AUTHORITARIANISM, PATRONAGE, FAMILY PESANTREN AND ELECTIONS: THE DYNAMICS OF POLITICAL DEMOCRACY IN INDONESIA
Main Article Content
The Pesantren people's involvement in politics is a new phenomenon regarded as an obstacle to the democratic process and progress. This paper goals to fill the hole in present research on the dominance of the Pesantren humans in nearby politics, which they appear to have strategically mastered. The methodology in this study concerned qualitative data accumulated via commentary techniques, interviews, and documentation. The outcomes have been analyzed, interpreted, and verified. The study aims to prove that the Pesantren family, including chief officials, utilized country facilities and worried about dynastic politics. The find out additionally explores the roles of social, economic, and political capital in election wins. Furthermore, they learn about how dynastic politics has weakened the democratic system and proposes a revision of modern election approaches to ensure fair elections by strengthening election supervision and encouraging voter education.
Aitamurto, K. (2021). Patriotic loyalty and interest representation among the Russian Islamic elite. In Religion (Vol. 51, Issue 2, pp. 280–298). https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2021.1865604
Arghiros, D. (2016). Democracy, development and decentralization in provincial Thailand. In Democracy, Development and Decentralization in Provincial Thailand. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315029139
Armoyu, M., & Azizah, N. (2020). Women’s Strategy in Political Dynasty. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.1-10-2019.2291703
Aspinall, E., & As’ad, M. U. (2016). Understanding family politics: Successes and failures of political dynasties in regional Indonesia. South East Asia Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967828X16659571
Azizah, N., Okwesili Nkwede, J., & Armoyu, M. (2021). The octopus-like power of Pesantren dynasty in the dynamics of local politics. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.1962056
Bae, Y., & Kim, S. (2013). Civil society and local activism in South Korea’s local democratization. Democratization, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2011.650913
Barry Cannon. (2016). The right in Latin America. Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group.
Barton, G., Yilmaz, I., & Morieson, N. (2021a). Authoritarianism, democracy, islamic movements and contestations of islamic religious ideas in Indonesia. In Religions (Vol. 12, Issue 8). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12080641
Barton, G., Yilmaz, I., & Morieson, N. (2021b). religions Authoritarianism, Democracy, Islamic Movements and Contestations of Islamic Religious Ideas in Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12080641
Basu, I. (2019). Elite discourse coalitions and the governance of ‘smart spaces’: Politics, power and privilege in India’s Smart Cities Mission. Political Geography, 68(July 2017), 77–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2018.11.002
Bjørnå, H. (2021). Reputational assets for local political leadership. Heliyon, 7(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07800
Boret, N., Gawande, K., & Kobb, D. P. (2021). Can decentralization lower poverty? Cambodia’s Commune and Sangkat Fund. World Development, 146, 105548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105548
Bruinessen, M. van. (2018). The Governance of Islam in Two Secular Polities: Turkey’s Diyanet and Indonesia’s Ministry of Religious Affairs. European Journal of Turkish Studies. https://doi.org/10.4000/ejts.5964
Chen, S. Y., & Urminsky, O. (2019). The role of causal beliefs in political identity and voting. Cognition, 188(May 2018), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.01.003
Corstange, D. (2018). Kinship, partisanship, and patronage in Arab elections. Electoral Studies, 52(March 2017), 58–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2018.01.006
de Man, H., de Man, H., Eden, Paul, C., & Steinberger, P. J. (2020). Equality and Democracy. In The Psychology of Marxian Socialism. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429339318-7
Deininger, K., Nagarajan, H. K., & Singh, S. K. (2020). Women’s political leadership and economic empowerment: Evidence from public works in India. Journal of Comparative Economics, 48(2), 277–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2019.12.003
Deutsch, J., Silber, J., Wan, G., & Zhao, M. (2020). Asset indexes and the measurement of poverty, inequality and welfare in Southeast Asia. Journal of Asian Economics, 70, 101220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2020.101220
el-Husseini, R. (2016). Is gender the barrier to democracy? Women, Islamism, and the “Arab spring.” Contemporary Islam. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-015-0324-4
Faizin, N. (2017). NAHDLATUL UlAMA (NU) DALAM DINAMIKA POLITIK LOKAL: Studi Kasus pada PEMILUKADA di Kabupaten Sumenep Tahun 2010. Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif. https://doi.org/10.14421/jsr.v11i2.1352
Geletkanycz, M. A. (2020). Social movement spillover: Barriers to board gender diversity posed by contemporary governance reform. Leadership Quarterly, June 2018, 101438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2020.101438
Goldstein, P., Losin, E. A. R., Anderson, S. R., Schelkun, V. R., & Wager, T. D. (2020). Clinician-Patient Movement Synchrony Mediates Social Group Effects on Interpersonal Trust and Perceived Pain. Journal of Pain, 21(11–12), 1160–1174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2020.03.001
Griffin, P. (2018). Diverse political identities within a working class presence: Revisiting Red Clydeside. Political Geography, 65(June), 123–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2018.06.002
Grusky, D., & Mills, C. W. (2018). The Power Elite. In Inequality in the 21st Century. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429499821-16
Hammond, M. M., Schyns, B., Lester, G. V., Clapp-Smith, R., & Thomas, J. S. (2021). The romance of leadership: Rekindling the fire through replication of Meindl and Ehrlich. Leadership Quarterly, June 2018, 101538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2021.101538
Haug, M., Aasland, A., & Aasen, B. (2020). Attitudes Towards Women’s Participation in Local Politics in South Asia. Forum for Development Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2019.1635525
Ho, N. T. T., Ross, H., & Coutts, J. (2015). Power sharing in fisheries co-management in Tam Giang Lagoon, Vietnam. Marine Policy, 53, 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.12.006
Inomata, T., Triadan, D., Maclellan, J., Burham, M., Aoyama, K., Palomo, J. M., Yonenobu, H., Pinzón, F., & Nasu, H. (2017). High-precision radiocarbon dating of political collapse & dynastic origins at the Maya site of Ceibal, Guatemala. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618022114
Kim, S. (2015). NGOs and social protection in East Asia: Korea, Thailand and Indonesia. Asian Journal of Political Science, 23(1), 23–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185377.2014.988277
Kopecký, P., Meyer Sahling, J. H., Panizza, F., Scherlis, G., Schuster, C., & Spirova, M. (2016). Party patronage in contemporary democracies: Results from an expert survey in 22 countries from five regions. European Journal of Political Research. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12135
Leonard, L. (2018). Mining corporations, democratic meddling, and environmental justice in South Africa. Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci7120259
Liddle, R. W. (1992). The politics of development policy. World Development, 20(6), 793–807. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(92)90052-W
Lucas, A. (2016). Elite Capture and Corruption in two Villages in Bengkulu Province, Sumatra. Human Ecology, 44(3), 287–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-016-9837-6
Mahajan, A., & Templer, A. (2021). Leader political skill, influence tactics, and member performance: Supplementary, complementary and contrasting perspectives. Journal of Business Research, 133(March 2020), 242–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.049
McGregor, J. A. (2013). Surveillance and the City: Patronage, Power-Sharing and the Politics of Urban Control in Zimbabwe. Journal of Southern African Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2013.858541
McWilliam, A. (2011). Marginal governance in the time of pemekaran: Case studies from Sulawesi and West Papua. In Asian Journal of Social Science. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853111X565869
Menchik, J. (2019). Moderate Muslims and Democratic Breakdown in Indonesia. Asian Studies Review, 43(3), 415–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2019.1627286
Mendoza, R. U., Beja, E. L., Venida, V. S., & Yap, D. B. (2016). Political dynasties and poverty: measurement and evidence of linkages in the Philippines. Oxford Development Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2016.1169264
O’Shea, B. A., & Ueda, M. (2021). Who is more likely to ignore experts’ advice related to COVID-19? Preventive Medicine Reports, 23(June), 101470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101470
Patrikios, S., & Xezonakis, G. (2019). Religious market structure and democratic performance: Clientelism. Electoral Studies, 61(December 2018), 102073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2019.102073
Prihatini, E. S. (2019). Women’s views and experiences of accessing National Parliament: Evidence from Indonesia. Women’s Studies International Forum, 74(December 2018), 84–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2019.03.001
Ruud, A. E., & Islam, M. M. (2016). Political Dynasty Formation in Bangladesh. South Asia: Journal of South Asia Studies, 39(2), 401–414. https://doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2016.1164107
Ruud, A. E., & Nielsen, K. B. (2018). Political Dynasticism: Networks, Trust, Risk. Studies in Indian Politics. https://doi.org/10.1177/2321023018797407
Saada, N. (2020). The Journal of Social Studies Research Perceptions of democracy among Islamic education teachers in Israeli Arab high schools. The Journal of Social Studies Research, 44(3), 271–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssr.2020.05.003
Sidhu, R. K., Kong Chong, H., & Yeoh, B. S. A. (2020). Student Mobilities and International Education in Asia. In Student Mobilities and International Education in Asia. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27856-4
Simbolon, S. (2021). ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND COMMUNICATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE (CASE STUDY AT THE NATIONAL HIGHER FOUNDATION Dr. WAHIDIN SUDIROHUSODO MEDAN). International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 1(1), 88–94. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v1i1.34
Simpson, C. R. (2016). Competition for foundation patronage and the differential effects of prestige on the grant market success of social movement organisations. Social Networks, 46, 29–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2016.02.001
Sisler, V. (2011). Cyber counsellors: Online fatwas, arbitration tribunals and the construction of Muslim identity in the UK. Information Communication and Society, 14(8), 1136–1159. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2011.579140
Sovacool, B. K., Baker, L., Martiskainen, M., & Hook, A. (2019). Processes of elite power and low-carbon pathways: Experimentation, financialisation, and dispossession. Global Environmental Change, 59(July), 101985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.101985
Sovacool, B. K., & Brisbois, M. C. (2019). Elite power in low-carbon transitions: A critical and interdisciplinary review. Energy Research and Social Science, 57(December 2018), 101242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.101242
Sumbas, A. (2020). Gendered local politics: the barriers to women’s representation in Turkey. Democratization, 27(4), 570–587. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2019.1706166
Sutisna, A. (2017). Gejala Proliferasi Dinasti Politik di Banten Era Kepemimpinan Gubernur Ratu Atut Chosiyah. Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpi.v2i2.9329
Tajab, M., & Yogyakarta, U. M. (2017). Glocalization on the concept of Islamic. 247–256.
Teguh, M., & Lubis, S. (n.d.). REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEM ON THE MECHANISM OF RESOLVING CRIMINAL ACTS OF REGIONAL HEAD ELECTIONS BASED ON INTER-AGENCY AUTHORITY. 2, 217–232.
Veltmeyer, H. (2020). Latin America in the vortex of social change: Development and social movement dynamics. World Development, 130, 104916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104916
Nur Ilham, R. ., Arliansyah, A., Juanda, R., Multazam, M. ., & Saifanur, A. . (2021). RELATHIONSIP BETWEEN MONEY VELOCITY AND INFLATION TO INCREASING STOCK INVESTMENT RETURN: EFFECTIVE STRATEGIC BY JAKARTA AUTOMATED TRADING SYSTEM NEXT GENERATION (JATS-NG) PLATFORM. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 1(1), 87–92. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v1i1.27
Yusuf Iis, E., Wahyuddin, W., Thoyib, A., Nur Ilham, R., & Sinta, I. (2022). THE EFFECT OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND WORK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH WORK MOTIVATION AS INTERVENING VARIABLE AT THE OFFICE OF AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK IN ACEH. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(2), 227–236. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i2.191
Geovani, I. ., Nurkhotijah, S. ., Kurniawan, H. ., Milanie, F., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF VICTIMS OF THE ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE TO REALIZE LEGAL PROTECTION FROM HUMAN RIGHTS ASPECTS: RESEARCH STUDY AT THE OFFICE OF SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN BATAM CITY. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 1(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v1i1.10
Bustani, B., Khaddafi, M. ., & Nur Ilham, R. (2022). REGIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF REGENCY/CITY REGIONAL ORIGINAL INCOME IN ACEH PROVINCE PERIOD YEAR 2016-2020. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(3), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v2i3.277
Nur Ilham, R., Heikal, M. ., Khaddafi, M. ., F, F., Ichsan, I., F, F., Abbas, D. ., Fauzul Hakim Hasibuan, A. ., Munandar, M., & Chalirafi, C. (2021). Survey of Leading Commodities Of Aceh Province As Academic Effort To Join And Build The Country. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 1(1), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v1i1.19
Sinta, I. ., Nur Ilham, R., Kumala Sari, D. ., M, M., Khaidir, K., & Ekamaida, E. (2021). Training The Processing Of Tomato Sauce For A Home-Based Business The Scale Of SMES. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 1(1), 26–28. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v1i1.24
Nur ilham, R., Likdanawati, L., Hamdiah, H., Adnan, A., & Sinta, I. . (2022). COMMUNITY SERVICE ACTIVITIES “SOCIALIZATION AVOID STUDY INVESTMENT” TO THE STUDENT BOND OF SERDANG BEDAGAI. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 61–64. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.312
Falahuddin, F., Fuadi, . F., Munandar, M., Juanda, R. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2022). INCREASING BUSINESS SUPPORTING CAPACITY IN MSMES BUSINESS GROUP TEMPE BUNGONG NANGGROE KERUPUK IN SYAMTALIRA ARON DISTRICT, UTARA ACEH REGENCY. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 65–68. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.313
Majied Sumatrani Saragih, M. ., Hikmah Saragih, U. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTIVATION AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION TO ICREASING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IMPLEMENTATION FROM SPP AL-FALAH GROUP AT BLOK 10 VILLAGE DOLOK MASIHUL. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.11
Sandi, H. ., Afni Yunita, N. ., Heikal, M. ., Nur Ilham, R. ., & Sinta, I. . (2021). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BUDGET PARTICIPATION, JOB CHARACTERISTICS, EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND WORK MOTIVATION AS MEDIATOR VARIABLES TO STRENGTHENING USER POWER PERFORMANCE: AN EMPERICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA GOVERNMENT. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.14
Sinurat, M. ., Heikal, M. ., Simanjuntak, A. ., Siahaan, R. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). PRODUCT QUALITY ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTEREST WITH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AS A VARIABLE INTERVENING IN BLACK ONLINE STORE HIGH CLICK MARKET: Case Study on Customers of the Tebing Tinggi Black Market Online Store. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.12
Ilham, Rico Nur. et all (2019). Investigation of the Bitcoin Effects on the Country Revenues via Virtual Tax Transactions for Purchasing Management. International Journal of Suplly Management.Volume 8 No.6 December 2019.
Ilham, Rico Nur. et all (2019).. Comparative of the Supply Chain and Block Chains to Increase the Country Revenues via Virtual Tax Transactions and Replacing Future of Money. International Journal of Suplly Management.Volume 8 No.5 August 2019.
Lasta Irawan, A. ., Briggs, D. ., Muhammad Azami, T. ., & Nurfaliza, N. (2021). THE EFFECT OF POSITION PROMOTION ON EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION WITH COMPENSATION AS INTERVENING VARIABLES: (Case Study on Harvesting Employees of PT. Karya Hevea Indonesia). International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i1.2
Rahmaniar, R., Subhan, S., Saharuddin, S., Nur Ilham, R. ., & Anwar, K. . (2022). THE INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ASPECTS ON THE SUCCESS OF THE CHIPS INDUSTRY IN MATANG GLUMPANG DUA AND PANTON PUMP. International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(7), 337–348. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i7.36
likdanawati, likdanawati, Yanita, Y., Hamdiah, H., Nur Ilham, R., & Sinta, I. (2022). EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT, WORK MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE OF PT. ACEH DISTRIBUS INDO RAYA. International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(8), 377–382. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i8.41
Nur Ilham, R., Arliansyah, A., Juanda, R. ., Sinta, I. ., Multazam, M. ., & Syahputri, L. . (2022). APPLICATION OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN IMPROVING BENEFITS OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (An Emperical Evidence from Indonesian Stock Exchange at Moment of Covid-19). International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(5), 761–772. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i5.410
Rico Nur Ilham, Irada Sinta, & Mangasi Sinurat. (2022). THE EFFECT OF TECHNICAL ANALYSIS ON CRYPTOCURRENCY INVESTMENT RETURNS WITH THE 5 (FIVE) HIGHEST MARKET CAPITALIZATIONS IN INDONESIA. Jurnal Ekonomi, 11(02), 1022–1035. Retrieved from http://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi/article/view/481
Nur ilham, R., Likdanawati, L., Hamdiah, H., Adnan, A., & Sinta, I. . (2022). COMMUNITY SERVICE ACTIVITIES “SOCIALIZATION AVOID STUDY INVESTMENT” TO THE STUDENT BOND OF SERDANG BEDAGAI. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 61–64. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.312