Vol. 4 No. 4 (2024): July

In this issue (Vol. 4 No. 4 (2024): July), we have processed 50 submitted manuscripts. Ten articles were declined after initial review by the editor, Five articles were declined after the peer review process, and Thirty Five articles were published.

In this issue (Vol. 4 No. 4 (2024): July), All of the published articles were authored/co-authored by 89 authors from 21 Institutions, i.e. Thwane University of Technology  (South Africa), University of South Africa (South Africa), Annamalai University (India), University of Kashmir (India), College Majalta (India), University of Limpopo (South Africa), Universitas Malikussaleh (Indonesia), Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana (Indonesia), Universitas Sumatera Utara (Indonesia), Universitas Syiah Kuala (Indonesia), Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Ekadharma (Indonesia), Universitas Negeri Malang (Indonesia), Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara (Indonesia), Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara (Indonesia), Universitas Bakarie Jakarta (Indonesia), Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi (Indonesia), Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Bina Karya Tebing Tinggi (Indonesia), Universitas Simalungun (Indonesia), Universitas Islam Bandung (Indonesia), Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia), Universitas Teuku Umar (Indonesia).