The Constitutionality of Presidential Instruction Number 9 of 2025 on the Acceleration of the Establishment of Merah Putih Village/Sub-District Cooperatives An Analysis Under Article 33 Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia
Published:
2026-09-14Abstract
This study was prompted by the issuance of Presidential Instruction Number 9 of 2025 concerning the Acceleration of the Establishment of Merah Putih Village/Sub-District Cooperatives, which is intended to strengthen the people's economy through the development of cooperative institutions at the village and sub-district levels. Nevertheless, this policy has generated constitutional debate, particularly because its regulatory approach tends to be centralized and may be inconsistent with the principles of economic democracy and the familial principle as enshrined in Article 33 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This study aims to examine the legal status of Presidential Instructions within Indonesia's constitutional system and to assess the constitutionality of Presidential Instruction Number 9 of 2025 from the perspective of Article 33 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution. This research employed a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Legal materials were collected through library research, encompassing legislation, decisions of the Constitutional Court, and relevant legal literature. The findings indicate that a Presidential Instruction constitutes an internal administrative policy instrument and does not form part of the hierarchy of laws and regulations. Formally, Presidential Instruction Number 9 of 2025 is legally valid. Substantively, however, its constitutionality is conditional and largely depends on its implementation. If implemented in a participatory manner, with due respect for regional and village autonomy, and oriented toward the actual needs of local communities, the policy is consistent with the values embodied in Article 33 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution. Conversely, if implemented through a centralized and top-down approach, it risks departing from the essential character of cooperatives as an expression of economic democracy. Therefore, further research is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of this policy's implementation across different regions.
Keywords:
Constitutionality Presidential Instruction Merah Putih Cooperatives Article 33 of the 1945 ConstitutionReferences
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