EMPLOYEE PSYCHOSOCIAL PROFILES: A PERSON-CENTERED ANALYSIS OF WELL-BEING, CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR, HAPPINESS, AND EXHAUSTION
Published:
2026-11-09Downloads
Abstract
Research on employee well-being, organizational citizenship behavior, happiness at work, and exhaustion often focuses on average relationships among constructs, which can mask heterogeneous employee experiences. This study reports a secondary reanalysis of 150 complete responses from a port-support service company in Surabaya, Indonesia, to identify employee psychosocial profiles. We standardized four construct scores and examined them using K-means solutions from k = 2 to k = 6. Candidate solutions were evaluated with the silhouette, Calinski–Harabasz, Davies–Bouldin, and gap statistics; the selected solution was then assessed for agreement with Ward hierarchical clustering and stability across 500 subsamples. The two-profile solution had the best silhouette and Calinski–Harabasz values and the lowest Davies–Bouldin value, although the gap statistic favored k = 4. For k = 2, the Ward–K-means adjusted Rand index was 0.820, and the mean subsample adjusted Rand index was 0.895. Profile 1 comprised 93 employees (62.0%) with higher well-being, citizenship behavior, and happiness and lower exhaustion; Profile 2 comprised 57 employees (38.0%) with the opposite configuration. Self-reported individual performance, excluded from profile formation, differed substantially between profiles (Hedges’ g = 1.93; 95% CI 1.54–2.41). The findings indicate psychosocial segmentation within this sample but require replication across organizations and time.
Keywords:
employee profiles employee well-being exhaustion organizational citizenship behavior person-centered analysisReferences
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Copyright (c) 2026 Pinky Pininta Dewi, Moh. Ainul Fais, Ony Kurniawati, Intan Saputri Ayuningtiyas
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