LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE ONLINE VISA SYSTEM FOR FOREIGNERS ENTERING INDONESIA
Main Article Content
Muhammad Fadhil Thalib
Laily Washliati
Ramon Nofrial
Digital transformation in public services is a strategic step towards achieving effective, efficient, and accountable services. One manifestation of this transformation is the implementation of an online visa system by the Directorate General of Immigration as part of immigration service reform. This research is motivated by the importance of legal certainty and the effectiveness of the online visa system for foreigners wishing to enter Indonesia, considering that this system concerns the legal and administrative rights of foreign citizens, as well as the credibility of Indonesian public services at the global level. This research aims to analyze laws and regulations, assess the effectiveness of the online visa system implementation, and identify obstacles and efforts to overcome them in order to strengthen legal certainty and service efficiency. The method used is a legal research method with a normative and empirical legal approach, using secondary data in the form of laws and regulations, official documents, and primary data in the form of interviews with immigration officials and visa applicants in Batam City. The results show that the legal framework of the online visa system is structured hierarchically, but there are still inconsistencies between the substance of the regulations and their implementation in practice. This system has improved process efficiency, but is not yet fully effective due to technical challenges, disparities in understanding among officials, and low digital literacy among some applicants. Mitigation efforts have been implemented through digital innovation and strengthened regulations, but further integration of the structure, substance, and culture of fairness in the legal system is still needed. The study recommends that the government and relevant agencies improve staff training, simplify technical procedures, expand reach, and ensure equal access for all service users to achieve an effective online visa system based on legal certainty.
UNESCAP, Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Report 2018, United Nations, Bangkok, 2018, hlm. 45.
Lihat Pasal 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2009 tentang Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus, Lembaran Negara Tahun 2009 Nomor 147.
Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi, Laporan Kinerja 2022, Ditjen Imigrasi, Jakarta, 2023, hlm. 50.
Satjipto Rahardjo, Hukum dalam Perspektif Sosiologi Hukum, Genta Publishing, Yogyakarta, 2019, hlm. 92.
Pasal 3 Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2009 tentang Pelayanan Publik, Lembaran Negara Tahun 2009 Nomor 112.
Nugroho, Teknologi Informasi untuk Layanan Publik, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta, 2018, hlm. 34.
Pasal 23 Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian, Lembaran Negara Tahun 2011 Nomor 52.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Digital Economy Report 2020, United Nations, Geneva, 2020, hlm. 87.
Agus Dwiyanto, Reformasi Birokrasi Publik di Indonesia, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta, 2011, hlm. 92.
Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi, Laporan Kinerja 2022, Ditjen Imigrasi, Jakarta, 2023, hlm. 50.
Transparency International, Transparency in Government Services: Digital Era Challenges, Transparency International, Berlin, 2020, hlm. 12.
Indonesia, Panduan Sistem Visa Online Indonesia, Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi, Jakarta, 2022, hlm. 20.
World Bank, Digital Dividends: World Development Report 2016, World Bank, Washington D.C., 2016, hlm. 45.
Satjipto Rahardjo, Hukum dalam Perspektif Sosiologi Hukum, Genta Publishing, Yogyakarta, 2009, hlm. 73.
Mertokusumo, Sudikno. Hukum dan Kepastian. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta, 2012, hlm. 83
Keneth Rompas, Daud M. Liando, Welly Waworundeng, Implementasi Kebijakan Pengawasan Orang Asing di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pembangunan, Vol. 1, No. 1 Tahun 2021.
Ratminto, dan Atik Septi Winarsih. Manajemen Pelayanan: Teori dan Praktik. Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta, 2010., hlm. 102
Indrajit, R.E. Electronic Government In Action: Ragam Kasus Implementasi Sukses di Berbagai Belahan Dunia, Andi, Yogyakarta, 2015, hlm. 132
Pascalis Danny Kristi Wibowo. Implementasi E-Government Dalam Pemberian dan Perpanjangan Izin Tinggal Terbatas Melalui Kantor Imigrasi, Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Keimigrasian, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2015.
Fachrizal, et al. “Pemanfaatan Teknologi dalam Pelayanan Publik.” Penerbit Widina, Jakarta, 2023, hlm. 39
Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi. “Layanan Visa Online, Bentuk Inovasi Di Tengah Pandemi.” Imigrasi.go.id, 2020. Diakses melalui https://www.imigrasi.go.id/berita/2020/09/30/layanan-visa-online-bentuk-inovasi-di-tengah-pandemi
Maulinda, N., & Hidayat, M. F. “Inovasi Kepemimpinan dalam Pengelolaan Visa Haji dan Umroh: Studi Kasus Penerapan E-Visa di Tahun 2023”. Mecca: Journal of Hajj and Umrah, Vol. 1, No.1, 2024, hlm. 28-29.
Bambang Sugono, Metoda Penelitian Hukum, Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2011, hlm. 29.
