LEGAL CERTAINTY OF TERMINATION OF INVESTIGATIONS ONDRUG ABUSERS THROUGH RESTORATIVE JUSTICE BASED ON SUPREME COURT CIRCULAR LETTER NUMBER 1 OF 2026 CONCERNING GUIDELINES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2023 CRIMINAL CODE AND THE 2025 CRIMINAL PROCEDURES
Published:
2026-10-16Downloads
Abstract
Termination of investigations against drug abusers through a restorative justice approach is a new paradigm in the Indonesian criminal justice system after the enactment of Law Number 20 of 2025 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code and Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 1 of 2026 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of the 2023 Criminal Code and the 2025 Criminal Procedure Code. However, its implementation still faces various legal certainty issues, starting from the clarity of the qualification categories of abusers based on Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 4 of 2010, the accountability of the Integrated Assessment Team (TAT) when evidence exceeds the quantitative provisions in the SEMA a quo, the position of Joint Regulation Number 01/PB/MA/III/2014 as a reference material after the enactment of the 2023 Criminal Code and the 2025 Criminal Procedure Code, the relationship between SEMA Number 1 of 2026 and existing implementing regulations for restorative justice (Perpol, Perja, and Perma), to the impact of the SEMA a quo on the determination of the Head of the District Court on the request to terminate the investigation. This study aims to analyze the legal certainty of terminating the investigation of drug abusers through restorative justice based on these provisions. The study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory, conceptual, and case approach, supported by empirical data through interviews with law enforcement officers. The analysis was conducted qualitatively using the Theory of Legal Certainty, Theory of Restorative Justice, Theory of Accountability, and Theory of the Legal System. The results of the study indicate that the existing regulations have not fully provided legal certainty because the parameters for qualifying drug abusers have not been consistently integrated between the Narcotics Law, SEMA 4/2010, and the work results of the TAT; there is no accountability standard for the TAT in conditions of deviation from SEMA 4/2010; the position of the 2014 Joint Regulation and other RJ implementing regulations after the new Criminal Code/Criminal Procedure Code is unclear; and the limits of the authority of the Head of the District Court in determining the termination of the investigation are not yet clear. Therefore, it is necessary to improve regulations through more comprehensive arrangements, harmonization of implementing regulations, and strengthening institutional accountability in order to realize legal certainty in the application of restorative justice to drug abusers.
Keywords:
legal certainty qualifications of abusers Integrated Assessment Team restorative justice termination of investigation.References
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