The Concept of Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture as an Asset Return Instrument in Indonesia
Published:
2026-09-14Abstract
Corruption as an extraordinary crime requires effective asset recovery, but the conviction-based forfeiture system in Indonesia has proven to be non-optimal with a low rate of asset return because it relies on criminal judgments with permanent legal force (Hibnu Nugroho, 2026; Graviddita & Wijayanto, 2025). This normative legal research with a legislative, conceptual, comparative, and case approach examines the concept of Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture (NCB) as an alternative instrument for asset return. The results of the study show that the NCB has juridical urgency through the ratification of the UNCAC (Law Number 7 of 2006) and sociological urgency to recover state losses (Hasibuan, 2025). The Asset Forfeiture Bill which carries a double track system is a progressive step to overcome the weaknesses of the existing mechanism, especially in the case of perpetrators dying or fleeing (Hukumonline, 2026). Nevertheless, the implementation of the NCB faces serious challenges related to the protection of human rights, the potential for abuse of authority (Narendra Jatna, 2025), and the protection of third parties in good faith (Andini, Boer, Tanjung & Odelia, 2025). This study concludes that the implementation of the NCB requires strict and accountable normative arrangements to balance the effectiveness of law enforcement with the protection of citizens' constitutional rights, so that this mechanism can be a fair and effective instrument in eradicating corruption in Indonesia.
Keywords:
Non-conviction based asset forfeiture asset forfeiture asset return corruption asset forfeiture billReferences
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