THE RENAISSANCE KING: ZAIN-UL-ABIDIN’S REIGN IN KASHMIR
DOI:
10.54443/ijerlas.v5i2.2524Published:
2025-02-24Downloads
Abstract
Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin, popularly known as Budshah (The Great King), was a transformative ruler whose reign (1420–1470 A.D.) marked a golden era in Kashmiri history. Revered for his visionary leadership, he championed religious tolerance, cultural revival, and economic prosperity, earning him the title of "The Renaissance King." Zain-ul-Abidin fostered harmony among Kashmir’s diverse communities, creating an environment of inclusivity and social cohesion. His reign saw a flourishing of arts, crafts, and literature, making Kashmir a hub of cultural excellence. He introduced administrative reforms, improved irrigation systems, and revitalized agriculture, significantly enhancing the region’s prosperity. Budshah's patronage of artisans and scholars elevated Kashmir’s status as a center of learning and craftsmanship. His emphasis on justice and welfare reflected his deep commitment to his people. This abstract explores the multifaceted achievements of Zain-ul-Abidin and their enduring impact, celebrating his legacy as a beacon of enlightened governance in medieval India.
Keywords:
reign, education, literature, King, toleranceReferences
Sahu, R. R., & Haq, M. (2017). Development of Education and Literature Work during the Period of Sultan Zainul Abidin in Kashmir. Research Inspiration, 2(II), 45-55.
Mehrdin, N., Saleem, A., Fayyaz Hussain, D. A. M. S., Hejab-i-Zahra Sandhu, Y. A., & Rasool, T. (2023). The Glorious Reign of Sultan Zain-Ul-Abidin Bud Shah (A Great Muslim Ruler of Kashmir 1420-1470 AD). Journal of Positive School Psychology, 2050-2056.
Mohammed, J. (1997, January). Sultan Zain-Ul-Abidin (1420-70) In the Sanskrit Sources of Kashmir: A Study of the" Rajatarangini" of Jonaraja and Srivara. In Proceedings of the Indian History Congress (Vol. 58, pp. 218-225). Indian History Congress.
Malik, N. A., & Majid, A. (2016). Kashmir: In historical perspective. Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society, 29(2), 1-10.
Rather, S. A., Dar, S. A., & Dar, M. A. (2023). Zain-Ul-Abidin’s Regin: A Golden Era of Peace, Prosperity and Progress in Kashmir. International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology, 2(3), 1305-1311.
Mohammed, J. (1997, January). Sultan Zain-Ul-Abidin (1420-70) In the Sanskrit Sources of Kashmir: A Study of the" Rajatarangini" of Jonaraja and Srivara. In Proceedings of the Indian History Congress (Vol. 58, pp. 218-225). Indian History Congress.
Khan, M. H. (1953, January). Some aspects of Kashmir history under the Shah Mirs and the Chaks. In Proceedings of the Indian History Congress (Vol. 16, pp. 194-200). Indian History Congress.
Latif, S., Wahab, Z. U., Shah, S. M., & Khan, M. T. (2019). The Persian influence on the traditional arts of Kashmir with special reference to textile industry.
Hamdani, H. S. (2021). Development of Kashmir's Islamic Religious Architecture in the Medieval Period: Synthesis and continuity. In Art and Architectural Traditions of India and Iran (pp. 145-162). Routledge India.
Hasan, M. (1968). Historical Writing in Medieval Kashmir. Historians of Medieval India, 53-58.
Howard, N. (2005). Sultan Zain-ul Abidin’s Raid into Ladakh. In Ladakhi Histories (pp. 125-145). Brill.
Tikoo, C. T. K. (2013). Kashmir: Its aborigines and their exodus. Lancer Publishers LLC.
Kalla, K. L. (Ed.). (1985). The literary heritage of Kashmir. Mittal Publications.
Akbar, M. J. (2018). Kashmir: behind the vale. Roli Books Private Limited.
Rather, A. A. (2021). Sacred Spaces as Markers of Disputes. Social Scientist, 49(3/4 (574-575), 57-68.
Kalla, K. L. (1997). Eminent Personalities of Kashmir. Discovery Publishing House.
ul Islam, T., Ganaie, M. I., & Kumar, M. A. Unani System of Medicine in Medieval Kashmir: A Brief Profile.
Wahab, Z. U., Latif, S., Bashir, J., Shah, M. H., & Shah, A. (2019). The Persian influence on the textile design of Kashmir. specialty journal of humanities and cultural science, 4(3-2019), 1-7.
Zutshi, C. (2019). Kashmir. Oxford University Press.
Bamzai, P. N. K. (1994). Culture and political history of Kashmir (Vol. 2). MD Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Padder, R. A. (2016). Wooden Architecture of Kashmir under Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin. Ancient Pakistan, 27, 173-184.
Hasan, M. M. (1954). Persian Sources for the History of Kashmir. Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society, 2(2), 116-124.
Mohan, H. T., & Pachauri, R. (2024). Crafting identities: The Fading artistry of Kashmiri Papier Mâché. In Vulnerable Communities in Neoliberal India (pp. 116-131). Routledge.
Singh, S., & Dar, S. A. (2014). Shawl industry in Kashmir under the Mughals (1586-1752 AD)-A critical note. Journal of Languages and Culture, 5(4), 54-58
Singh N.K., Islamic Heritage of Kashmir, vol ii, Srinagar. P.40.
. Shiekh, A. R. Historical Introduction of Wood Carving Industry in Kashmir
Parmu, R. K. (1969). A history of Muslim rule in Kashmir 1320-1819.
Nizam, S. (2019). The Irrigational System in Early Medieval Kashmir. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 9(1), 661-667
Mir, I. A. (2023). Bridging The Past and Present: An Analysis of Sultan Zainul Abidin's Legacy Through the Zaingair Canal in Kashmir. Journal of Accounting Research, Utility Finance and Digital Assets, 1(4), 407-412
Mir, I. A. (2022). Foreign Policy of Sultan Zain-Ul-Abidin. Journal of Women Empowerment and Studies (JWES) ISSN: 2799-1253, 2(04), 18-25.
Kapur, M.L. The History and Culture of Kashmir, Jammu, 1992, pp. 216-.217.
Jonaraja Rajatarangini, Calcutta, 1898, p.87
. Jahangir, A., Shad, U. J., & Khawaja, A. (2021). An Overview of Geographical Status of Kashmir under Shamiri Dynasty (1339-1554). Global Regional Review, VI, 6, 244-249
Hasan, Mohibbul, Kashmir under Sultans Srinagar (Kashmir), 1959, p.71-93.
. Ibid, p.92. Kapur, M.L. The History and Culture of Kashmir, Jammu, 1992, p. 217.
Farooq, S. G. (2014, January). Surface Decorations in the word Architecture of sultanate Kashmir (1339-1535 AD). In Proceedings of the Indian History Congress (Vol. 75, pp. 1096-1100). Indian History Congress.
Bhat, R. A. (2023). Craft Education and Economic Development in the Valley of Kashmir during the Era of Sultan Zain-ulAbidin Budshah. Journal of Accounting Research, Utility Finance and Digital Assets, 1(4), 637-640.
Bamzai, P.N.K, Culture and Political History of Kashmir Srinagar, vol.11 2007, p.34
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Shabir Ahmad Lone, R. Abida Begum, S. Nazeemunnisa Begum, Javad Ahmad Mir, Mohammad Ishaq Lone
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Downloads
How to Cite
