EXPLORING INCARCERATED STUDENT PRISONERS’ EXPERIENCES WITH DISTANCE MODE OF STUDYING
Main Article Content
The case study aimed to investigate the experiences of incarcerated students engaged in distance learning and the university's support efforts. Its objective was to guide future research and initiatives for better supporting this student group. The central inquiry was focused on understanding the challenges and benefits faced by incarcerated students participating in distance education. Through qualitative methods, data were gathered via in-depth interviews with 12 incarcerated students enrolled in a Namibian correctional facility's distance education program. The findings highlighted key themes such as the flexibility and independence provided by distance learning, enabling students to manage academic commitments alongside prison duties. Challenges noted included limited access to technology, internet disruptions, and difficulties in accessing learning materials. Furthermore, participants emphasized how distance education positively influenced their personal growth, skills development, and prospects for reintegrating into society post-incarceration. The study underscores the necessity of customizing distance education initiatives to meet the unique needs and constraints of incarcerated individuals, acknowledging the transformative potential of education within the prison environment.
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2013). Prisoners in Australia, 2013.
https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/crime-and-justice/prisoners-australia/latest-release
Baum, N. L., Cardozo, B. L., Pat-Horenczyk, R., Ziv, Y., Blanton, C., Reza, A., ... & Brom,
D. (2013). Training teachers to build resilience in children in the aftermath of war: a cluster randomized trial. Child & Youth Care Forum, 42(4), 339-350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-013-9202-5
Baumert, A., & Dommett, E. J. (2021). Adapting to university life: Exploring the role of
student resilience. Higher Education, 81(4), 789-807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00576-y
Behan, C. (2014). Learning to escape: Prison education, rehabilitation and the potential for
transformation. Journal of Prison Education and Reentry, 1(1), 20-31. https://doi.org/10.15845/jper.v1i1.594
Bozick, R., Steele, J., Davis, L., & Turner, S. (2018). Does providing inmates with
education improve postrelease outcomes? A meta-analysis of correctional education programs in the United States. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 14(3), 389-428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-018-9334-6
Briggs, A. R., Clark, J., & Hall, I. (2012). Building bridges: Understanding student
transition to university. Quality in Higher Education, 18(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13538322.2011.614468
Brosens, D. (2019). Participation in prison education: Voiced by incarcerated adults. The
Prison Journal, 99(4), 385-406. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885519852088
Busher, H., & James, N. (2019). The ontological position of action research: Traditionalist
and modernist approaches to educational action research. In O. Zuber-Skerritt, L. Wood, & I. Kunnemeyer (Eds.), Leadership for change and transformation in higher education (pp. 15-34). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-028-520191002
Bye, D., Pushkar, D., & Conway, M. (2014). Motivation, interest, and positive affect in
traditional and nontraditional undergraduate students. Adult Education Quarterly, 57(2), 141-158. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741713606294235
Cedefop. (2021). Vocational education and training in Europe, 1995-2035: scenarios for
the future. Publications Office. https://doi.org/10.2801/539572
Costelloe, A., & Warner, K. (2014). Prison education across Europe: Policy, practice,
politics. European Journal of Education, 49(4), 524-536. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12095
Costelloe, A., & Warner, K. (2014). Prison education across Europe: policy, practice,
politics. London Review of Education, 12(2), 178-192. https://doi.org/10.18546/LRE.12.2.05
Crewe, B. (2011). Depth, weight, tightness: Revisiting the pains of imprisonment.
Punishment & Society, 13(5), 509-529. https://doi.org/10.1177/1462474511422172
Crewe, B., Liebling, A., & Hulley, S. (2014). Heavy-light, absent-present: Rethinking the
"weight" of imprisonment. The British Journal of Sociology, 65(3), 387-410. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12084
Davis, J. D. (2018). Caught somewhere between. Critical Education, 9(15), 1-13.
https://doi.org/10.14288/ce.v9i15.186355
Drake, D. H. (2014). Researching prisoner experiences with prison officers: An action
research-inspired approach. Action Research, 12(1), 94-109. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750313516810
Duve, C., & Beets, P. (2016). Exploring the challenges of open distance learning for
prisoners in South Africa. South African Journal of Higher Education, 30(1), 110-129.
Farley, H., Pike, A., Kennepohl, G., & Moffatt, K. (2016).167 Offsetting the digital divide
for prison students. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 32(6).
Gales, E. J. P., Gales, R. J. P., & Silvano, J. A. (2022). Cognizance Journal of
Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(6), 01-10. https://doi.org/10.38204/cjms.2022.v02i0601
Harlow, C. W. (2003). Education and correctional populations. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Special Report. https://doi.org/10.1037/e377512004-001
Hasan, M. (2021). Keep Calm and Carry on – There Is Nothing to See Here: A Study of
Organisational Response Towards Racist Bullying and Harassment of BAME Women in Policing. Social Sciences, 10(6), 269-278. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20211006.13
Holdaway, S., & O'Neill, M. (2006). Institutional racism in the police: An empirical
account. Policing and Society, 16(4), 437-460. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439460600973420
Hopkins, S., & Farley, H. (2014). A prisoners' island: Teaching Australian incarcerated
students in the digital age. Journal of Prison Education and Reentry, 1(1), 42-51.
Huijser, H., Bedford, T., & Bull, D. (2008). Open courseware, global access and the right
to education: Real access or marketing ploy? International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 9(1).
Huzar, G., & Kassem, H. (2022). Supporting Open University students in prison: a case
study. Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, 23.
Jewkes, Y. (2005). Men behind bars: "Doing" masculinity as an adaptation to
imprisonment. Men and Masculinities, 8(1), 44-63. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X03257452
Kasworm, C. E. (2018). Adult learners in a research university: Negotiating undergraduate
student identity. Adult Education Quarterly, 60(2), 143-160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741713609336110
Kidd, W. (2020). Empowering adult learners in higher education: Towards a dynamic
model of self-determined learning. Higher Education Research & Development, 39(2), 271-284. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2019.1669763
Kilty, J. M., & Orsini, M. (2018). Keepin' your head up: Experiences of Black and
Indigenous women in prison with mental health issues. Journal of Prisoners on Prisons, 27(1), 77-96.
Kristensen, S. (2001). Learning by Leaving: Towards a Pedagogy for Transnational
Mobility in the Context of Vocational Education and Training (VET). European Journal of Education, 36(4), 421-430. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-3435.00079
Liebling, A. (2011). Moral performance, inhuman and degrading treatment and prison pain.
Punishment & Society, 13(5), 530-550. https://doi.org/10.1177/1462474511422159
Loftus, B. (2008). Dominant culture interrupted: Recognition, resentment and the politics
of change in an English police force. The British Journal of Criminology, 48(6), 756-777. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azn053
Lowe, H., & Cook, A. (2003). Mind the gap: Are students prepared for higher education?
Journal of Further and Higher Education, 27(1), 53-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098770305629
Mabunda, P. L. (2010). Information and communication technologies for teaching and
learning: Challenges and implications for ODL universities. TD: The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa, 6(1), 245-258.
Manger, T., Eikeland, O. J., Diseth, Å., Hetland, H., & Asbjørnsen, A. (2010). Prison
inmates' educational motives: Are they pushed or pulled? Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 54(6), 535-547.
Manger, T., Eikeland, O. J., Diseth, Å., Hetland, H., & Asbjørnsen, A. (2010). Prison
inmates' educational motives: Are they pushed or pulled? Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 54(6), 535-547. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2010.522845
Manger, T., Eikeland, O. J., Diseth, Å., Hetland, H., & Asbjørnsen, A. (2010). Prison
inmates' educational motives: Are they intrinsic, extrinsic or both?. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 54(2), 97-106. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831003637541
Ministry of Justice. (2019). Education and employment strategy 2018-2023. Retrieved
from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/education-and-employment-strategy-2018-to-2023
Olson, B. D. (2016). Promoting hope and resilience in individuals and communities
following trauma and disaster. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience, 18(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000259
Pompoco, A., Wooldredge, J., Lugo, M., Sullivan, C., & Latessa, E. J. (2017). Reducing
inmate misconduct and prison returns with facility education programs. Criminology & Public Policy, 16(2), 515-547. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12290
Rabe-Hemp, C. E. (2008). Survival in an "all boys club": Policewomen and their fight for
acceptance. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 31(2), 251-270. https://doi.org/10.1108/13639510810878712
Reiman, J., & Leighton, P. (2010). The rich get richer and the poor get prison: Ideology,
class, and criminal justice (9th ed.). Pearson.
Rice, J., Emens, J., & Smarr, B. (2023). Despite shutdown hardships, remote learning may
support some healthier student sleep behaviors. Sleep, 46. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad134
Silvestri, M. (2003). Women in Charge: Policing, Gender and Leadership. Routledge.
Smarr, B. L. (2023). Editorial. Sleep, 46, 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad134
Solbakken, H., & Wynn, R. (2022). BMC Psychology, 10(1), 1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00889-x
Steurer, S. J., & Smith, L. G. (2003). Education reduces crime: Three-state recidivism
study. Correctional Education Association.
Sykes, G. M. (1958). The society of captives: A study of a maximum security prison.
Princeton University Press.
Tewksbury, R., & Stengel, K. M. (2006). Assessing correctional education programs: The
students' perspective. Journal of Correctional Education, 57(1), 13-25.
Tinto, V. (1987). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition.
University of Chicago Press.
Tinto, V. (2017). Reflections on student persistence. Student Success, 8(2), 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.5204/ssj.v8i2.378
Vacca, J. S. (2004). Educated prisoners are less likely to return to prison. Journal of
Correctional Education, 55(4), 297-305. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23292095
Vacca, J. S. (2004). Educated prisoners are less likely to return to prison. Journal of
Correctional Education, 55(4), 297-305.
Vacca, J. S. (2004). Educated prisoners are less likely to return to prison. Journal of
Correctional Education, 55(4), 297-305. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23292095
Vinson, T. (2004). Community adversity and resilience: The distribution of social
disadvantage in Victoria and New South Wales and the mediating role of social cohesion. Jesuit Social Services.
Vinson, T. (2007). Dropping off the edge: The distribution of disadvantage in Australia.
Jesuit Social Services and Catholic Social Services Australia.
Wah, A. (2021). Time and the prison experience. [Unpublished manuscript].
White, R., & Graham, H. (2010). Working with offenders: A guide to concepts and
practices. Willan.
White, R., & Perrone, S. (1997). Crime and social control. Oxford University Press.