THE CHALLENGING OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS FACING OFFLINE LEARNING IN THE POST COVID-19
Main Article Content
The effectiveness of offline and face-to-face learning provides behavioral changes, its has been reduce during COVID-19 Pandemic. However, this study aimed to look at the challenges of elementary school students in dealing with offline learning after COVID-19 Pandemic. A literature review was used as secondary data in this research method. The data consists of social media, electronic media, and journals from May to June 2022. The analysis technique uses the NVivo 12 plus data processing application, a qualitative document analysis tool with computer assistance. The findings show that the most dominant offline learning challenges after the COVID-19 pandemic are excessive dependence on the internet (35.71%), decreased levels of intellectual and emotional intelligence (28.57%), two-way communication between teachers and students who are lacking (21.43%) and comfort online learning (14.29%). The implications of this research are increasing the literacy of school students, where students can filter useful information through more effective blended learning methods.
Abdullah, Walib. 2018. “Model Blended Learning Dalam Meningkatkan.” Ejournal.Kopertais4 7(1):855–66.
Adi, Sapto, and Abi Fajar Fathoni. 2019. “Development of Learning Model Based on Blended Learning in Sports School.” 362(Acpes):8–12. doi: 10.2991/acpes-19.2019.2.
Afrilyasanti, Rida, and Yazid Basthomi. 2022. “A Sudden Shift: Students’, Teachers’, and Parents’ Adaptation to Learning during and after Covid-19 Learning.” Pegem Egitim ve Ogretim Dergisi 12(2):143–50. doi: 10.47750/pegegog.12.02.14.
Agus Purwanto, Masduki Asbari, Mochammad Fahlevi, Abdul Mufid, Eva Agistiawati, Yoyok Cahyono, Popong Suryani. 2020. “Impact of Work From Home (WFH) on Indonesian Teachers Performance During the Covid-19 Pandemic : An Exploratory Study.” International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology 29(5):6235–44.
Alawamleh, Mohammad, Lana Mohannad Al-Twait, and Gharam Raafat Al-Saht. 2022. “The Effect of Online Learning on Communication between Instructors and Students during Covid-19 Pandemic.” Asian Education and Development Studies 11(2):380–400. doi: 10.1108/AEDS-06-2020-0131.
Alchamdani, Alchamdani, Fatmasari Fatmasari, Eka Rahmadani Anugrah, Nahda Putri Sari, Freddrika Putri, and Astina Astina. 2020. “The Impact of Covid19 Pandemic on Online Learning Process in the College at Southeast Sulawesi.” Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan 12(1si):129. doi: 10.20473/jkl.v12i1si.2020.129-136.
Aliyyah, Rusi Rusmiati, Rachmadtullah Reza, Samsudin Achmad, Ernawulan Syaodih, Muhammad Nurtanto, Ageng Sultan, Anna Riana, and Suryanti Tambunan. 2020. “The Perceptions of Primary School Teachers of Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period : A Case Study in Indonesia.” Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 7(2):90–109.
Apriyanto, Rohmad, and Adi S. 2021. “Effectiveness Of Online Learning and Physical Activities Study In Physical Education During Pandemic Covid 19.” Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani 5(1):64–70. doi: 10.33369/jk.v5i1.14264.
Baber, Hasnan. 2022. “Social Interaction and Effectiveness of the Online Learning – A Moderating Role of Maintaining Social Distance during the Pandemic COVID-19.” Asian Education and Development Studies 11(1):159–71. doi: 10.1108/AEDS-09-2020-0209.
Bahasoan, Awal Nopriyanto, Wulan Ayuandiani, Muhammad Mukhram, and Aswar Rahmat. 2020. “Effectiveness of Online Learning In Pandemic Covid-19.” International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 1(2):100–106. doi: 10.46729/ijstm.v1i2.30.
Bala, Bulus P. 2020. “Significant of Smartphone : An Educational Technology Tool for Teaching and Learning.” 5(5):1634–38.
Bariyyah, Khairul, and Leny Latifah. 2019. “Kecerdasan Emosi Siswa Ditinjau Dari Jenis Kelamin Dan Jenjang Kelas.” JPGI (Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia) 4(2):68. doi: 10.29210/02379jpgi0005.
Boutte, Gloria Swindler. 2012. “Urban Schools: Challenges and Possibilities for Early Childhood and Elementary Education.” Urban Education 47(2):515–50. doi: 10.1177/0042085911429583.
Cahyadi, Ani. 2020. “Covid-19 Outbreak and New Normal Teaching in Higher Education: Empirical Resolve from Islamic Universities in Indonesia.” Dinamika Ilmu 20(2):255–66. doi: 10.21093/di.v20i2.2545.
Castro, Mayleen Dorcas B., and Gilbert M. Tumibay. 2021. “A Literature Review: Efficacy of Online Learning Courses for Higher Education Institution Using Meta-Analysis.” Education and Information Technologies 26(2):1367–85. doi: 10.1007/s10639-019-10027-z.
Dalenogare, Lucas Santos, Guilherme Brittes Benitez, Néstor Fabián Ayala, and Alejandro Germán Frank. 2018. “The Expected Contribution of Industry 4.0 Technologies for Industrial Performance.” International Journal of Production Economics 204(August):383–94. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2018.08.019.
DIKRIANSYAH, FIKRI. 2018. “THE EFFECT OF GAMIFICATION ON STUDENTS’ ENGAGEMENT AND MOTIVATION IN THREE WSU COURSES.” Biomass Chem Eng 3(2):ثقثقثقثق.
Ding, Kai, Felix T. S. Chan, Xudong Zhang, Guanghui Zhou, and Fuqiang Zhang. 2019. “Defining a Digital Twin-Based Cyber-Physical Production System for Autonomous Manufacturing in Smart Shop Floors.” International Journal of Production Research 57(20):6315–34. doi: 10.1080/00207543.2019.1566661.
Erwen, Zhang, Zhang Wenming, and Jin Chengxing. 2018. “SPOC-Based Flipped Classroom of College English : Construction of an Effective Learning Model Elements in Effective English Learning Environment.” International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning 13(1):37–45.
Faradilla, Dhea. 2020. “Kontrol Diri Dengan Ketergantungan Internet Pada Remaja.” Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi 8(4):590. doi: 10.30872/psikoborneo.v8i4.5565.
Firdaus, R. J., S. Setiawan, and S. Weda. 2022. Displaying Power and Solidarity through the Pronoun Use in “The Voice Kids Indonesia Season 4.”
Firmansyah, Rizky, Dhika Maha Putri, Mochammad Galih Satriyo Wicaksono, Sheila Febriani Putri, Ahamad Arif Widianto, and Mohd Rizal Palil. 2021. “Educational Transformation: An Evaluation of Online Learning Due to COVID-19.” International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning 16(7):61–76. doi: 10.3991/ijet.v16i07.21201.
Fitri, Mardi, and Muhammad Abdul Latif. 2021. “Adaptive Learning for Early Childhood Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Aceh Jaya District: Online vs. Offline.” Al-Athfal: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak 7(1):27–38. doi: 10.14421/al-athfal.2021.71-03.
Frangos, C. C., and C. C. Frangos. 2009. “Internet Dependence in College Students from Greece.” European Psychiatry 24(S1):1–1. doi: 10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70652-2.
Glazer, James E., Nicholas J. Kelley, Narun Pornpattananangkul, Vijay A. Mittal, and Robin Nusslock. 2018. “Beyond the FRN: Broadening the Time-Course of EEG and ERP Components Implicated in Reward Processing.” International Journal of Psychophysiology 132:184–202. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.02.002.
Hamid, Rimba, Izlan Sentryo, and Sakka Hasan. 2020. “Online Learning and Its Problems in the Covid-19 Emergency Period.” Jurnal Prima Edukasia 8(1):86–95. doi: 10.21831/jpe.v8i1.32165.
Hart, Cassandra M. D., Dan Berger, Brian Jacob, Susanna Loeb, and Michael Hill. 2019. “Online Learning, Offline Outcomes: Online Course Taking and High School Student Performance.” AERA Open 5(1):1–17. doi: 10.1177/2332858419832852.
Huang, Ronghuai, Ahmed Tlili, Huanhuan Wang, Yihong Shi, Curtis J. Bonk, Junfeng Yang, and Daniel Burgos. 2021. “Emergence of the Online-Merge-Offline (OMO) Learning Wave in the Post-COVID-19 Era: A Pilot Study.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 13(6):1–17. doi: 10.3390/su13063512.
Isaacs, Susan. 2018. Intellectual Growth in Young Children. Routledge.
Jalinus, Nizwardi, Unung Verawardina, Rahmat Azis Nabawi, Yudi Darma, Negeri Padang, Jl Hamka, and Air Tawar Barat. 2021. “Developing Blended Learning Model in Vocational Education Based On 21st Century Integrated Learning and Industrial Revolution 4.0.” Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education 12(9):1276–91.
Jun, Woochun. 2021. “A Study on the Cause Analysis and Solutions of Overdependence on Smartphones in Korean Teenagers.” International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 11(8):31–41. doi: 10.46338/IJETAE0821_05.
Kanca, I. Nyoman, Gede Ginaya, and Ni Nyoman Sri Astuti. 2020. “Effectiveness of the Problem Solving Method on Learning Outcomes of the English Course for Room Division Operation during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture 7(1):12–22. doi: 10.21744/ijllc.v7n1.1102.
King, Nathan L. 2021. The Excellent Mind: Intellectual Virtues for Everyday Life. Oxford University Press.
Kivunja, Charles. 2018. “Distinguishing between Theory, Theoretical Framework, and Conceptual Framework: A Systematic Review of Lessons from the Field.” International Journal of Higher Education 7(6):44–53. doi: 10.5430/ijhe.v7n6p44.
Kuron, M. A., and M. L. Tompodung. 2020. “Development of Integrated Offline Learning Multimedia to Improve Student Learning Out Comes.” International Journal of Global Operations Research 1(1):6–19. doi: 10.47194/ijgor.v1i1.14.
Lase, Delipiter, Trisa Genia Chrisantiana Zega, Dorkas Orienti Daeli, and Sonny Eli Zaluchu. 2022. “Parents’ Perceptions of Distance Learning during COVID-19 in Rural Indonesia.” Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) 16(1):103–13. doi: 10.11591/edulearn.v16i1.20122.
Leenders, Hélène, Johan de Jong, Mélanie Monfrance, and Carla Haelermans. 2019. “Building Strong Parent–Teacher Relationships in Primary Education: The Challenge of Two-Way Communication.” Cambridge Journal of Education 49(4):519–33. doi: 10.1080/0305764X.2019.1566442.
Li, Xin. 2022. “Mobile Platform for MOCC Music Hybrid Teaching Based on Convolutional Neural Network.” Mobile Information Systems 2022. doi: 10.1155/2022/2456151.
Liu, Yang. 2021. “Blended Learning of Management Courses Based on Learning Behaviour Analysis.” International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning 16(9):150–65. doi: 10.3991/ijet.v16i09.22741.
Lufri, Lufri, Sintia Elmanazifa, and Azwir Anhar. 2021. “The Effect of Problem-Based Learning Model in Information Technology Intervention on Communication Skills.” Ta’dib 24(1):46. doi: 10.31958/jt.v24i1.2456.
Mahfouz, Julia. 2018. “Mindfulness Training for School Administrators: Effects on Well-Being and Leadership.” Journal of Educational Administration 56(6):602–19. doi: 10.1108/JEA-12-2017-0171.
Margaretha, Meily, Susanti Saragih, Ana Mariana, and Kristin Monica Simatupang. 2022. “Academic Procrastination and Cyberloafing Behavior: A Case Study of Students in Indonesia.” Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 17(3):752–64. doi: 10.18844/cjes.v17i3.6904.
Marhani Intan, Intan, and Osly Usman. n.d. “The Influence of Emotional Intelligence (EQ), Intellectual Intelligence (IQ), and Spiritual Intelligence (SQ) on the Ethical Attitudes of Students of The.” 1–30.
Mbabazi, Businge Phelix, Guma Ali, Andogah Geoffrey, and Nkamwesiga Lawrence. 2018. “Mobile Devices for Learning in Universities : Challenges and Effects of Usage.” 2(9):1–7. doi: 10.20944/preprints201805.0289.v1.
Mendoza, Jasper Jay Nievera. 2020. “Pre-Service Teachers’ Reflection Logs: Pieces of Evidence of Transformative Teaching and Emancipation.” International Journal of Higher Education 9(6):200. doi: 10.5430/ijhe.v9n6p200.
Modarresi, Ghasem, and Elham Javan. 2018. “Construction and Validation of Foreign Language Learners’ Dropout Questionnaire.” International Journal of Instruction 11(4):425–44. doi: 10.12973/iji.2018.11427a.
Mohammed, Kurdistan Salih, Chnar Abdullah Rashid, Hajar Abdulqadir Salih, and Taylan Budur. 2020. “The Role of Online Teaching Tools on the Perception of the Students during the Lockdown of Covid-19.” International Journal of Social Sciences and Educational Studies 7(3):178–90. doi: 10.23918/ijsses.v7i3p178.
Mok, Ka Ho, Weiyan Xiong, and Hamzah Nor Bin Aedy Rahman. 2021. “COVID-19 Pandemic’s Disruption on University Teaching and Learning and Competence Cultivation: Student Evaluation of Online Learning Experiences in Hong Kong.” International Journal of Chinese Education 10(1). doi: 10.1177/22125868211007011.
Moletsane, R., and C. Venter. 2018. “The 21st Century Learning Environment Tools as Electronic Waste.” Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science 2237:188–92.
Mseleku, Zethembe. 2020. “A Literature Review of E-Learning and E-Teaching in the Era of Covid-19 Pandemic.” International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5(10):588–97.
Munastiwi, Erni, and Sri Puryono. 2021. “Unprepared Management Decreases Education Performance in Kindergartens during Covid-19 Pandemic.” Heliyon 7(5):e07138. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07138.
Murugesan, Sudhakar, and Nalini Chidambaram. 2020. “Success of Online Teaching and Learning in Higher Education-Covid 19 Pandemic: A Case Study Valley View University, Ghana.” International Journal of Applied Engineering Research 15(7):735–38.
Muthuprasad, T., S. Aiswarya, K. S. Aditya, and Girish K. Jha. 2021. “Students’ Perception and Preference for Online Education in India during COVID -19 Pandemic.” Social Sciences & Humanities Open 3(1):100101. doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100101.
Nair, Ashvin, Abhishek Gupta, Murtaza Dalal, and Sergey Levine. 2020. “AWAC: Accelerating Online Reinforcement Learning with Offline Datasets.”
Najib, Moch., and Agus Mursidi. 2021. “Effectiveness of Offline and Online Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic.” Linguistics and Culture Review 6(July 2021):1–11. doi: 10.21744/lingcure.v6ns3.1890.
Olivier-Pijpers, Vanessa C., Jane M. Cramm, and Anna P. Nieboer. 2019. “Influence of the Organizational Environment on Challenging Behaviour in People with Intellectual Disabilities: Professionals’ Views.” Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 32(3):610–21. doi: 10.1111/jar.12555.
Onditi, Sharon Anyango, Wilson Adina P. Otengah, and Benson Charles Odongo. 2018. “Influence of Teachers Perceptions on Play-Based Activities in Pre-School Curriculum Implementation in Homabay Country.” International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention 7(09):62–72. doi: 10.9790/0837-2309030416.
Park, Eun Young. 2021. “Relation Between the Degree of Use of Smartphones and Negative Emotions in People With Visual Impairment.” Frontiers in Psychology 12(May). doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.653796.
Parker, A. 1999. “Interaction in Distance Education : The Critical Conversation THE PEDAGOGICAL PROCESS.” Educational Technology Review (c):13--17.
Prasetyo, Dhaniel, Rudini Rudini, Ryan Prayogi, Ilham Rahmawati, and Arman Syah Putra. 2021. “The Effect of the Covid 19 Virus and Online Learning on English Subjects in Elementary Schools.” International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences 2(3):488–93. doi: 10.51601/ijersc.v2i3.101.
Pratikto, Fransiscus Rian. 2020. “Prediksi Akhir Pandemi COVID-19 Di Indonesia Dengan Simulasi Berbasis Model Pertumbuhan Parametrik.” Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Industri 9(2):63–68. doi: 10.26593/jrsi.v9i2.4018.63-68.
Putri, Ratna Setyowati, Agus Purwanto, Rudy Pramono, Masduki Asbari, Laksmi Mayesti Wijayanti, and Choi Chi Hyun. 2020. “Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Online Home Learning: An Explorative Study of Primary Schools in Indonesia.” International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology 29(5):4809–18.
Rahardjanto, Abdulkadir, Husamah, and Ahmad Fauzi. 2019. “Hybrid-PjBL: Learning Outcomes, Creative Thinking Skills, and Learning Motivation of Preservice Teacher.” International Journal of Instruction 12(2):179–92. doi: 10.29333/iji.2019.12212a.
Rahiem, Maila D. H. 2020. “The Emergency Remote Learning Experience of University Students in Indonesia amidst the COVID-19 Crisis.” International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 19(6):1–26. doi: 10.26803/ijlter.19.6.1.
Rahmatullah, Azam Syukur, E. Mulyasa, Syahrani Syahrani, Fien Pongpalilu, and Riana Eka Putri. 2022. “Digital Era 4.0.” Linguistics and Culture Review 6:89–107. doi: 10.21744/lingcure.v6ns3.2064.
Ramadhan, Iwan, Ayu Manisah, Dini Agra Angraini, Diah Maulida, Sana Sana, and Nurul Hafiza. 2022. “Proses Perubahan Pembelajaran Siswa Dari Daring Ke Luring Pada Saat Pandemi Covid-19 Di Madrasah Tsanawiyah.” Edukatif : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 4(2):1783–92. doi: 10.31004/edukatif.v4i2.2200.
Rasheed, Rasheed Abubakar, Amirrudin Kamsin, and Nor Aniza Abdullah. 2020. “Challenges in the Online Component of Blended Learning: A Systematic Review.” Computers and Education 144(September 2019):103701. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103701.
Rasmitadila, Widyasari, Megan Asri Humaira, Anna Riana Suryanti Tambunan, Reza Rachmadtullah, and Achmad Samsudin. 2020. “Using Blended Learning Approach (BLA) in Inclusive Education Course: A Study Investigating Teacher Students’ Perception.” International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning 15(2):72–85. doi: 10.3991/ijet.v15i02.9285.
Retnawati, Heri, Hasan Djidu, Kartianom, Ezi Apino, and Risqa D. Anazifa. 2018. “Teachers’ Knowledge about Higher-Order Thinking Skills and Its Learning Strategy.” Problems of Education in the 21st Century 76(2):215–30. doi: 10.33225/pec/18.76.215.
Riskiono, Sampurna Dadi, Lulud Oktaviani, and Fatimah Mulya Sari. 2021. “Implementation of the School Solar Panel System To Support the Availability of Electricity Supply At Sdn 4 Mesuji Timur.” IJISCS (International Journal of Information System and Computer Science) 5(1):34–41.
Saksono, Herman, Carmen Castaneda-Sceppa, Jessica Hoffman, Magy Seif El-Nasr, Vivien Morris, and Andrea G. Parker. 2018. “Family Health Promotion in Low-SES Neighborhoods: A Two-Month Study of Wearable Activity Tracking.” Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings 2018-April:1–13. doi: 10.1145/3173574.3173883.
Sartika, Fitria. 2020. “Implementasion of Islamic Religious Education Mdrasah Ibtidaiyah During Covid-19 Pandemic.” 4(2):97–117.
Sathishkumar, V., R. Radha, Ar Saravanakumar, and K. Mahalakshmi. 2020. “E-Learning during Lockdown of Covid-19 Pandemic: A Global Perspective.” International Journal of Control and Automation 13(June):1088–99.
Satyawan, I. Made, Wahjoedi Wahjoedi, and I. Ketut Iwan Swadesi. 2021. “The Effectiveness of Online Learning Through Undiksha E-Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic.” Journal of Education Technology 5(2):191. doi: 10.23887/jet.v5i2.32364.
Shahi, Tahereh, Behzad Farrokhsheresht, Mohammad Javad Taghipourian, and Hassan Ali Aghajani. 2020. “Behavioral Factors Affecting Talent Management: Meta-Synthesis Technique.” Iranian Journal of Management Studies 13(1):117–37. doi: 10.22059/IJMS.2019.283845.673684.
Shon, Soonyoung, and Kyoung Ja Moon. 2021. “Effects of Integrated Simulation Education among Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea.” International Journal of Contents 17(3).
Sigit, Diana Vivanti, Ade Suryanda, Etih Suprianti, and Ilmi Zajuli Ichsan. 2019. “The Effect of Adversity Quotient and Gender to Learning Outcome of High School Students.” International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8(6 C2):34–37.
Simamora, Roy Martin. 2020. “The Challenges of Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Essay Analysis of Performing Arts Education Students.” Studies in Learning and Teaching 1(2):86–103. doi: 10.46627/silet.v1i2.38.
Skaraki, Evangelia, Michail Kalogiannakis, Maria Ampartzaki, and Stamatios Papadakis. 2018. “Teaching Natural Science Concepts to Young Children with Mobile Devices and Hands-on Activities. A Case Study.” International Journal of Teaching and Case Studies 9(2):171. doi: 10.1504/ijtcs.2018.10011893.
Sukmawati, R. Ati, Mitra Pramita, Harja Santana Purba, and Bekti Utami. 2020. “The Use of Blended Cooperative Learning Model in Introduction to Digital Systems Learning.” Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE) 2(2):75–81. doi: 10.23917/ijolae.v2i2.9263.
Sundari, Cici, Achmad Nurmandi, Isnaini Muallidin, Danang Kurniawan, and Salahudin. 2022. Analysis of Secondary Education Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Vol. 319. Springer International Publishing.
Tan, Fiona D. H., Peter R. Whipp, Marylène Gagné, and Niels Van Quaquebeke. 2019. “Students’ Perception of Teachers’ Two-Way Feedback Interactions That Impact Learning.” Social Psychology of Education 22(1):169–87. doi: 10.1007/s11218-018-9473-7.
Toquero, Cathy Mae. 2020. “Emergency Remote Education Experiment amid COVID-19 Pandemic.” IJERI: International Journal of Educational Research and Innovation (15):162–76. doi: 10.46661/ijeri.5113.
Vahedi, Zahra, Lesley Zannella, and Stephen C. Want. 2021. “Students’ Use of Information and Communication Technologies in the Classroom: Uses, Restriction, and Integration.” Active Learning in Higher Education 22(3):215–28. doi: 10.1177/1469787419861926.
Valentino, V. H., Heri Satria Setiawan, Muhammad Tri Habibie, Retna Ningsih, Dona Katrina, and Arman Syah Putra. 2021. “Online And Offline Learning ComparisonIn The New Normal Era.” International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences 2(2):449–55. doi: 10.51601/ijersc.v2i2.73.
Van Wart, Montgomery, Anna Ni, Pamela Medina, Jesus Canelon, Melika Kordrostami, Jing Zhang, and Yu Liu. 2020. “Integrating Students’ Perspectives about Online Learning: A Hierarchy of Factors.” International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education 17(1). doi: 10.1186/s41239-020-00229-8.
Zaghal, Ahmad, Charles Marley, Salim Rahhal, Joelle Hassanieh, Rami Saadeh, Arwa El-Rifai, Taha Qaraqe, Martine ElBejjani, Rola Jaafar, and Jamal J. Hoballah. 2022. “Face-to-Face versus Distance Learning of Basic Suturing Skills in Novice Learners: A Quantitative Prospective Randomized Trial.” BMC Medical Education 22(1):1–18. doi: 10.1186/s12909-022-03353-3.
Zurqoni, Heri Retnawati, Ezi Apino, and Rizqa D. Anazifa. 2018. “Impact of Character Education Implementation: A Goal-Free Evaluation.” Problems of Education in the 21st Century 76(6):881–99. doi: 10.33225/pec/18.76.881.
Nur Ilham, R. ., Arliansyah, A., Juanda, R., Multazam, M. ., & Saifanur, A. . (2021). RELATHIONSIP BETWEEN MONEY VELOCITY AND INFLATION TO INCREASING STOCK INVESTMENT RETURN: EFFECTIVE STRATEGIC BY JAKARTA AUTOMATED TRADING SYSTEM NEXT GENERATION (JATS-NG) PLATFORM. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 1(1), 87–92. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v1i1.27
Yusuf Iis, E., Wahyuddin, W., Thoyib, A., Nur Ilham, R., & Sinta, I. (2022). THE EFFECT OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND WORK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH WORK MOTIVATION AS INTERVENING VARIABLE AT THE OFFICE OF AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK IN ACEH. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(2), 227–236. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i2.191
Geovani, I. ., Nurkhotijah, S. ., Kurniawan, H. ., Milanie, F., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF VICTIMS OF THE ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE TO REALIZE LEGAL PROTECTION FROM HUMAN RIGHTS ASPECTS: RESEARCH STUDY AT THE OFFICE OF SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN BATAM CITY. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 1(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v1i1.10
Bustani, B., Khaddafi, M. ., & Nur Ilham, R. (2022). REGIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF REGENCY/CITY REGIONAL ORIGINAL INCOME IN ACEH PROVINCE PERIOD YEAR 2016-2020. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(3), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v2i3.277
Nur Ilham, R., Heikal, M. ., Khaddafi, M. ., F, F., Ichsan, I., F, F., Abbas, D. ., Fauzul Hakim Hasibuan, A. ., Munandar, M., & Chalirafi, C. (2021). Survey of Leading Commodities Of Aceh Province As Academic Effort To Join And Build The Country. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 1(1), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v1i1.19
Nur ilham, R., Likdanawati, L., Hamdiah, H., Adnan, A., & Sinta, I. . (2022). COMMUNITY SERVICE ACTIVITIES “SOCIALIZATION AVOID STUDY INVESTMENT” TO THE STUDENT BOND OF SERDANG BEDAGAI. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 61–64. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.312
Falahuddin, F., Fuadi, . F., Munandar, M., Juanda, R. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2022). INCREASING BUSINESS SUPPORTING CAPACITY IN MSMES BUSINESS GROUP TEMPE BUNGONG NANGGROE KERUPUK IN SYAMTALIRA ARON DISTRICT, UTARA ACEH REGENCY. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 65–68. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.313
Majied Sumatrani Saragih, M. ., Hikmah Saragih, U. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTIVATION AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION TO ICREASING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IMPLEMENTATION FROM SPP AL-FALAH GROUP AT BLOK 10 VILLAGE DOLOK MASIHUL. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.11
Sandi, H. ., Afni Yunita, N. ., Heikal, M. ., Nur Ilham, R. ., & Sinta, I. . (2021). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BUDGET PARTICIPATION, JOB CHARACTERISTICS, EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND WORK MOTIVATION AS MEDIATOR VARIABLES TO STRENGTHENING USER POWER PERFORMANCE: AN EMPERICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA GOVERNMENT. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.14
Sinurat, M. ., Heikal, M. ., Simanjuntak, A. ., Siahaan, R. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). PRODUCT QUALITY ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTEREST WITH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AS A VARIABLE INTERVENING IN BLACK ONLINE STORE HIGH CLICK MARKET: Case Study on Customers of the Tebing Tinggi Black Market Online Store. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.12
Ilham, Rico Nur. et all (2019). Investigation of the Bitcoin Effects on the Country Revenues via Virtual Tax Transactions for Purchasing Management. International Journal of Suplly Management.Volume 8 No.6 December 2019.
Ilham, Rico Nur. et all (2019).. Comparative of the Supply Chain and Block Chains to Increase the Country Revenues via Virtual Tax Transactions and Replacing Future of Money. International Journal of Suplly Management.Volume 8 No.5 August 2019.
Lasta Irawan, A. ., Briggs, D. ., Muhammad Azami, T. ., & Nurfaliza, N. (2021). THE EFFECT OF POSITION PROMOTION ON EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION WITH COMPENSATION AS INTERVENING VARIABLES: (Case Study on Harvesting Employees of PT. Karya Hevea Indonesia). International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i1.2
Rahmaniar, R., Subhan, S., Saharuddin, S., Nur Ilham, R. ., & Anwar, K. . (2022). THE INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ASPECTS ON THE SUCCESS OF THE CHIPS INDUSTRY IN MATANG GLUMPANG DUA AND PANTON PUMP. International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(7), 337–348. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i7.36
likdanawati, likdanawati, Yanita, Y., Hamdiah, H., Nur Ilham, R., & Sinta, I. (2022). EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT, WORK MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE OF PT. ACEH DISTRIBUS INDO RAYA. International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(8), 377–382. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i8.41
Nur Ilham, R., Arliansyah, A., Juanda, R. ., Sinta, I. ., Multazam, M. ., & Syahputri, L. . (2022). APPLICATION OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN IMPROVING BENEFITS OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (An Emperical Evidence from Indonesian Stock Exchange at Moment of Covid-19). International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(5), 761–772. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i5.410
Rico Nur Ilham, Irada Sinta, & Mangasi Sinurat. (2022). THE EFFECT OF TECHNICAL ANALYSIS ON CRYPTOCURRENCY INVESTMENT RETURNS WITH THE 5 (FIVE) HIGHEST MARKET CAPITALIZATIONS IN INDONESIA. Jurnal Ekonomi, 11(02), 1022–1035. Retrieved from http://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi/article/view/481
Nur ilham, R., Likdanawati, L., Hamdiah, H., Adnan, A., & Sinta, I. . (2022). COMMUNITY SERVICE ACTIVITIES “SOCIALIZATION AVOID STUDY INVESTMENT” TO THE STUDENT BOND OF SERDANG BEDAGAI. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 61–64. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.312
Wayan Mertha, I. ., & Mahfud, M. (2022). HISTORY LEARNING BASED ON WORDWALL APPLICATIONS TO IMPROVE STUDENT LEARNING RESULTS CLASS X IPS IN MA AS’ADIYAH KETAPANG. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(5), 507–612. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v2i5.369
Mahfud, M., Yudiana, I. K., & Sariyanto, S. (2022). HISTORY OF BANYUWANGI KALIKLATAK PLANTATION AND ITS IMPACT ON SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 3(1), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v3i1.492
Mahfud et all (2021). PEMANFAATAN TRADISI RESIK LAWON SUKU USING SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR SEJARAH LOKAL PADA SMA DI BANYUWANGI. Media Bina Ilmiah Vol.16 No.3 Oktober 2021. http://ejurnal.binawakya.or.id/index.php/MBI/article/view/1294/pdf
Sinta, I., Nur Ilham, R. ., Authar ND, M. ., M. Subhan, & Amru Usman. (2022). UTILIZATION OF DIGITAL MEDIA IN MARKETING GAYO ARABICA COFFEE. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(3), 103–108. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i3.467
Nur Ilham, R., Arliansyah, A., Juanda, R. ., Sinta, I. ., Multazam, M. ., & Syahputri, L. . (2022). APPLICATION OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN IMPROVING BENEFITS OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (An Emperical Evidence from Indonesian Stock Exchange at Moment of Covid-19). International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(5), 761–772. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i5.410
Mahfud et all (2020). Developing a Problem-Based Learning Model through E-Learning for Historical Subjects to Enhance Students Learning Outcomes at SMA Negeri 1 Rogojampi. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 485 (2020) 012014 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/485/1/012014