RESTORATIVE JUSTICE APPROACH TO CORPORATE PERPETRATORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES BASED ON NATIONAL LEGAL IDEALS
Main Article Content
Jeremia Sipahutar
Prija Djatmika
Lilik Mulyadi
Indonesia is a state based on the rule of law, placing law as one of the instruments for the state to uphold its national ideals and as a means to achieve justice, certainty, and benefit for all members of society. This study examines the application of restorative justice in addressing corporate environmental crimes within Indonesia’s legal framework. Although the National Criminal Code (KUHP Nasional) recognizes both individuals and corporations as legal subjects and acknowledges restorative justice, its implementation in environmental law enforcement remains limited. Law Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management still prioritizes a retributive approach, restricting the use of restorative mechanisms in corporate environmental offenses. Using a normative legal research method, this study analyzes statutory provisions and theoretical frameworks to explore the possibility of integrating restorative justice into corporate liability. The findings highlight the need for legal reforms to align environmental law enforcement with national legal ideals, particularly Pancasila. Incorporating restorative justice in corporate environmental crimes would emphasize remediation, victim compensation, and community involvement, ensuring a balance between legal certainty, justice, and environmental sustainability.
Achjani, Eva Zulfa & Indriyanto Seno Adji. 2011. Pergeseran Paradigma Pemidanaan. Bandung: Lubuk Agung.
Abidin, Andi Zainal. 1983. Bunga Rampai Hukum Pidana. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita.
Akib, Muhammad. 2012. "Wewenang Kelembagaan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup di Era Otonomi Daerah." Jurnal Media Hukum UMY, Vol. 19 No. 2, Desember, p. 12.
Ali, Chaidir. 2005. Badan Hukum. Bandung: PT Alumni.
Ali, M. Hatta. 2012. Peradilan Sederhana, Cepat, & Biaya Ringan Menuju Keadilan Restoratif. Bandung: Alumni.
Braithwaite, John & Heather Strang. 2001. Restorative Justice and Civil Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cragg, Wesley. 1992. The Practice of Punishment: Toward a Theory of Restorative Justice. London and New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
Fatwa, A.M. 2010. Pancasila Karya Bersama Milik Bangsa Bukan Hak Paten Golongan. Jakarta: The Fatwa Center.
Hamzah, Andi. 1977. Hukum Pidana Ekonomi. Jakarta: Erlangga.
_______. 2012. Restorative Justice and Indonesian Criminal Law, paper presented at the National Seminar of Ikahi in commemoration of the 59th Anniversary of Ikahi on April 25.
Harefa, Beniharmoni. 2017. "Peradilan Adat Nias dan Keadilan Restoratif." Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH), Vol. 3 No. 1, p. 40-49.
Hutapea, Daniel et al. 2018. Dinamika Perkembangan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Waris Bagi Masyarakat Adat Batak Karo. Jakarta: Puslitbang Hukum dan Peradilan Mahkamah Agung RI.
Ibrahim, Johnny. 2005. Teori dan Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif. Malang: Bayumedia.
Johnstone, Gerry & Daniel W. Van Ness. 2007. Handbook of Restorative Justice. USA dan Kanada: Willian Publishing.
Koeswadji, Hermien Hadiati. 1993. Hukum Pidana Lingkungan. Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti.
Kurniawan, Ardian et al. 2024. "Masalah-Masalah Hukum." Masalah-Masalah Hukum, Vol. 53 No. 2, p. 116-118.
Mahmud Marzuki, Peter. 2005. Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana.
Manan, Bagir. 2015. Restorative Justice (Suatu Perkenalan): Refleksi Dinamika Hukum Rangkaian Dalam Dekade Terakhir. Jakarta: Perum Percetakan Negara RI.
Motupalli, Chaitanya. 2018. "Notes and Comments, Intergenerational Justice, Environmental Law, and Restorative Justice." Washington Journal of Environmental Law & Policy, Vol. 8 No. 2, p. 333-361.
Muladi & Dwidja Priyatno. 1991. Pertanggungjawaban Korporasi Dalam Hukum Pidana. Bandung: Sekolah Tinggi Hukum.
Mulyadi, Lilik 2021,Membangun Model Ideal Pemidanaan Korporasi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi Berbasis Keadilan, Jakarta:Prenada Media Grup.
Pandji Setijo. 2010. Pendidikan Pancasila: Perspektif Sejarah Perjuangan Bangsa. Jakarta: Grasindo.
Preston, Brian. 2011. "The Use of Restorative Justice for Environmental Crime." 35 Criminal Law Journal, p. 136.
Prasetyo, Teguh & Arie Purnomosidi. 2014. Membangun Hukum Berdasarkan Pancasila. Bandung: Nusa Media.
Prasetyo, T. 2014. "Membangun Hukum Nasional Berdasarkan Pancasila." Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan, Vol. 3 No. 3, p. 213-222.
Rahardjo, Satjipto. 1980. Hukum Masyarakat dan Pembangunan. Bandung: Alumni.
Raharjo, Trisno. 2010. "Mediasi Pidana Dalam Ketentuan Hukum Pidana Adat." Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, Vol. 17 No. 3, p. 492-519.
Rangkuti, Siti Sundari. 1994. "Kesamaan Persepsi Terhadap Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan." Majalah FH Unair, No. 5 Tahun IX, Oktober, p. 18.
Reksodiputro, Mardjono. 1984. "Dampak Kejahatan Korporasi untuk Pembangunan." Dalam Kemajuan Pembangunan Ekonomi dan Kejahatan, Kumpulan Karangan, Pelayanan Keadilan dan Pengabdian Hukum. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia.
Setijo, Pandji. 2010. Pendidikan Pancasila: Perspektif Sejarah Perjuangan Bangsa. Jakarta: Grasindo.
Soemitro, Romy Hanitijo. 1984. Masalah-Masalah Sosiologi Hukum. Bandung: Sinar Baru Grafika.
Surbakti, Natangsa. 2014. Peradilan Restoratif Dalam Bingkai Empiri Teori dan Kebijakan. Yogyakarta: Genta Publishing.
Triwijaya, Ach. Faisol et al. 2020. "Dual Mediation: Penyelesaian Perkara Lingkungan Hidup yang Melibatkan Korporasi Sebagai Pelaku Melalui Pendekatan Restorative Justice." Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal), Vol. 9 No. 2, p. 401-428.
Waluyo, Bambang. 2017. Desain Fungsi Kejaksaan pada Restorative Justice. Depok: RajaGrafindo Persada.
Widowaty, Yeni & Fadia Fitriyani. 2014. "Membangun Model Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Masyarakat sebagai Korban Pencemaran dan/atau Perusakan Lingkungan oleh Korporasi dengan Prinsip Restorative Justice." Jurnal Media Hukum, Vol. 21, No. 1, p. 6-8.
Yulia, Rena. 2013. Victimologi: Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Kejahatan. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
Zehr, Howard. 1997. Restorative Justice. New York: Routledge.
_______. 2002. The Little Book of Restorative Justice. Intercourse: Good Books, Pennsylvania.
_______. 2003. The Little Book of Restorative Justice. Intercourse, Pennsylvania, USA: Good Books.
_______ dan Ali Gohar. 2003. The Little Book of Restorative Justice. Intercourse, Pennsylvania, USA: Good Books.
_______ dan Barb Toews. 2004. Critical Issues in Restorative Justice. New York: Criminal Justice Press.