1), 92–108. https://doi.org/10.59065/jissr.v5i1.177
Yusuf, R., Rosyidah, L., Zamroni, A., & Apriliani, T. (2020). Rantai pasok dan sistem logistik udang vaname di Kabupaten Pinrang, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Buletin Ilmiah Marina Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan, 6(1), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.15578/marina.v6i1.8494
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Franky R.D Rengkung, Johny Peter Lengkong, Efvendi R. Sondak, Zainul Abidin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Downloads
How to Cite
