PRIORITIZING OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS USING INTERNAL AUDIT AND FMEA
Published:
2026-09-06Downloads
Abstract
The implementation of an Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SMK3) is essential for controlling occupational risks and improving safety performance in construction projects. However, internal safety audits generally identify non-conformities without objectively determining their priority for corrective action. This study aims to evaluate SMK3 implementation in the KoeniKoeni Hotel Semarang construction project managed by PT Total Bangun Persada and to establish corrective-action priorities by integrating internal safety audit findings with Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). A case study approach was employed using internal safety audits, field observations, interviews, and document reviews. Audit findings were analyzed using FMEA based on Severity (S), Occurrence (O), and Detection (D), and the Risk Priority Number (RPN) was calculated to rank corrective-action priorities. The internal audit showed that 22 of 24 SMK3 elements met the established requirements, resulting in a compliance rate of 91.67%. Nevertheless, 20 non-conformities were identified from field audit findings. FMEA results indicated that failure to wear safety helmets had the highest RPN of 504, followed by damaged safety nets and uninspected scaffolding, each with an RPN of 360. Other high-priority findings included failure to wear safety shoes (RPN 336), failure to wear safety vests (RPN 288), and expired fire extinguishers (RPN 270). The findings indicate that the major risks were associated with unsafe worker behavior, inadequate supervision, and deficiencies in safety facilities. The integration of internal safety audits and FMEA provides a systematic and risk-based framework for identifying critical SMK3 deficiencies and prioritizing corrective actions. The approach can support construction project management in allocating improvement resources more effectively and strengthening the continuous implementation of SMK3
Keywords:
SMK3 Internal Safety Audit FMEA Risk Priority Number Occupational Safety Construction ProjectReferences
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Copyright (c) 2026 Bambang Suhardi Suhardi, Ahmad Rasyid Ibrahim Arsy, Pringgo Widyo Laksono, Andri Daeng Masiki
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